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How do pecans grow? And how do you say the word pecan? This True Food TV video answers both questions during a visit to the Georgia's Hudson Pecan Company. Georgia is number one producer of pecans on the planet despite the nut not being native to that state.

This video about pecans, originally called pakan in Algonquian, is chock full of surprising scenes including a pecan on fire (they're high in good oils that light them up like a candle), raining pecans (thanks to a tree shaking truck), and lots of pecans traveling on conveyor belts.

Another lesser-known fact: A man named Antoine, an enslaved Louisiana plantation gardener, was the first person to graft pecan trees. His 1846-ish discovery traveled to the Centennial International Exhibition in 1876, the first World's Fair, and made the commercial pecan industry of today possible.

Watch more vids about blueberries, pumpkins, and cranberries. Bonus: Cherry harvesting with a hydraulic tree shaker.

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Pecan - How Does it Grow? | The Kid Should See This

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How do pecans grow? And how do you say the word pecan? This True Food TV video answers both questions during a visit to the Georgia's Hudson Pecan Company. Georgia is number one producer of pecans on the planet despite the nut not being native to that state.

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The arrival of autumn is a great reason to talk about chemistry: When tree leaves change from green to reds, oranges, yellows, and browns, we're seeing the tree's green chlorophyll fade away, revealing hidden autumnal pigments. A tree's sunlight exposure and stored sugars also get credit for helping create more brilliant fall colors. ACS Reactions explains more why leaves change color.

Learn more about chlorophyll, carotenoids, xanthophylls, and anthocyanins with this autumn DIY experiment: Leaf Color Chromatography with Alex Dainis.

via @ScienceChannel.

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Why do leaves change color? | The Kid Should See This

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The arrival of autumn is a great reason to talk about chemistry: When tree leaves change from green to reds, oranges, yellows, and browns, we're seeing the tree's green chlorophyll fade away, revealing hidden autumnal pigments. A tree's sunlight exposure and stored sugars also get credit for helping create more brilliant fall colors.

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Trees Can Save the Planet - Greta Thunberg

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Trees Can Save the Planet - Greta Thunberg

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Protect, restore, and fund: These are the three goals that can help us use nature to tackle the climate crisis. In this video from The Guardian, environmental activists Greta Thunberg and George Monbiot explain how a massive shift toward Natural Climate Solutions can help "prevent climate breakdown by restoring our life support systems. You can help."

Note: This video primarily focuses on solutions and actions that can be pursued, however, it does mention the sixth wave of extinction and current issues in the news. As with all videos on TKSST, prescreen for younger viewers. With older kids, we recommend watching together to share additional conversations and to find local ways to take action.

Living ecosystems like forests, mangroves, swamps and seabeds can pull enormous quantities of carbon from the air and store them safely, but natural climate solutions currently receive only 2% of the funding spent on cutting emissions.

The film was directed by Gripping Films ' Tom Mustill, who explained:

"We tried to make the film have the tiniest environmental impact possible. We took trains to Sweden to interview Greta, charged our hybrid car at George's house, used green energy to power the edit and recycled archive footage rather than shooting new."

Read more about Natural Climate Solutions and Averting Climate Breakdown by Restoring Ecosystems on the organization's site. Plus, some context from The Los Angeles Times:

Young people have been mobilizing school strikes around the world since August 2018 when then-15-year-old Thunberg protested Swedish parliament over a lack of climate action. She started the viral #FridaysForFuture campaign that would later inspire [the September 20, 2019 climate] strike.

The movement cites a 2018 report from the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that warned world leaders that, without bold intervention, some devastating effects of climate change would hit harder - and much sooner - than previously expected.

Start here: How to Save Our Planet, the first in a video series narrated by Sir David Attenborough. Follow it with these: How to save our jungles, how to save our coastal seas, and how to save our frozen worlds.

Plus, learn more about how mangroves and other marine and coastal ecosystems capture carbon, and how beavers help bring their ecosystems into balance.

And listen to The Story of the Hummingbird, as told by celebrated Kenyan environmental activist, women's rights advocate, and Nobel Laureate Professor Wangari Maathai.

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Natural Climate Solutions: How nature can repair our broken climate

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Learn how a massive shift toward Natural Climate Solutions can help "prevent climate breakdown by restoring our life support systems. You can help."

