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Roman Empire and the Spread of Christianity

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Roman Empire and the Spread of Christianity

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Romans tried to crucify the Christians, but it just made the religion stronger. The bishop began to have more power in the church community over the clergy and the laity. It grew quickly in the first century, took root in the second, and had spread widely through the third century. Constantine and his army began to fight with the symbol of Christianity on their shields, and the popularity of the religion skyrocketed.

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Rome used the Republic which is a different form of government, but relatable to the democracy. The Romans were fascinated by Greek art and architecture. They even used their architecture and sculpting style.

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There was a struggle for unity, but the hope was soon lost. The four main Hellenistic Kingdoms were Macedonia, Syria, Pergamum, and Egypt, later to be conquered by the Romans. There were many cultural impacts of the Hellenistic Period. The art became more realistic, there were new cities being made, and people wanted knowledge.

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In the time of Alexander the Great, Greece was not prepared for an attack from Macedonia. With the goal of uniting Greece under Macedonia, Philip II took the throne and completed the conquest of Greece in 338 BC at the Battle of Charonea. Philip II was assassinated leaving the crown to his twenty year old son Alexander. In 331 BC Greece and Macedonia took over the Persian Empire and continued on as far as modern-day Pakistan. He tried to take India, but had a tough time and failed. In 323 BC, he died and left the empire of Greece and Macedonia for taking.

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Greeks influenced art after them with their ideas of representing eternal. It also expressed humans as things of great beauty. They had gorgeous architecture that featured temples towards their gods and goddesses and the Parthenon. Greeks also brought around drama in festivals and celebrations, usually tragedy plays. Philosophy or the love of wisdom also came around in Greece. Socrates lead the way with the Socratic method and his student, Plato, wrote down his great philosophies and wrote many books, including The Republic. They also set up the first school in Greece.

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Classical Greece is the history of Greece from 500 BC to 338 BC and the conquest of Greece. There were two main wars in this time, a war against the Persians from 499 and 479 BC. This brought on the ruling of Athenian dominance  called the Age of Pericles. In the Age of Pericles, Athens was expanding, and this scared the Spartans. Finally in 431 BC, the Athenians and Spartans went to war in what is now known as the Great Pelopponisian War. This war went on until 405 BC, effectively destroying the Athenian empire.

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The center of Greek life was the polis, which is the center of the town. The city-states varied in sizes, populations, rights, and government. Some had the democracy start and others stuck to the oligarchy strictly. For example, the Spartans used an oligarchy The Athenians however, used a democracy. This democracy came around in 594 BC after turmoil in the government.

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Mycenae was the first Greek city-state to flourish from 1600 BC-1100 BC. The high point of Mycenae was around 1400 BC-1200 BC, which featured powerful monarchies. There was a powerful commercial network and military which conquered Crete and expanded outward. The fall of Mycenae happened in 1100 BC.  This fall sparks a dark age, which lasted from 1100 BC to 750 BC. It is said the work of Homer marked the end of this dark age bringing literature back to Greece.