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Lesson 3 - Activity 2. Answer the questions

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Lesson 3 - Activity 2. Answer the questions

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Lesson 2 _ Activity 2. Complete the text.

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Lesson 2 _ Activity 2. Complete the text.

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Lesson 1 _ Activity 3. Europe migrant crisis: data and charts

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Lesson 1 _ Activity 3. Europe migrant crisis: data and charts

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The number of migrants at the EU's borders reached a record high of 107,500 in July, officials say, as a sharp surge in expected asylum requests was reported in Germany.

Germany has seen a wave of migration from Syria and the Balkans, and now says it could receive as many as 750,000 asylum seekers this year.

The EU has been struggling to cope with migrant arrivals in recent months.

France and the UK say they will sign a deal to tackle the crisis in Calais.

Over the summer, thousands of migrants have sought to get to the UK through the Channel Tunnel from makeshift camps around the northern French city.

France's Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve and his British counterpart, Theresa May, say they will sign a deal there on Thursday to strengthen their countries' co-operation on security, the fight against criminal smugglers, human traffickers, and clandestine immigration.

In early August, the UK pledged to add €10m (£7m) to a fund established in September 2014 to secure the port of Calais, and initially endowed with €15m over three years.

'Third consecutive record'

EU border agency Frontex said the number of migrants surpassed the 100,000 mark in a single month for the first time since it had begun keeping records in 2008.

The Warsaw-based agency said in a statement that the figure of 107,500 migrants for July was the "third consecutive monthly record, jumping well past the previous high of more than 70,000 reached in June".

The German government had earlier forecast that 450,000 asylum seekers could arrive in 2015, but is now set to increase that to 650,000 or higher.

UN High Commissioner for Refugees Antonio Guterres said more countries in Europe should share the burden.

"It is unsustainable in the long run that only two EU countries, Germany and Sweden, take in the majority of refugees," he told German daily Die Welt.

Hungary's southern border marks the edge of the EU's Schengen zone of passport-free travel and is thus a target for migrants seeking to enter the EU.

Its government has said it will send thousands of police officers to its southern border with Serbia in its latest step to stem the flow of migrants.

Helping the refugees - by Jenny Hill, BBC Berlin correspondent

Squatting on a kerb, Barakat smiles as a volunteer hands his young son and daughter some second-hand clothes.

The family are Yazidis and fled Iraq. "They were killing all the women - what were we supposed to do?"

Nearby, hundreds of people queue outside a grey concrete building. Every so often an official comes out and shouts instructions through a megaphone.

This is Berlin's reception centre, where refugees come to register for housing and benefits. But it is volunteers who provide food, water, clothing and medical help. A doctor holds a makeshift surgery in a tent.

"It shouldn't be volunteers doing this," he says. "But the authorities never expected this many people to arrive so suddenly."

As I leave, I pass an old lady slowly pushing a trolley towards the centre. "I've come to donate clothes," she tells me. "Why wouldn't you help these people?"
Why is EU struggling with migrants and asylum?
More than 240,000 migrants have crossed the Mediterranean already this year, arriving on the shores of Greece and Italy before travelling on to other destinations.

In the past week alone, 21,000 migrants have arrived in Greece, according to the UN.

Germany's latest projected figures were due to be confirmed by Interior Minister Thomas de Maiziere on Wednesday and Handelsblatt reported that the number of refugees seeking accommodation around the country was surging.

Last month alone, 5,700 people applied for asylum in the northern city of Hamburg and 7,065 in the south-western state of Baden-Wuerttemberg.

"I would have to build a block of flats every day to accommodate them", Stuttgart Integration Minister Bilkay Oeney told Handelsblatt.

The numbers are far higher than the record 438,000 asylum applications in 1992 during the Bosnian crisis.

German towns have been housing refugees in tent cities and converted gyms, but as tensions increase, there has been a rise in attacks on asylum seekers.

In the east, thousands of people have marched in towns and cities in protest at asylum seekers being housed in their areas and against what they call the "Islamisation of the West".

Last month, EU member states agreed to take in 32,000 asylum seekers arriving in Italy and Greece over the next two years - fewer than the 40,000 target.

The UK is exempt from the agreement.

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The number of migrants at the EU's borders reached a record high of 107,500 in July, officials say, as a sharp surge in expected asylum requests was reported in Germany. Germany has seen a wave of migration from Syria and the Balkans, and now says it could receive as many as 750,000 asylum seekers this year.

