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The statue of Nefertiti was most likely commissioned by her husband, Amenhotep IV, because he wished for people to see her as just as much as the ruler of Egypt as he was. At some points, Nefertiti was even seen wearing the crown of the pharaoh. She soon disappeared and whereabouts were unknown. There are many theories that suggest that she dressed as a man a became a pharaoh of Egypt later in her lifetime, others suggest that her fair husband exiled her from the lands. Either way, many years later a British archeologists uncovered her tomb.
Nefertiti. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2016, from http://www.biography.com/people/nefertiti-9421166#related-video-gallery

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Figure of an Asian captive (1295–1070BCE):

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Figure of an Asian captive (1295–1070BCE):

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This ivory depicts a fettered captive foreigner. "In ancient Egypt, foreigners were a symbol of chaotic and evil forces threatening maat, world order and justice. It was the duty of the king to maintain maat. To portray a foreigner as a bound prisoner not only served to demonstrate the victory over such forces by the king; it was also symbolical reassurance that these threatening forces were defeated and controlled."(Met Museum). When foreigners were interacting with Egyptians in more ordinary, everyday circumstances, it is likely that they would have been considered somewhat inferior because they were not Egyptian.  Being “Egyptian” meant speaking, behaving, dressing, and thinking like an Egyptian. Foreigners were usually caused chaos in Egypt.

Made of wood, carved.

Works Cited:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/545919

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Decorated Jug with Feline-Head Handle (1070–712 BCE):

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Decorated Jug with Feline-Head Handle (1070–712 BCE):

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Silver pouring pitchers were most likely used to serve guests at parties with high ranking officials and even for the pharaoh himself. This pitcher, however, was dedicated to a highly sought after butler named Atumemtaneb. On the top half of the pitcher horses and grasses can be seen, and the pouring handle includes the head of a lion. Was discovered at Tell Basta in 1906 and was purchased by the Metropolitan Museum in 1607.

Works Cited:
Decorated Jug with Feline-Head Handle | Third Intermediate Period | The Met. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2016, from http://metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/545168

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Funerary Mask of Tutankhamun (1332-1322BCE):

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Funerary Mask of Tutankhamun (1332-1322BCE):

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Description:

Made of solid gold and weighing close to 25 pounds, the mask of King Tut bears a striking resemblance in structure with the actual structure if the young King’s face. The similar ears, full lips and nose of King Tut seem to fit with the mask. Whether or not it was intended to be an actual portrait, the mask seems to capture the "boy king."The stripes on the headdress are composed of blue glass, as found on the beard of the mask. The vulture's head on the brow (which is made of solid gold) symbolizes Tut's sovereignty over Upper Egypt. The cobra, next to the vulture, whose body is also made of gold and symbolizes Tut's sovereignty over Lower Egypt. The funerary mask was commissioned by King Tut and Egyptian officials to signify that he was of royalty and should recognized as such in the afterlife.

Works Cited:

Bos, Carole "King Tut's Death Mask and Its Meaning" AwesomeStories.com. Jun 09,2014. Jun 22, 2016. https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/King-Tut-s-Death-Mask-and-Its-Meaning

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Pharmaceutical Jar, Kushite Period, (700BCE)

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Pharmaceutical Jar, Kushite Period, (700BCE)

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Description:

The caption of the jar reads "Special ointment of the Manager of the Red-Crown Enclaves and Chief Physician, Harkhebi." The jar probably belonged to a man lived in the Delta town of Buto; the Red-Crown Enclaves was an ancient area of that town and his name, which means "Horus of Khemmis," refers to the site near Buto where the infant Horus was hidden by his mother, Isis, as described on the Metternich Stela. Its possible that this jar was made to be put in the physicians room, though it was probably a belonging of the deceased.

During this time period, medicine jars did not have the medicine information on them but instead had the information of the doctor who prescribed them.

It was made from different types of clay, the inscription was done by hand.

Works Cited:

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/546177

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Description:

Once located in the Valley Temple of Khafre, it is now located in Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Within the the Valley Temple adjacent of Khafre’s, was over-life-sized statues portraying Khafre as an “enthroned king”. On the back of the throne, the falcon god Horus perches protecting the kings head with his wings. Lions, which is a symbol for power and authority, form the throne’s legs, and the papyrus plants beneath the kings seat symbolizes Khafre’s power over the upper and lower classes of Egypt. The statue is made of Diorite-gabbro gneiss, it is 5ft and 6 and half inches tall.

