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Slavery & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

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Slavery & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

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Colonization in the 17th & 18th Centuries

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Colonization in the 17th & 18th Centuries

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The 1st Four Decades of the 19th Century

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The 1st Four Decades of the 19th Century

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Supporting Students from Day One to Exam Day

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Course materials, exam information, and professional learning opportunities for AP teachers and coordinators.

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WWI News Update - Keeping Up with the "War to End All Wars" by Jennifer Egas | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for individual educators, schools and districts

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First and foremost, it's important to know that each test and quiz has a timer. Once you click start, the timer begins. If you clicked start by accident (and that's pretty tough to do by accident because you have to click a few times to get there), the timer will run. EVEN IF you close the quiz, log out of the program, close the browser, or shut your computer down, the timer runs. Once the time is up, you cannot enter any answers. You can only click submit.

PLEASE (This is me begging you.) don't start an assessment until you're ready to take it. That includes setting aside enough time to actually get it finished.

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First and foremost, it's important to know that each test and quiz has a timer. Once you click start, the timer begins. If you clicked start by accident (and that's pretty tough to do by accident because you have to click a few times to get there), the timer will run.

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Many times we don't think about (or are not taught about) how the colonists actually came to the conclusion that revolution was the answer to the issues between the colonies and the Mother Country.

Consider the following things:

1. The colonists didn't arrive at this conclusion overnight. (And many of them never supported independence at all. It is a "myth" that "all colonists" wanted independence. In fact no more than 50% supported it at any given time and usually it was closer to 33% for, 33% against and 33% neutral depending on how the war was going.)

2. It is illogical to think that the colonists decided one day that independence was the answer. There were no democracies or republics on the face of the earth at the time of the war. The most recent democracy and republic were the Greeks and the Romans, respectively.

3. Without the Enlightenment, the Great Awakening and the French & Indian War, we can't logically arrive in 1763 on the eve of Revolution. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening showed the Americans that they could think for themselves and the French and Indian War doubled the English Crown's debt level, leading the government to tax the colonists without allowing them even 1 seat in Parliament--the triggers fo the American Revolution.

There are 3 essential steps that we have to go through to logically arrive at the American Revolution. Let's learn more about the French & Indian War now!

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Many times we don't think about (or are not taught about) how the colonists actually came to the conclusion that revolution was the answer to the issues between the colonies and the Mother Country. Consider the following things: 1. The colonists didn't arrive at this conclusion overnight.

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Brown's Guide to Early America: Pre-Columbus-Exploration

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Brown's Guide to Early America: Pre-Columbus-Exploration

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The Age of Exploration! Contrary to popular myth, people did not believe the world was flat. However, many did believe it was much smaller than it actually was, which helps explain why Columbus thought he could simply sail west and reach India. Europe emerges from the Dark Ages and enters the Renaissance period, fresh off the Crusades and hungry for adventure and, more important, resources like gold, silk and spices. Arab traders control much of the overland trade routes, so the sea is the place to be. In Africa, the trans-Saharan trade helps give rise to wealthy empires and draws the attention of some European traders. In the Americas, millions of people span both North and South America. Some live in large, complex civilizations like the Aztec in present day Mexico, the Inca in present day Peru, and the Cahokia in present day Illinois. Others are smaller hunter-gatherer or agriculturally based societies, like the Iroquois in the present day northeast US. None of these populations, however, expected or were prepared for the dramatic transformations that would take place after three continents--Europe, Africa and the Americas--became permanently interconnected after 1492.

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Brown's Guide to US History - Early America: Pre-Columbus, Exploration Contact

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The Age of Exploration! Contrary to popular myth, people did not believe the world was flat. However, many did believe it was much smaller than it actually was, which helps explain why Columbus thought he could simply sail west and reach India.

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Brown's Guide to Revolutionary America, Part I

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Brown's Guide to Revolutionary America, Part I

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British North America. For a time, Britain's crown jewel. The American colonies continue to develop as a crossroads of diverse cultures: immigrants from Europe, Native Americans, Spanish and French colonies. These societies exist within a larger Atlantic World, connecting Europe, the Americas and Africa in a complex trade system. Over time, they no longer represent distinct societies, but rather amalgamations: new cultural blends that have borrowed from one another over time. The 13 British colonies do develop unique attributes, however, as they establish themselves as integral parts not only of the British Empire, but also of the Atlantic World.

