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Prehistory: Early cave artists and pot makers “sign” their works with a paint or impressed finger or thumbprint.

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Prehistory: Early cave artists and pot makers “sign” their works with a paint or impressed finger or thumbprint.

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It was the first sign of using the fingerprint as an identification for an individual, it has evolved to now the artist writing their name on all their work.

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1000 B.C. : Chinese use fingerprints to “sign” legal documents.

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1000 B.C. : Chinese use fingerprints to “sign” legal documents.

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Evolution from only using fingerprint for artwork now used in legal documents as well, we use it today when signing documents.

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1200s: First forensic autopsies are done at the University of Bologna

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1200s: First forensic autopsies are done at the University of Bologna

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Represents the beginning of forensic science when observing a cadaver. We use it to this day when trying to identify the cause of death.

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1500s: Ambroise Paré  writes extensively on the anatomy of war and homicidal wounds.

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1500s: Ambroise Paré  writes extensively on the anatomy of war and homicidal wounds.

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By conducting this research Paré studied what a wound caused by war or homicide looked like.

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1784: John Toms is convicted of murder based on the match of paper wadding removed from the victim’s wound with paper found in Tom’s pocket.

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1784: John Toms is convicted of murder based on the match of paper wadding removed from the victim’s wound with paper found in Tom’s pocket.

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First case to use forensic science to uncover a murder.

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1801: Andrew Duncan Sr.  begins lecturing on legal medicine at Edinburgh University.

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1801: Andrew Duncan Sr.  begins lecturing on legal medicine at Edinburgh University.

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First course to introduce medicine to the legal world.

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1868: Friedrich Miescher  discovers DNA.

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1868: Friedrich Miescher  discovers DNA.

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DNA is another way to identify someone other than fingerprints. DNA plays a crucial role in criminal cases.

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1880: Henry Faulds  shows that powder dusting will expose latent fingerprints

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1880: Henry Faulds  shows that powder dusting will expose latent fingerprints

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This method has been used for decades and a variation of it is still used today.

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1889: Alexandre Lacassagne was the first to try to individualize bullets to a gun barrel. 

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1889: Alexandre Lacassagne was the first to try to individualize bullets to a gun barrel. 

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By making each gun barrel unique this would later help detectives find the unique gun used in cases.

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1900: Karl Landsteiner first discovered human blood groups 

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1900: Karl Landsteiner first discovered human blood groups 

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This was an important discovery since blood is a very important aspect of criminal cases and forensic science.

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1928:  Meüller suggested the identification of salivary amylase as a presumptive test for salivary stains. 

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1928:  Meüller suggested the identification of salivary amylase as a presumptive test for salivary stains. 

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Other than blood, fingerprint, and hair, saliva is also a great identifier for individuals

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1931: John Glaister  publishes his landmark book on hair analysis

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1931: John Glaister  publishes his landmark book on hair analysis

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This was important in the forensic world due to the hair containing DNA information about individuals.

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1945: Frank Lundquist developed the acid phosphatase test for semen. 

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1945: Frank Lundquist developed the acid phosphatase test for semen. 

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This discovery is important in criminal cases involving sexual assault.

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1974: Detection of gunshot residue by SEM/EDS is developed. 

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1974: Detection of gunshot residue by SEM/EDS is developed. 

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Allows scientists and detectives to detect a firearm that was used in a criminal case.

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1977: The FBI introduced the beginnings of its Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) with the first computerized scans of fingerprints. 

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1977: The FBI introduced the beginnings of its Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) with the first computerized scans of fingerprints. 

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This revolutionized the forensic science world by having a database that held thousands of fingerprint data.

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2001: Faster DNA IDS Technology speeds up DNA profiling time, from 6-8 weeks to between 1-2 days.

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2001: Faster DNA IDS Technology speeds up DNA profiling time, from 6-8 weeks to between 1-2 days.

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Important since it decreases the amount of time when trying to solve a case.

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2007: Footwear Detection System Britain's Forensic Science Service develops online footwear coding and detection system. 

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2007: Footwear Detection System Britain's Forensic Science Service develops online footwear coding and detection system. 

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This helps police to identify footwear marks quickly in criminal cases.

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2008: Detection of fingerprints is developed after cleaning

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2008: Detection of fingerprints is developed after cleaning

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This changed the forensic science world since it allowed scientists to analyze and identify fingerprints even after being cleaned off.

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2011:  Michigan State university develops software that automatically matches hand-drawn facial sketches to mug shots stored in databases.

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2011:  Michigan State university develops software that automatically matches hand-drawn facial sketches to mug shots stored in databases.

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This development has helped detectives with countless amounts of criminal cases since it pulls mug shot pictures from sketches.

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2011: Japanese researchers develop a dental x-ray matching system that takes 4 seconds.

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2011: Japanese researchers develop a dental x-ray matching system that takes 4 seconds.

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Created a new way to identify an individual other than by blood, DNA, hair, or fingerprint.