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The Real Reason Leaves Change Color in the Fall

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The Real Reason Leaves Change Color in the Fall

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Every autumn, green chlorophyll fades from the leaves of deciduous trees, revealing the underlying reds, oranges, and yellows. But why does the chlorophyll fade in the first place? Recycling! MinuteEarth explains.

Related listening:

Watch this next: How do trees survive winter? Plus a tip from MinuteEarth:

Want to learn more about the topic in this week's video? Here are some keywords to get your googling started: Leaf senescence, chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin.

Also: Watch and do this excellent Leaf Color Chromatography Experiment.

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The Real Reason Leaves Change Color In the Fall - MinuteEarth | The Kid Should See This

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Every autumn, green chlorophyll fades from the leaves of deciduous trees, revealing the underlying reds, oranges, and yellows. But why does the chlorophyll fade in the first place? Recycling! MinuteEarth explains. Related listening: Watch this next: How do trees survive winter? Plus a tip from MinuteEarth: Want to learn more about the topic in this week's video?

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is the ancient Japanese art of shaping trees into potted miniature marvels that represent majestic full-size trees on a landscape. It takes painstaking attention and artful pruning over many years to create the effect. "Shaping nature in this way demands everlasting devotion without the prospect of completion."

Chiako Yamamoto is reportedly the only female bonsai sensei or master in Japan. In this BBC Earth Unplugged video, a clip from the show Extraordinary Rituals, we see how she has meticulously worked to curve branches, cultivate leaves, and care for the roots of these small trees over decades, transforming them into larger-than-life representations of nature.

"Chiako tends her tiny trees because they connect her to something deeper: The past." One of the trees in her care was planted by her grandfather in the late 1800s, outliving three of Japan's emperors. Many highly-cared for bonsai live for hundreds of years. She explains, via English translation:

"So when you die, your bonsai will survive. Thinking about that is overwhelming, but bonsai is always beside you, and it accumulates time filled with memories. I think that's amazing."

Read more about the basics of bonsai at BonsaiEmpire.com.

Watch more tree videos, more made in Japan videos, and more videos about miniature worlds on TKSST next:
* The art of Japanese marquetry
* The art of suminagashi or Japanese paper marbling
* How tall can a tree grow?
* The Loneliest Tree in the World
* Kintsugi & kintsukuroi - The art of pottery mending with gold
* The biggest model railroad in the Northwest

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Chiako Yamamoto and the ancient art of Bonsai | The Kid Should See This

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is the ancient Japanese art of shaping trees into potted miniature marvels that represent majestic full-size trees on a landscape. It takes painstaking attention and artful pruning over many years to create the effect. "Shaping nature in this way demands everlasting devotion without the prospect of completion."

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During a time when many American Indian nations were being forced off their lands by the United States government, Chief Oshkosh worked to negotiate treaties that would allow the Menominee to stay in their homeland. Oshkosh also promoted his people's traditional forest management practices, which are known today as sustainable forestry.

Wisconsin developed around their reservation for generations, but Menominee forest conservation has yielded a thriving ecosystem for almost 160 years. This PBS Wisconsin Education animation explains that "you can see their healthy green forest from space."

Watch Chief Oshkosh: Leader in Troubled Times from their Wisconsin Biographies series. The video introduces the tribe's history, cultural values, and some additional teaching resources. More from American Forests magazine:

The Menominee view themselves as the forest's stewards, never taking more resources than are produced within natural cycles so that the forest's biodiversity can be sustained. They also believe that rewards can't be measured in financial terms alone, but in environmental, cultural and spiritual values. As a result, the forest managers allow some trees to reach full maturity before being harvested, while permitting others to age indefinitely to protect thriving stands of old-growth white pine and sugar maple. Using this principle, the Menominee have harvested a half-billion board feet of lumber since the mid-1800s - yet, today, they have more standing timber than 150 years ago

Today, Menominee Forest has incredible stands of old-growth trees. In the northern part of the forest, no trails exist, so one has to wade through ferns and other undergrowth to reach ancient white pines at least 15 feet in circumference and soaring 200 feet into the sky. Thanks to the Menominee nation's wisdom and foresight, one can walk into the past and stand in awe of the majesty of those trees.

Learn more about Menominee culture from the Milwaukee Public Museum, and from The Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin.

Related videos about forests, trees, sustainability, and conservation include these gems:
* How Can Farms and Forests Coexist?
* How can nature be used as a tool to restore ecosystems?
* Ecosystem Engineers: How do beavers build dams?
* What happens if you cut down all of a city's trees?
* Growing 500 edible plants in a forest

Bonus: Gaylord Nelson and how Earth Day got started and Milly Zantow: Recycling Revolutionary.