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Brown's Guide to US History - Colonization to 1754

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British North America. For a time, Britain's crown jewel. The American colonies continue to develop as a crossroads of diverse cultures: immigrants from Europe, Native Americans, Spanish and French colonies. These societies exist within a larger Atlantic World, connecting Europe, the Americas and

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Brown's Guide to Revolutionary America, Part II

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Brown's Guide to Revolutionary America, Part II

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1754. American colonists join forces (sort of ) with their British brethren to defeat France in the French and Indian War. But this victory ultimately spells defeat for the British Empire in North America. Increasing tensions, misunderstandings and ideological differences about the relationship between the Mother Country and her colonies pave a gradual road to revolution by 1775. Before the 19th century begins, Americans will transform from a loosely joined collection of colonies, to a tenuously connected confederation of states, and finally, to a coherent but still fragile nation.

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Brown's Guide to US History - Revolutionary America: 1754-1800

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1754. American colonists join forces (sort of ) with their British brethren to defeat France in the French and Indian War. But this victory ultimately spells defeat for the British Empire in North America. Increasing tensions, misunderstandings and ideological differences about the relationship

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Brown's Guide to the Early National Period

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Brown's Guide to the Early National Period

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After a decade of domestic debates and foreign threats, America enters the 19th century ready to expand and prove that its experiment with democracy would be permanent. A series of president from Virginia (the Virginia Dynasty of Jefferson, Madison and Monroe) help the nation expand to the West and fend off a British threat in the War of 1812. The First Industrial Revolution helps transform the nation's economy and strengthen a national economy while simultaneously increasing sectional differences between North, South and West. New political debates emerge, as issues such as tariffs, federal power, and the ever growing issue of slavery present challenges to new political parties. By the 1840s, Americans continued looking westward to expand while also considering how to improve the America they already have, sparking reform movements in areas such as education, temperance, religion, and abolition.

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Brown's Guide to US History - Early National Period: 1800-1848

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After a decade of domestic debates and foreign threats, America enters the 19th century ready to expand and prove that its experiment with democracy would be permanent. A series of president from Virginia (the Virginia Dynasty of Jefferson, Madison and Monroe) help the nation expand to the West

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Continued expansion, growing sectional differences, and recurring inability to fully settle the issue of slavery finally come to a head in 1860, as the election of Abraham Lincoln drives a final wedge between North and South. Despite celebrated victories in the Mexican-American War and the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" by expanding all the way to the Pacific, America was more divided than ever in the 1850s. The Civil War threatened to tear the nation apart, and despite Union victory, the end of the Civil War did not necessarily mean the Union would survive. Questions about equality and the meaning of freedom continued to plague the nation throughout Reconstruction and would continue into the 20th century.

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Brown's Guide to US History - A Nation Torn Asunder: 1844-1865

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Continued expansion, growing sectional differences, and recurring inability to fully settle the issue of slavery finally come to a head in 1860, as the election of Abraham Lincoln drives a final wedge between North and South. Despite celebrated victories in the Mexican-American War and the

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Brown's Guide to US History - Emerging World Power: 1890-1945

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America's growth in the Gilded Age fueled a desire for more expansion. But, according to historian Frederick Jackson Turner, the frontier was closed. The West had been settled. Instead, America would turn outward. The reasons given were many: the need for resources, markets to sell US goods,

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The Cold War dominated the decades after WWII. Once allies during WWII, United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) now from struggled for political supremacy and dominance throughout the world from 1945 to 1991. Over four decades, competition between the United States and the Soviet Union involved many other countries that supported one of the two superpowers. Conflict inevitably seeped into US society as well. The ongoing Civil Rights Movement gained steam in the 1960s, and new groups formed to fight for their own rights, including the National Organization for Women and the American Indian Movement. Youths joined in as well, especially in response to the Vietnam War, forming the New Left or "tuning in and dropping out" in the counterculture. By 1969, the Vietnam War seemed to dominate American politics and society, creating deep divisions. In the 1970s, many Americans started turning against the radicalism of the Sixties in favor of conservatism, culminating with Ronald Reagan's election in 1980.

