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- internal crisis leads to western pressure for trade and ports
- opium illegal in China, British smuggled it in
-caused huge     overflow of silver to pay for Opium
- China was dealing with a huge pop. of drug addicts which affected their pop.
-gov. seized illegal opium...British were offended
- British

felt that China should open their trade routes

wanted to show and use their navy

British won victory and forced Chinese to sign first of "unequal Treaties"

Treaty of Nanjing--imposed restrictions on Chinese and made them open up 5 ports to European traders

2nd part of "unequal Treaties" gave less power to Chinese and gave more freedom to European powers to control spheres of influence throughout China

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- Taiping failed to collaborate with other opposition groups--many groups working at conflicting purposes
- Qing moved in and crushed rebellion along with them from Western military powers
- rebellion caused Qing gov. to weaken and for people to be more suspicious of European industrialization

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- Hong Xiuquan lead this rebellion using a unique form of Christianity
-revolutionary change AWAY from old China, abolition of private property, redistribution, end of Opium
-wants equality between men and women
- wanted industrialized society to move forward

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Chinese expansion did not create as much wealth or growth as European imperialism  

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Chinese expansion did not create as much wealth or growth as European imperialism  

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-created pressure on farmers, starvation, impoverishment, and unemployment

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- stable agriculture system, but not able to keep up w/ pop. growth

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China had a pop. boom and couldn't provide for their pop., but Europe could

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Why did China Fail in holding off the West?

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Why did China Fail in holding off the West?

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- European powers had better military, China's military not as great
- they started incorporating trade into communities tying them to the outside world, realizing they're behind so they wanted to make changes
-touched by European culture in some areas (language, Christianity, etc.)
- saw that Europe had technological advancements, scientific thought, and nationalism so they engaged in them

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Why Did China face so much outside pressure

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Why Did China face so much outside pressure

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- had all they needed: resources, technology
- didn't need trade with other nations, but other nations needed them
- had access to trade routes & other areas of land
-weak--due to internal conflict & struggle

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positives & negatives to industrial revolution

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positives & negatives to industrial revolution

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positives:
-mass production
-empires larger
-improve militaries
negatives:
-deaths of African cultures

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1) Religion: Christian missionaries wanted to help African and Asians and worked to carry the "white Man's Burden"
2) Militarism:
3) Social Darwinism:
4) Industrialization:
5) Nationalism:

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Measure of the quality of life based on material goods

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Factories produced more goods than those of any other country.
The British Navy guarded the oceans so that those goods could be shipped safely to ports around the globe.
British banks loaned the money needed to build factories, mines, and railroads, worldwide.

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1st wave: 1750-1850's, Iron and Steam Power, Britain was on top
2nd wave: 1850-1900's, steel, electricity, and chemicals, involved U.S., Germany, Belgium

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Marxist view: proletariats were going to rebel against capitalism. Proletariats would survive and take over. This would form a class-less society which would even out the wealth.
Reality: the standard of living rose, which made people happier about their jobs. They protest and get the laws changed.

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The panicked rush of the Europeans countries to get resources and power. Africa became weaker overall from this event. This event also spread many European ideas.

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- he had more of a positive impact on the rest of the of the world than China
- China saw him as a downfall and did not like him
- he went around curing people and making great voyages

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- other parts of world were successful
- dominate others and use resources and ideas to their advantage
- cause fighting, new ideas, breaking off of other groups
- minority side with them--cause rebellion

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Europe is center, put themselves as center of world map

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China: had 2 different philosophies, Encyclopedia, their population was greatly reduced by the plague, power was in the Emperor,s hand, the best governed, expeditions to south china sea
Europe: population was greatly reduced by the plague, power was controlled by the church and the parliament

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Paleolithic= hunter gatherer tribes
- smaller groups of people that subsisted on moving around and hunting and gathering their food
- In the end, agriculture take over and pushed a lot of hunting and gathering people to nonexistence

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- Europe to Africa: finished product manufactured
- Africa to North/South America: Slaves
- North/South America to Europe: cash crops crops, resources

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africans leaving their native homeland and settle other places all over the worls

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Guns, Germs, and Steel
- Guns trump everything, they help eliminate people, they are more capable of taking groups of people over
- Germs- there are diseases spreading, it is where the start of human life began, people are trading/spreading germs
- Steel is great to make weapons, machines, and farming tools with, and it helps create new foods from agriculture
-European powers were physically closer to Americas than Asia counterparts
-Europe needed to find new land and resources
-Disease immunity that natives in Americas didn't have 90-95% of pop. Decimated, Caribbean peoples vanished in 50 yrs. after Columbus's arrival

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- llamas
- potatoes, beans, corn, blueberries, tomatoes, avocados, pumpkins, squash, tomatoes, peanuts, beans
- syphilis

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- mined in South America in city called Patosi
-patosi: portrait of hell
-family had funeral for
anyone drafted
- slaves are mining
- reason for mining silver: to trade for spices in Asia
- china has most silver

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promotes competition between big powers

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- land, space, food, resources
- small pox
- pigs, horses, cows, oxen
- wheat, grapes
- turnips, coffee beans, cotton, sugar cane, cattle, sheep, horses, wheat, rice

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The Colombian Exchange includes grains, animals, and diseases being spread to and from the Old World and the New World

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pope and church hierarchy, apostolic succession, importance of sacraments, pray to God, Mary, and Saints, transubstantiation

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The Exchange of Goods:
-plants and animals developed in very different ways
Sharing Discoveries:
-arrival of Europeans in Americas changed all this

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rely only on their faith and the bible, bread and wine have a spiritual significance, don't pray to saints and Mary, don't have images and very simple in church

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happened between rich people, most normal people didn't know what was happening

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Catholics clarified and reaffirmed their unique doctrines

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went against needing the authority of the Church-only need the bible

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shattered the unity of Roman Catholic Christianity