# data[].attributes.headline
Chiết xuất Taxol bằng nuôi cấy tế bào cây Taxus brevifolia

# data[].attributes.subject
Chiết xuất Taxol bằng nuôi cấy tế bào cây Taxus brevifolia

# data[].attributes.body
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1369501/
http://vusta.vn/chitiet/tin-tuyen-sinh-dao-tao/Nuoi-cay-thanh-cong-te-bao-thong-do-Co-hoi-chua-tri-benh-ung-thu-1011
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11101-010-9167-z

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Abstract

Callus cultures of Taxus cuspidata and Taxus canadensis were induced using different tissue explants including green and red arils, seed contents, young stems and needles. Callus derived from stem segments displayed the best growth in defined media. The culture medium was supplemented with reducing agents and phenolic-binding compounds to inhibit callus darkening and subsequent growth reduction. T. cuspidata explant growth was affected by different concentrations and ratios of 2,4-D and kinetin. Callus tissues of T. cuspidata were extracted for taxol after 2 months in culture and analysed by HPLC. The presence of taxol (0.020 +/- 0.005% of the extracted dry weight) was indicated based on retention time, U.V. spectra, peak purity as assessed by photo-diode array spectroscopy and compared with an authentic taxol standard, as well as by 1H-NMR analysis. Suspension cultures of T. cuspidata were established from the callus cultures, subsequently immobilized onto glass fiber mats, and maintained as immobilized cultures for 6 months. The immobilized cell cultures also produced taxol at levels up to 0.012 +/- 0.007% of the extracted dry weight.

Similar articles

Improved growth and taxol yield in developing calli of Taxus cuspidata by medium composition modification.

Fett-Neto AG, Melanson SJ, Sakata K, DiCosmo F. Fett-Neto AG, et al. Biotechnology (N Y). 1993 Jun;11(6):731-4. doi: 10.1038/nbt0693-731. Biotechnology (N Y). 1993. PMID: 7765304

Taxanes from in vitro cultures of the Himalayan yew Taxus wallichiana.

Banerjee S, Upadhyay N, Kukreja AK, Ahuja PS, Kumar S, Saha GC, Sharma RP, Chattopadhyay SK. Banerjee S, et al. Planta Med. 1996 Aug;62(4):329-31. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-957895. Planta Med. 1996. PMID: 8792665

Cell lines of Taxus species as source of the anticancer drug taxol.

Goleniowski ME. Goleniowski ME. Biocell. 2000 Aug;24(2):139-44. Biocell. 2000. PMID: 10979612

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
national center for biotechnology information

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cell culture of Taxus as a source of the antineoplastic drug taxol and related taxanes - PubMed

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Callus cultures of Taxus cuspidata and Taxus canadensis were induced using different tissue explants including green and red arils, seed contents, young stems and needles. Callus derived from stem segments displayed the best growth in defined media. The culture medium was supplemented with reducing ...

# data[].attributes.headline
NUÔI CẤY MÔ SẸO CÓ KHẢ NĂNG SINH PHÔI CÂY SÂM NGỌC LINH

# data[].attributes.subject
NUÔI CẤY MÔ SẸO CÓ KHẢ NĂNG SINH PHÔI CÂY SÂM NGỌC LINH

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.phcogrev.com/sites/default/files/PharmacognRev-13-26-59.pdf

http://vci.vnu.edu.vn/upload/15022/pdf/575f83d67f8b9aaf8b8b458c.pdf

http://vci.vnu.edu.vn/upload/15022/pdf/575f83b47f8b9ad0888b45cd.pdf

http://www1.vnua.edu.vn/tapchi/Upload/2872015-TC%20so4.2015%20sam%20ngoc%20linh%20657-664.pdf

http://www1.vnua.edu.vn/tapchi/Upload/30102014-tc%20so%207(14).pdf

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Nghiên cứu quy trình nhân giống hoa cẩm chướng SP25 (Dianthus caryophyllus Make up) bằng phương pháp nuôi cấy mô tế bào_867168

# data[].attributes.headline
Vi nhân giống cây Cẩm chướng Dianthus caryophyllus L

# data[].attributes.subject
Vi nhân giống cây Cẩm chướng Dianthus caryophyllus L

# data[].attributes.body
(2) (PDF) Effects of plant growth regulators on the in vitro flowering of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) (researchgate.net)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The carnation, pinkish-purple coloration, but today many color varieties exist, the most popular being red and white. Carnation flowers are bisexual, and the plants often grow to 2-3 feet tall (pfaf.org). The exact native region of Dianthus caryophyllus, is a perennial herbaceous plant popularized for its colorful flowers. D. caryophyllus is not known due to its extensive cultivation throughout time; however the native range is believed to be somewhere in Europe (Perry). D. caryophyllus are long day plants and grow best in temperatures of 50-59 degrees F during the day and 41-46 degrees F at night (theflowerexpert.com). D. caryophyllus is predominantly propagated by cuttings and is often started as tissue cultures to ensure the plants are free of any infections (Perry). Propagation by seed is also common, especially for breeding purposes (Hartmann et al). The natural flowers of D. caryopyllus are of