Works Cited:

Reviews, Cram101 Textbook., Marilyn Stokstad, and Michael W. Cotheren. Studyguide for Art History Volume 1 by Stokstad, Isbn 9780205873487. Fifth ed. Vol. 1. Place of Publication Not Identified: Cram101 Incorporated, 2013. Print.

This photo was taken from a power point that I did last year.

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The Great Spinx, Khafre's Complex (2520-2494BCE):

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The Great Spinx, Khafre's Complex (2520-2494BCE):

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Description:

Khafre’s funerary complex is one of the only complex’s still preserved today. Its pyramid is one of three to have maintained the veneer facing at the top. His complex is most famous for the Great Sphinx that sits behind his valley temple. The Sphinx is a colossal portrait of Khafre’s head mounted on the body of a crouching lion, basically merging the notions of human intelligence with animalistic strength. The Sphinx was carved from the bedrock of the Giza plateau, a single ridge of limestone that is 73 meters long and 20 meters high.

The Sphinx is considered to be one of the largest single-stone statues in the world.

Researchers believe that blocks of stone weighing approximately 200 tons were quarried in the construction phase to build the adjoining Sphinx Temple. It is believed that the Sphinx was constructed in the 4th Dynasty by Pharaoh Khafre, but archaeological and geological research suggests that the Sphinx is far older than the 4th Dynasty. It is one of the few constructions of ancient Egypt that have no inscriptions on its surface, until today not a single symbol has been found on the Sphinx.

Works Cited:

General Research Division, The New York Public Library. Giseh. Sphinx et les pyramides des Chefren et Mankaura. Retrieved from http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47d9-4b9b-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99

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Description:

The Seated Scribe was created by old kingdom sculptors to produce a more life like, relaxed style of statue. It was a more lively and less formal type of statue as compared to statues of kings like Khafre. The portrayal of of the scribes sagging flabby body indicates that he has lived a life free from hard physical labor and has plenty to eat. “It also shows that being a scribe allows your limbs to remain smooth, and for you to have soft hands. As a scribe you would be treated as a man with position and standing, even courtiers will stop and greet you.”(Strouhal, p. 216.) This particular scribe statue sits holding a papyrus scroll in his lap and a reed brush used for writing. The sculptor tried to capture the motion of scribe by making his pupils slightly off center in the irises as if they were seeking contact.

He was made from limestone, crystal, and calcite.

Works Cited:

Art and Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. (1894). Statue of an unknown scribe in the Louvre. Retrieved from http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e4-5513-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99

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Rock-Cut Tombs, Beni Hasan (1938-1756BCE):

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Rock-Cut Tombs, Beni Hasan (1938-1756BCE):

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Description:

Beni Hasan is of a vast necropolis in Egypt, on a steep hillside on the east bank of the Nile, about 155.34 miles south of Cairo. Some of the most important wall paintings in Middle Egypt are contained in the tombs. Egyptian officials had tombs hallowed out of the face of a cliff. The tombs usually contained: an entrance way to a main hall, a burial chamber, an offering chapel, and a shrine to the person who died in the burial chamber. The chambers of the tombs (which included: lintels, trap doors, and columns) were carved into solid rock. An ancient cemetery was created in the cliffs at Beni Hasan, it was located on the east side of the Nile. The interior walls of the tombs were decorated by painted scenes.

Works Cited:

The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Photography Collection, The New York Public Library. (18). Beni Hassen - Nile Retrieved from http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47d9-5fa8-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99

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The Great Pyramid at Giza 2575-2450B.C.E (Khufu's Pyramid)

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The Great Pyramid at Giza 2575-2450B.C.E (Khufu's Pyramid)

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History:

Of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Khufu's Pyramid is the first, and only survivor. It stands 481ft tall. The Great Pyramid of Giza was built for the Fourth Dynasty Pharaoh Khufu and was completed around 2575-2450 B.C.E. It is part of a complex of 3 large pyramids in the Giza Necropolis located in modern Cairo, Egypt. The Great Pyramid is the largest of the three pyramids, and it is part of its own smaller complex that also contain 3 small pyramids that were built for Khufu's wives. Thought to have been built by 20,000 workers, the pyramid took approximately 20 years before it was completed.

Theories:

·      The pyramid was made from 2 ton stone blocks, with the theory being that several men together moved each of the stones by using a ramp and pulley system.

·      Aliens came down to earth and built the pyramids.

·      The pyramids were originally hills, they were created from the top down.

·      Slaves were forced to build the pyramid.

Works Cited:

Art and Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. (1870 - 1900). Sphinx and Great Pyramid. Retrieved from http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e4-4ca6-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99