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Brown's Guide to US History - Cold War America: 1945-1980

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The Cold War dominated the decades after WWII. Once allies during WWII, United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) now from struggled for political supremacy and dominance throughout the world from 1945 to 1991. Over four decades, competition between the United States and the Soviet Union involved

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By the 1980s, the Cold War was coming to a close. Although tensions continued, there were signs the Soviet Union was deteriorating. Speaking of tensions, the US in the 1980s was no source of Kumbaya, either. President Reagan faced deteriorating economic and social conditions. His successors would be free from Cold War tensions only to face a new threat in the form of rising terrorism.

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Brown's Guide to US History - Contemporary America

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By the 1980s, the Cold War was coming to a close. Although tensions continued, there were signs the Soviet Union was deteriorating. Speaking of tensions, the US in the 1980s was no source of Kumbaya, either. President Reagan faced deteriorating economic and social conditions. His successors would

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American Experience   S01E05   The Life & Times of Rosie the Riveter

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World War II News Update - Keeping Students Abreast of War News! by Jennifer Egas | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for for individual educators, schools and districts

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The "Roaring 20s!"

The 1920s were called the "Roaring 20s" for a reason! Following the recession in the early 1920s the economy took off! Consumerism exploded exponentially thanks to radio as the newest medium and the advertisers exploited the ability to reach tens of thousands of people in their homes. The advent of "buying on credit" revolutionized the way Americans viewed "luxury goods" and suddenly it was not beyond the means of many people to have the latest and greatest appliances, clothing and even cars!

The ratification of the 19th Amendment gave women a newfound voice and their new right to vote spurred a radical change in many women, particularly the young women and women in urban areas.

The "roaring" nature of the 1920s led to the Wall Street 'crash' of October 1929.

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The 1920s were called the "Roaring 20s" for a reason! Following the recession in the early 1920s the economy took off! Consumerism exploded exponentially thanks to radio as the newest medium and the advertisers exploited the ability to reach tens of thousands of people in their homes.

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Feedback!

I leave detailed feedback in your assignments.

Please read it carefully!

I spend hours doing this and it will help you if you pay attention!

Please read on for tips I have been thinking about most recently!

A Word About the Videos Below...

I teach different AP courses, so I have included videos related to different courses, but the principles are the same for all written responses!

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I leave detailed feedback in your assignments. Please read it carefully! I spend hours doing this and it will help you if you pay attention! Please read on for tips I have been thinking about most recently! I teach different AP courses, so I have included videos related to different courses, but the principles are the same for all written responses!

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How to Write Short Answer Question - AP USH by Jennifer Egas | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for individual educators, schools and districts

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DBQs - How Do I Write One? by Jennifer Egas | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for individual educators, schools and districts

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Constitution Day (But it's not just about September 17!)

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Constitution Day (But it's not just about September 17!)

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It's Constitution Day!

We celebrate Constitution Day on September 17 each year! On September 17, 1787, 39 of the 59 delegates to the Constitutional Convention signed the new document. Then it was ready to be sent to the individual states for ratification. Nine of 13 states had to ratify to enact the document as the "law of the land!"

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We celebrate Constitution Day on September 17 each year! On September 17, 1787, 39 of the 59 delegates to the Constitutional Convention signed the new document. Then it was ready to be sent to the individual states for ratification. Nine of 13 states had to ratify to enact the document as the "law of the land!"

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After the Revolution, the Articles of Confederation were in effect (from 1781) til 1789. In the period between 1781 and the turn of the century there were several important events.

Read on to find out more...

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After the Revolution, the Articles of Confederation were in effect (from 1781) til 1789. In the period between 1781 and the turn of the century there were several important events. Read on to find out more...

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Thomas Jefferson: Poster Child for Anti-Federalism

So, Thomas Jefferson was an Anti-Federalist. Like most Southerners he favored states' rights and small government. He represented the interests of the small farmers, favored a "small" "central" (They would not have called it the "federal government" at this time.) government and envisioned an "agricultural utopia" without a manufacturing facet in the United States. The Anti-Federalists could be likened to the Democratic Party of today in some ways because of the focus on the "little man." The Federalists could be compared to the Republican Party of today in that they favor the business sector. (These comparisons are VERY simplistic in nature since there are really no comparisons as a whole to the parties that exist today.)