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Refugees word cloud art created by Eligiarri

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Lesson 2 _ Activity 4. Video: Firas
Alshater

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Lesson 2 _ Activity 4. Video: Firas
Alshater

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The Syrian YouTube star Firas Alshater | Euromaxx

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Convention
relating to the Status of Refugees

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Convention
relating to the Status of Refugees

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R. Jones “Why insects get such a
buzz out of socialising”

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R. Jones “Why insects get such a
buzz out of socialising”

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Lesson 3 _ Activity 5 (a). Z. Bauman, excerpt from “The Migration Panic And
Its (Mis) Uses”

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Lesson 3 _ Activity 5 (a). Z. Bauman, excerpt from “The Migration Panic And
Its (Mis) Uses”

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Lesson 3 _ Activity 5 (b). Z. Bauman, excerpt from
“Migration and Identities in the Globalized World

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Lesson 3 _ Activity 5 (b). Z. Bauman, excerpt from
“Migration and Identities in the Globalized World

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Z. Baumann
- The Ambiance of Uncertainty

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Z. Baumann
- The Ambiance of Uncertainty

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video: part 2 “People on the move”

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Zygmunt Baumann - The Ambiance of Uncertainty

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Lesson2 - Activity 2. The
European Refugee Crisis and Syria

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Lesson2 - Activity 2. The
European Refugee Crisis and Syria

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Europe migrant crisis: Surge in numbers at EU borders

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Europe migrant crisis: Surge in numbers at EU borders

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Lesson 1 _ Activity 1. Key migration terms

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Lesson 1 _ Activity 1. Key migration terms

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Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration - Administrative, logistical or financial support, including reintegration assistance, to migrants unable or unwilling to remain in the host country or country of transit and who decide to return to their country of origin.

Bilateral labour migration agreements - Agreements concluded between two States, which are legally binding and are essentially concerned with inter-State cooperation on labour migration.

Biometrics - Automated means of identifying an individual through the measurement of distinguishing physiological or behavioural traits such as fingerprints, face, iris, retina or ear features. Nowadays, it is used also as a synonym of "biometric identifiers", which are the pieces of information that encode a representation of a person's unique biological make up (e.g., fingerprints, retinal scans or voice scans).

Border management - The administration of measures related to authorized movement of persons (regular migration) and goods, whilst preventing unauthorized movement of persons (irregular migration) and goods, detecting those responsible for smuggling, trafficking and related crimes and identifying the victims of such crimes or any other person in need of immediate or longer-term assistance and/or (international) protection.

Climate migration - The movement of a person or groups of persons who, predominantly for reasons of sudden or progressive change in the environment due to climate change, are obliged to leave their habitual place of residence, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, within a State or across an international border.
Source: Warsaw International Mechanism, Executive Committee, Action Area 6: Migration, Displacement and Human Mobility - Submission from the International Organization for Migration (IOM, 2016); M. Traore Chazalnoël and D. Ionesco, Defining Climate Migrants - Beyond Semantics (IOM weblog, 6 June 2016) (last accessed 23 May 2018).

Country of destination - In the migration context, a country that is the destination for a person or a group of persons, irrespective of whether they migrate regularly or irregularly.

Country of origin - In the migration context, a country of nationality or of former habitual residence of a person or group of persons who have migrated abroad, irrespective of whether they migrate regularly or irregularly

Emigration - From the perspective of the country of departure, the act of moving from one's country of nationality or usual residence to another country, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.

Expulsion -A formal act or conduct attributable to a State by which a non-national is compelled to leave the territory of that State. Source: Adapted from United Nations, International Law Commission, Draft Articles on the Expulsion of Aliens, with Commentaries (2014) Art. 2(a).

Family unity (right to) - A family's right to live together and, as a fundamental unit of a society, to receive respect, protection, assistance and support.

Freedom of movement (right to) - In human rights law, a human right comprising three basic elements: freedom of movement within the territory of a country and to choose one's residence, the right to leave any country and the right to return to one's own country.
Source: Adapted from Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted 10 December 1948) UNGA Res 217(A), Art. 13.
In the context of free movement agreements, the freedom of entry and residence into another State that is a party to the agreement.

Humanitarian-admission - An expedited process offering a pathway for admission into a country on a temporary or permanent basis to persons or groups of persons with protection needs. Humanitarian admission can be used for persons in need of protection, including but not limited to refugees, persons with urgent protection needs, migrants in vulnerable situations, extended family members, or persons in need of medical assistance and care.

Humanitarian visa - A visa granting access to and temporary stay in the issuing State for a variable duration to a person on humanitarian grounds as specified in the applicable national or regional law, often aimed at complying with relevant human rights and refugee law.

Immigrant - From the perspective of the country of arrival, a person who moves into a country other than that of his or her nationality or usual residence, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.

Immigration - From the perspective of the country of arrival, the act of moving into a country other than one's country of nationality or usual residence, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.

Integration - The two-way process of mutual adaptation between migrants and the societies in which they live, whereby migrants are incorporated into the social, economic, cultural and political life of the receiving community. It entails a set of joint responsibilities for migrants and communities, and incorporates other related notions such as social inclusion and social cohesion.

Internal migration - The movement of people within a State involving the establishment of a new temporary or permanent residence.
Source: Adapted from International Organization for Migration, World Migration Report 2015.

International migration; - The movement of persons away from their place of usual residence and across an international border to a country of which they are not nationals.