Growing Conditions

Carnations can grow in a variety of harsh conditions, including alkaline and saline soils as well as polluted air, meaning they can survive well in cities and along coastlines (pfaf.org). The main requirements for proper growth are full sunlight and a soil with good drainage (pfaf.org). D. caryophyllus suffers most in acidic soils and shady areas (pfaf.org).

Tissue Culture

As with all species, propagation by tissue culture for Dianthus caryophyllus occurs in four stages: Establishment, Multiplication, Rooting, and Acclimatization. The specific techniques for each stage will be explored below.
Stage 1: Establishment
It is important to begin a tissue culture with material that is completely pathogen free. Contamination from bacteria or fungi will grow readily in the agar, taking away valuable nutrients and carbohydrates from the microplant (Hartmann et al). Any infection from pathogens is unacceptable for commercial propagation, for contaminated materials will infect other plants and cause a myriad of problems for both the grower and seller. To ensure the beginning material is free from pathogens, select tissue only form plants known to be completely healthy. It is recommended to use tissue from the meristem because it is new growth and is almost always free from infection because any potential pathogens have not yet had the opportunity to infect it (Hartmann et al). For Dianthus caryophyllus one should start with shoots that are approximately 12 nodes long, and any leaves that are over 3 mm long should be abscised (Hartman et al). The explant should then be washed with detergent and then soaked in a 10% solution of bleach for 5 minutes (Hartmann et al). Lengths of soak time vary from species to species, but a bleach concentration of 10-20% is common. The purpose of the bleach soak is to remove any external bacteria or pathogens that may be present on the plant. Next the explant must be rinsed in sterile water to remove any remaining bleach. Dianthus caryophyllus requires 2 rinses, each lasting 3 minutes (Hartmann et al). The explants are then derived from the stem tip, which should have 1 or 2 leaves of lengths 1mm or larger (Hartmann et al). The tissue should then be placed on a petri dish containing a MS agar medium with equal parts auxin (in the form of NAA) and cytokinin (kinetin) (Hartmann et al). The proper concentration for each of these plant growth regulators is 0.2 mg/L (Hartmann et al). The dish is then sealed and placed in a growth chamber at 22 degrees C under continuous light (Hartmann et al). The specimens should be routinely checked to ensure proper root and shoot formation, and any contaminated specimens should be promptly removed.
Stage 2: Multiplication
During this stage the established microplant is cut into segments and placed on separate plates, thereby increasing the number of plants being propagated. This practice, known as subculturing, will increase the number of specimens exponentially each time it is executed, allowing great amounts of plants to be propagated. When the culture has grown to appropriate proportions (which should occur in about one month), the culture should be removed from the container and cut into segments 1 cm long (Hartmann et al). It is imperative to practice good sterile technique throughout the propagation process to prevent contamination. The new explants should be placed in a similar MS agar medium, but with +0.5mg/L kinetin and +0.1mg/L NAA to stimulate shoot growth (Hartmann et al). Subsequent subcultures can be completed as the newly established cultures reach the appropriate stage of growth.
Stage 3: Rooting
During this stage the plantlets are transferred to a new medium and allowed to root. Rooting can be done in vitro, in sterile lab conditions, or ex vitro, in typical growing conditions. Ex vitro propagation is most commonly done in a greenhouse to ensure optimal growing conditions and maximum freedom from pests. If transferring to an in vitro culture, the plantlets should be placed in a MS agar medium without kinetin or NAA to influence growth (Hartmann et al). Rooting should occur readily in in vitro situations. If rooting ex vitro, treat as a typical softwood cutting: keep in high humidity conditions in a sandy medium and apply IBA prior to planting (Hartmann et al).
Stage 4: Acclimization
During this stage the thus-far pampered plantlets are acclimated to normal growing conditions. The rooted plantlets are removed from the container and any solid media is washed away. Specimens are planted in a typical growing medium and kept under high humidity (Hartmann et al). Once the microplants are established they are gradually hardened off by exposure to levels of lower humidity and higher light intensity (Hartmann et al). Plug containers can be useful for this stage of propagating Dianthus caryophyllus from tissue culture. New roots must form to replace the older roots; auxin treatments may be useful.

