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The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic incident that occurred between the United States and France in 1797. In an attempt to avert war with Great Britain, the U.S. signed the Jay Treaty in 1795.

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Writs of assistance were first authorized by an act of the English Parliament in 1660 and were issued by the Court of Exchequer to help customs officials search for smuggled goods.

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A revolt of settlers in western Pennsylvania in 1794 against a federal excise tax on whiskey suppressed by militia called out by President George Washington to establish the authority of the federal government.

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The Virginia Plan, also known as the Randolph Plan, was its sponsor, or the Large-State Plan was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

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The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War.

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The peace Treaty of Ghent was signed on December 24, 1814 between Great Britain and the United States that concluded the 32 month War of 1812 which ended in a stalemate. Also refer to Facts about the War of 1812.

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The Townshend Acts imposed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported into the colonies.

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The Three-Fifths Compromise was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention.

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Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers.

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The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power.

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Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.

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The Connecticut Compromise also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman's Compromise was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution.

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The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799. Its heart is in the French Revolution, but so is the guillotine.

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An assembly of delegates from the thirteen colonies that soon became the thirteen states. It governed during the Revolutionary War and under the Articles of Confederation. The Continental Congress first met in 1774, before the revolution.

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The supporters of the proposed Constitution called themselves "Federalists." Their adopted name implied a commitment to a loose, decentralized system of government.

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The Stamp Act, passed in 1765, was a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament on the colonies of British America.Similar to the Sugar Act, the purpose of the tax was to help pay for troops stationed in North America after the British victory in the Seven Years' War.

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The Sons of Liberty was an organization of American colonists that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government. They played a major role in most colonies in battling the Stamp Act in 1765.

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Shays' Rebellion is the name given to a series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt.

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In national politics, sectionalism is loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole. It is often a precursor to separatism.

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Women's role in society was altered by the American Revolution. If the republic were to succeed, women must be schooled in virtue so they could teach their children.

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Quartering Act is a name given to a minimum of two Acts of British Parliament in the local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with any needed accommodations or housing. It also required colonists to provide food for any British soldiers in the area.

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The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War, the Seven Year War, which forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.

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Pontiac's Rebellion was a war waged by Indians of the Great Lakes region against British rule after the French and Indian War.

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Pinckney's Treaty known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain.

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The Patriots also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs were those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation.

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John Dickinson drafted the Olive Branch Petition, which was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5 and submitted to King George on July 8, 1775. It was an attempt to assert the rights of the colonists while maintaining their loyalty to the British crown.

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The concept of Federalism is one that underlies all concepts about the power of government in the US system.

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The Embargo Act of 1807 imposed a general embargo that made any and all exports from the U.S illegal. It was sponsored by President Thomas Jefferson and enacted by Congress. The goal was to force Britain and France to respect American rights during the Napoleonic Wars.

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The binding or obligatory force of something that is morally or legally right, moral or legal obligation.

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The Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House which announced that the 13 American colonies, then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states that are no longer under British rule.

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The Annapolis Convention delegates from 5 states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation.

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Common Sense challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. The plain language that Paine used spoke to the common people of America and was the first work to openly ask for independence from Great Britain.

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Capitalism an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.

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Northwest Ordinance was formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States,North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the The Ordinance of 1787) was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States.

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This Act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports. Its intent was to damage the economies of the United Kingdom and France.

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Non-importation Agreements were a series of commercial restrictions adopted by American colonists to protest British revenue policies prior to the American Revolution.

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Minutemen were civilian colonists who independently organized to form well-prepared militia companies self-trained in weaponry, tactics, and military strategies from the American colonial partisan militia during the American Revolutionary War. The minutemen were among the first to fight in the American Revolution.

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Marbury V. Madison was a landmark The United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.

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Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War.

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The Louisiana Purchase was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.

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The Ordinance of 1785 put the 1784 resolution in operation by providing a mechanism for selling and settling the land, while the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 addressed political needs.

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Kentucky and Virginia were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.

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Intolerable Acts is a series of British measures passed in 1774 and designed to punish the Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party.

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Impressment refers to the men who were captured and forced into naval service. While many nations at various times in history have employed a policy of impressment, the term is usually used in reference to Great Britain's Royal Navy.

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The Cabinet is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States, who are generally the heads of the federal executive departments.

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The Boston Tea Party is were Boston colonists disguised as Indians threw several hundred chests of tea into the harbor as a protest against British taxes on tea and against the monopoly granted the East India Company.

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A riot in Boston had Boston colonists toward British troops quartered in the city, in which the troops fired on the mob and killed several people.

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In the United States the Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the Constitution. The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to provide specific freedoms to citizens and limit the power of the government.

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A bicameral legislature is one in which the legislators are divided into two separate assemblies, chambers or houses.

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Its an agreement among the thirteen original states, approved in 1781, that provided a loose federal government before the present Constitution went into effect in 1789.

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Antifederalists is a person who opposed the ratification of the Constitution.