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Chief Oshkosh and a history of Menominee Forest conservation | The Kid Should See This

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During a time when many American Indian nations were being forced off their lands by the United States government, Chief Oshkosh worked to negotiate treaties that would allow the Menominee to stay in their homeland. Oshkosh also promoted his people's traditional forest management practices, which are known today as sustainable forestry.

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Harvesting Cork from Cork Trees in Spain

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Harvesting Cork from Cork Trees in Spain

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At the Las Varas del Zumajo estate in the La Mancha region of Spain, expert axemen carefully harvest the thick exterior bark from cork oak trees. This cork extraction occurs every nine years, in July and August when the trees are not as vulnerable to the elements. The red cork cambium or phellogen inside must not be harmed so that the tree can remain healthy and continue to grow back bark for the next harvest.

Cork oak trees can be harvested up to 15 times, starting from when a tree is 25 years old. Cork after the first two harvests is considered higher quality. Filmmakers at Kauri captured this artisanal tradition in this wordless video titled Harvest: A Rural Spain Anthology * Cork.

Cork harvesting takes place in a dehesa, that is an agroforestry system which exists in the Iberian peninsula where human intervention is compatible with the conservation of nature, vegetation and fauna. Here, locals work hard to make the most of the resources available to them, respecting the production cycles and the environment.

Spain produces 22% of the world's cork and in this estate, up to nine tonnes are obtained daily, the corcheros working on 20 to 200 year old trees. Using only their axes, wooden poles, ladders and hands. Respecting the tree, making sure it suffers no damage.

Harvested cork planks are boiled-this cleans and softens them-and then cut or punched out into cork shapes. The remaining material is crushed into tiny pieces and mixed with polyurethane food-grade glue. That mix is molded into agglomerated corks.

Watch more videos from Kauri, including 1953: Preserving and operating a wimmenumermolen polder mill and Ralliers: Table tennis in London's public spaces. Plus: More harvesting videos.

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Harvesting cork in rural Spain | The Kid Should See This

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At the Las Varas del Zumajo estate in the La Mancha region of Spain, expert axemen carefully harvest the thick exterior bark from cork oak trees. This cork extraction occurs every nine years, in July and August when the trees are not as vulnerable to the elements.

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Reaching heights of over 100 meters, Californian sequoias tower over Earth's other 60,000 tree species. But even these behemoths seem to have their limits: no sequoia on record has been able to grow taller than 130 meters. So what exactly is stopping these trees from growing taller, forever?

This TED-Ed tree primer by Valentin Hammoudi, directed by Doug Alberts, investigates the science with smart and adorable animated graphics: How tall can a tree grow?

Watch these videos next: Climbing & Measuring Redwood Giants, Travel deep inside a redwood tree leaf and How Do Trees Transport Water from Roots to Leaves?

And don't miss The Wood Wide Web: How trees secretly talk to and share with each other.

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How tall can a tree grow? | The Kid Should See This

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Reaching heights of over 100 meters, Californian sequoias tower over Earth's other 60,000 tree species. But even these behemoths seem to have their limits: no sequoia on record has been able to grow taller than 130 meters. So what exactly is stopping these trees from growing taller, forever?

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How Trees Move Water From Roots to Leaves

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How Trees Move Water From Roots to Leaves

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Travel through a part of the water cycle that we don't often think about: Water's journey from the roots of a Douglas fir, upward through hair-thin fibers within the trunk, reaching the tree's photosynthesizing needles. From there, the water escapes into the air, eventually returning to earth as precipitation.

From CalAcademy, this is how trees transport water from roots to leaves.

Related videos: Trees! Plus, The Basics of Fresh Water, Life Cycle of a Drop of Water, and The Water Cycle, a boogie woogie stop motion clay animation.

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How Do Trees Transport Water from Roots to Leaves? | The Kid Should See This

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Travel through a part of the water cycle that we don't often think about: Water's journey from the roots of a Douglas fir, upward through hair-thin fibers within the trunk, reaching the tree's photosynthesizing needles. From there, the water escapes into the air, eventually returning to earth as precipitation.