Seed

To propagate D. caryophyllus by seed, begin by sowing in a well-drained soil just under the surface (theflowerexpert.com). Production within a greenhouse is recommended but propagation outdoors is also readily done in the early spring (pfaf.org). Seeds will germinate within two to three weeks, especially if kept under the proper temperature (~59 degrees F) (theflowerexpert.com). If more plants are desired layering can be done in July (pfaf.org).

Cuttings of D. caryophyllus can be cultivated in greenhouses or outdoors. They require a well-drained medium with sufficient aeration, sand being the most typical choice (Perry). Terminal cuttings of 4 to 6 inches are recommended, as is removing the leaves from the last two to three nodes of the basal end of the cutting (theflowerexpert.com). As with any carnations, the cuttings require high lighting and cool temperatures (<65 degrees F) for optimum growth. The plant is often pinched early to promote flowering stems (Perry). The cuttings should be well rooted and ready for transplantation in approximately 30 days (theflowerexpert.com)

Literature Cited

"Dianthus Caryophyllus." Plants for a Future. Web. 23 Feb. 2012. <http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Dianthus+caryophyllus>.

Hartmann, Hudson T., Kester, Dale E., Davies, Fred T., and Robert L. Geneve. "Propagation of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines."

Hartmann & Kester's Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall/Pearson, 2011. 792. Print.

"How to Grow Carnations." The Flower Expert. Web. 23 Feb. 2012. <http://www.theflowerexpert.com/content/growingflowers/growingflowers

/growing-carnations>.

Perry, Leonard. "Dianthus Caryophyllus." Perry's Perennial Pages. University of Vermont. Web. 23 Feb. 2012. <http://pss.uvm.edu/pss123

/fcdian.html>.
Photographs
Photograph. We-Make-Money-Not-Art. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. <http://we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/2010/03/japan-media-arts-festival-

in.php>.

Flower:

Photograph. "Carnations." The Flower Expert. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. <http://www.theflowerexpert.com/content/mostpopularflowers

/carnations>.

Seeds:

"Scarlet Carnation Seeds." GenericSeeds.com. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. <http://www.genericseeds.com/product/GS-CARN-002-CCS_Can-Can-Scarlet-

Carnation-Seeds>.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Propagation of Dianthus caryophyllus - James Stockdale e-Portfolio

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The carnation, pinkish-purple coloration, but today many color varieties exist, the most popular being red and white. Carnation flowers are bisexual, and the plants often grow to 2-3 feet tall (pfaf.org). The exact native region of Dianthus caryophyllus, is a perennial herbaceous plant popularized for its colorful flowers. D.

# data[].attributes.body
(2) (PDF) In vitro cloning of ornamental species of Dianthus (researchgate.net)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-114-1_11.

Affiliation

¹ Instituto Universitario de Investigación Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.

doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-114-1_11.

Affiliation

¹ Instituto Universitario de Investigación Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.

Abstract

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most popular ornamental plants worldwide and also among the most studied ones, mainly in cut flower postharvest physiology. Several protocols for the in vitro propagation of this species including nodal segment culture, somatic embryogenesis, and adventitious shoot induction are described in this chapter. The presence of hyperhydricity as an abnormality during micropropagation of carnation plants has also been the object of research for many years and different strategies to overcome this problem are also included in this study.

Similar articles

Genetic transformation of carnation (Dianthus caryophylus L.).

Nontaswatsri C, Fukai S. Nontaswatsri C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;589:87-96. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-114-1_9. Methods Mol Biol. 2010. PMID: 20099093

Sunflower propagation.

Mayor ML, Nestares G, Vega T, Zorzoli R, Picardi LA. Mayor ML, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;589:271-80. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-114-1_25. Methods Mol Biol. 2010. PMID: 20099109

Micropropagation of Crataeva adansonii D.C. Prodr: an ornamental avenue tree.

Tyagi P, Sharma PK, Kothari SL. Tyagi P, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;589:39-46. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-114-1_5. Methods Mol Biol. 2010. PMID: 20099089

Cryopreservation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) and other Dianthus species.

Teixeira da Silva JA, Wicaksono A, Engelmann F. Teixeira da Silva JA, et al. Planta. 2020 Nov 16;252(6):105. doi: 10.1007/s00425-020-03510-2. Planta. 2020. PMID: 33200329 Review.

In vitro propagation of rose--a review.

Pati PK, Rath SP, Sharma M, Sood A, Ahuja PS. Pati PK, et al. Biotechnol Adv. 2006 Jan-Feb;24(1):94-114. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.07.001. Epub 2005 Oct 5. Biotechnol Adv. 2006. PMID: 16169183 Review.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
national center for biotechnology information

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
In vitro propagation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) - PubMed

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most popular ornamental plants worldwide and also among the most studied ones, mainly in cut flower postharvest physiology. Several protocols for the in vitro propagation of this species including nodal segment culture, somatic embryogenesis, and ad ...