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So, Thomas Jefferson was an Anti-Federalist. Like most Southerners he favored states' rights and small government. He represented the interests of the small farmers, favored a "small" "central" (They would not have called it the "federal government" at this time.) government and envisioned an "agricultural utopia" without a manufacturing facet in the United States.

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Brown’s Guide to US History - All That Glitters Is(n’t) Gold: The Gilded Age

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Mark Twain called it a gilded age, an era that seemed to glitter with promise on the surface, but that teemed with problems and poverty just below. Unprecedented economic growth thanks to the Industrial Revolution, coupled with further westward expansion and new resources, fueled a modern,

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The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire | History

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“Jacob Riis: Revealing 'How the Other Half Lives'" on C-SPAN3

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A Trip Through The Tenement Museum In New York City

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A C-Span video clip for you about Adam Smith's seminal work on the economy in 1776!

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Description

Scott Christianson talked about his book, 100 Documents that Changed the World: From the Magna Carta to Wikileaks. In this clip, Mr. Christianson discussed Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nation and its significance.

Bell Ringer Assignment

How does Adam Smith see the role of government in the economy?

Who was Adam Smith?

Describe the theory that Adam Smith proposes in The Wealth of Nations.

What was the impact of the theories proposed in Smith's the Wealth of Nations?

Additional Resource

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Adam Smith and the Wealth of Nations | C-SPAN Classroom

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Scott Christianson talked about his book, 100 Documents that Changed the World: From the Magna Carta to Wikileaks. In this clip, Mr. Christianson discussed Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nation and its significance. How does Adam Smith see the role of government in the economy? Who was Adam Smith?

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Greenbacks in the Early Days of the Nation

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Greenbacks in the Early Days of the Nation

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A C-Span video clip to give you more information about money in the Early Republic!

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Description

Author Joshua Greenberg discussed the system of paper currency that was in place prior to the establishment of the Greenback. He explained the challenges in using bank notes and shinplasters as currency and how the Civil War changed this system.

Bell Ringer Assignment

What were bank notes and how did they serve as currency prior to the Civil War?

Explain the challenges with using bank notes as currency.

How were shinplasters different from bank notes?

What were challenges with using shinplasters?

How did the federal government change the system of currency during the Civil War?

What were the advantages of using Greenbacks over bank notes and shinplasters?

What is meant by fractional currency? Why is that important?

Related Article

Additional Resources

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Greenbacks and Early Currency in the United States | C-SPAN Classroom

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Author Joshua Greenberg discussed the system of paper currency that was in place prior to the establishment of the Greenback. He explained the challenges in using bank notes and shinplasters as currency and how the Civil War changed this system. What were bank notes and how did they serve as currency prior to the Civil War?

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Check out this infographic!

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Pojer, Read, Jacob Burkhardt, Erasmus of, Horace Greeley, Martin Luther, Thomas Paine, Jethro Tull, It’ll, John Tyler

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How To Do an A. P. Euro. D B Q Ms. Pojer - ppt download

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THE AP EXAM The AP European History test is comprised of 80 multiple choice questions, two Free Response Questions (FRQs) and one Document-Based Question (DBQ). The DBQ represents 25% of the exam score but does not require any knowledge in order to answer the question. Instead, the DBQ is base…

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How to Write for the AP Exam - All the Important Details for APUSH, Euro & World by Jennifer Egas | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for individual educators, schools and districts

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This guide is useful. (Note: The rubric changed in September 2023---don't ask me why---the College Board does what they want when they want. But the principles remain the same.)

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OpenStax | Free Textbooks Online with No Catch

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OpenStax offers free college textbooks for all types of students, making education accessible & affordable for everyone. Browse our list of available subjects!

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A Free and Online, Collaboratively Built American History Textbook

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From the White House Historical Association!

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What happened on this day in 1801 during John Adams’s administration?

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Research Guides: Presidents of the United States: Selected Images: Chronological List of Presidents, First Spouses, and Vice Presidents of the United States

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This guide provides portraits of each American president from the Prints & Photographs Division collections at the Library of Congress.