International migration law - The international legal framework governing migration, deriving from various sources of international law that apply to the movement of persons within or between States and regulate States' competence and obligations, migrants' status, rights and duties, as well as international cooperation.

Inter-State Consultation Mechanisms on Migration (ISCM) - State-led, ongoing information- sharing and policy dialogues on the regional, interregional or global level for States with an interest in promoting cooperation in the field of migration.

Irregular migration - Movement of persons that takes place outside the laws, regulations, or international agreements governing the entry into or exit from the State of origin, transit or destination.

Labour migration - Movement of persons from one State to another, or within their own country of residence, for the purpose of employment.

Migrant - An umbrella term, not defined under international law, reflecting the common lay understanding of a person who moves away from his or her place of usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons. The term includes a number of well-defined legal categories of people, such as migrant workers; persons whose particular types of movements are legally-defined, such as smuggled migrants; as well as those whose status or means of movement are not specifically defined under international law, such as international students.

Migration - The movement of persons away from their place of usual residence, either across an international border or within a State.

Migration cycle - Stages of the migration process encompassing departure, in some cases transit through a State, immigration in the State of destination and return.

Migration health - A public health topic which refers to the theory and practice of assessing and addressing migration associated factors that can potentially affect the physical, social and mental well-being of migrants and the public health of host communities.

Migration management - The management and implementation of the whole set of activities primarily by States within national systems or through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, concerning all aspects of migration and the mainstreaming of migration considerations into public policies. The term refers to planned approaches to the implementation and operationalization of policy, legislative and administrative frameworks, developed by the institutions in charge of migration.

Migration profile - An analysis of available accurate and disaggregated data on some or all migration-relevant aspects of a country's national context, prepared in consultation with a broad range of stakeholders, which can be used to enhance policy coherence, evidence-based policymaking on migration and the mainstreaming of migration into development plans.

Non-refoulement (principle of) - The prohibition for States to extradite, deport, expel or otherwise return a person to a country where his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where there are substantial grounds for believing that he or she would risk being subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment, or would be in danger of being subjected to enforced disappearance, or of suffering another irreparable harm.

Permit - In the migration context, documentation, such as a residence or work permit, which is usually issued by a government authority and which evidences the permission a person has to reside and/ or carry out a remunerated activity.

Regular migration - Migration that occurs in compliance with the laws of the country of origin, transit and destination.

Regular migration pathways - Migration schemes or other migration options that allow eligible persons to migrate regularly to the concerned country of destination.

Reintegration - A process which enables individuals to re-establish the economic, social and psychosocial relationships needed to maintain life, livelihood and dignity and inclusion in civic life.

Remittances (migrant) - Private international monetary transfers that migrants make, individually or collectively.

Removal - Also referred to as deportation or, sometimes, expulsion, the act, following a deportation, expulsion or removal order by which a State physically removes a non-national from its territory to his or her country of origin or a third country after refusal of admission or termination of permission to remain.

Safe, orderly and regular migration - Movement of persons in keeping both with the laws and regulations governing exit from, entry and return to and stay in States and with States' international law obligations, in a manner in which the human dignity and well-being of migrants are upheld, their rights are respected, protected and fulfilled and the risks associated with the movement of people are acknowledged and mitigated.

Sovereignty (territorial) - The existence of rights over territory and the authority which a State exercises over all persons and things found on, under or above its territory. An aspect of territorial sovereignty relevant in the context of migration, is the sovereign prerogative of a State to determine the admission and exclusion of non-nationals to and from its territory, within the limits imposed by international law.

Visa - An endorsement by the competent authorities of a State in a passport or a certificate of identity of a non-national who wishes to enter, leave, or transit through the territory of the State that indicates that the authority, at the time of issuance, considers the holder to fall within a category of non-nationals who can enter, leave or transit through the State under the State's laws. A visa establishes the criteria of admission into, transit through or exit from a State.

Vulnerability - Within a migration context, vulnerability is the limited capacity to avoid, resist, cope with, or recover from harm. This limited capacity is the result of the unique interaction of individual, household, community, and structural characteristics and conditions.

Xenophobia - At the international level, no universally accepted definition of xenophobia exists, though it can be described as "attitudes, prejudices and behaviour that reject, exclude and often vilify persons, based on the perception that they are outsiders or foreigners to the community, society or national identity".
Source: Declaration on Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance against Migrants and Trafficked Persons (adopted by the Asia-Pacific NGO Meeting for the World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, Teheran, 18 February 2001) www.hurights.or.jp/wcar/E/tehran/migration.htm last accessed 12 April 2018.

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Alternatives to detention - Any legislation, policy or practice, formal or informal, aimed at preventing the unnecessary detention of persons for reasons relating to their migration status.Source: Adapted from International Detention Coalition, There Are Alternatives: A Handbook for Preventing Unnecessary Immigration Detention (revised edition, 2015) p. 78.