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Trees secretly talk to each other underground. They're passing information and resources to and from each other through a network of mycorrhizal fungi- mykós means fungus and riza means root in Greek-a mat of long, thin filaments that connect an estimated 90% of land plants. Scientists call the fungi the Wood Wide Web because 'adult' trees can share sugars to younger trees, sick trees can send their remaining resources back into the network for others, and they can communicate with each other about dangers like insect infestations.

This BBC News video by 2D animator and illustrator Jules Bartl explains. Plus, from The New Yorker:

The relationship between these mycorrhizal fungi and the plants they connect is now known to be ancient (around four hundred and fifty million years old) and largely one of mutualism-a subset of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from their association.

In the case of the mycorrhizae, the fungi siphon off food from the trees, taking some of the carbon-rich sugar that they produce during photosynthesis. The plants, in turn, obtain nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen that the fungi have acquired from the soil, by means of enzymes that the trees do not possess...

The revelation of the Wood Wide Web's existence, and the increased understanding of its functions, raises big questions-about where species begin and end; about whether a forest might be better imagined as a single superorganism, rather than a grouping of independent individualistic ones; and about what trading, sharing, or even friendship might mean among plants.

Next, watch A Forest Year: Time lapse videos of Earth's cycle of the seasons, collecting some 350 fungi specimens in the Ecuadorian Andes, and Think Like a Tree.

Plus: What's the biggest organism on Earth?, How do trees survive winter? and How Do Trees Transport Water from Roots to Leaves?

Bonus: More videos about symbiosis and why biodiversity is so important.

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The Wood Wide Web: How trees secretly talk to and share with each other | The Kid Should See This

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Trees secretly talk to each other underground. They're passing information and resources to and from each other through a network of mycorrhizal fungi- mykós means fungus and riza means root in Greek-a mat of long, thin filaments that connect an estimated 90% of land plants.

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The effects of climate change can be hard to see - but in Florida there is a clear visual marker: the mangrove. As freezing cold weather in some parts of the state become less common, this tropical plant has been taking root -and further north of its usual range.

It's a transition that scientists are closely following and a climate change story where there may actually be some positive side effects.

Halophytes, mangroves have the ability to thrive with their roots in salty water and soil. This, combined with their need for a warmer climate with no severe cold snaps, means that the three species of native trees-the red, black, and white mangroves-may begin to provide underwater shelter and effective sea barriers in places where they couldn't 30 years ago. As this PBS NewsHour report explains, "a 2017 study found that about 5.5 feet of mangroves can reduce wave height by about 90 percent. By comparison, it takes 57 feet of salt marsh to do the same."

This mangrove forest model demonstrates their unique power to protect the coastline from waves:

Plus, from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection:

The relationship between mangroves and their associated marine life cannot be overemphasized. Mangroves provide protected nursery areas for fishes, crustaceans and shellfish. They also provide food for a multitude of marine species such as snook, snapper, tarpon, jack, sheepshead, red drum, oyster and shrimp. Florida's important recreational and commercial fisheries would drastically decline without healthy mangrove forests.

Many animals find shelter either in the roots or branches of mangroves. Mangrove branches are rookeries, or nesting areas, for beautiful coastal birds such as brown pelicans and roseate spoonbills...

People living along the south Florida coasts benefit many ways from mangroves. Mangrove forests protect uplands from storm winds, waves and floods. The amount of protection afforded by mangroves depends upon the width of the forest. A very narrow fringe of mangroves offers limited protection, while a wide fringe can considerably reduce wave and flood damage to landward areas by enabling overflowing water to be absorbed into the expanse of forest. Mangroves can help prevent erosion by stabilizing shorelines with their specialized root systems. Mangroves also filter water and maintain water quality and clarity.

And to top it off, mangroves and other marine and coastal ecosystems capture carbon. It's called blue carbon, and Conservation.org explains that "it's important because the release of carbon into the atmosphere is a major driver of climate change, and because blue carbon ecosystems hold a LOT of carbon - a given area of mangrove forest, for example, can store up to 10 times as much carbon as the same area of land-based forest."

The mangrove's expansion northward seems like it could be a beneficial side effect of climate change, but as the grassy saltmarshes are displaced, what are the unknown consequences?

Related reading: Mangroves protect coastlines, store carbon - and are expanding with climate change, and further south, Florida's Mangroves Face Death by Rising Sea Level.

Related videos: The difference between weather and climate change and is climate change making hurricanes worse?

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The effects of climate change can be hard to see - but in Florida there is a clear visual marker: the mangrove. As freezing cold weather in some parts of