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krishna vardhan                                 REFERENCES & SOURCES; 

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krishna vardhan                                 REFERENCES & SOURCES; 

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MICROSOFT WORD APA :

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BOOK : BLACK HOLES & BABY                                         UNIVERSES                                                                  AUTHOR :  STEPHEN HAWKING                                                             YEAR OF PUBLICATION : 1993                                                                  PUBLISHER: BANTAM BOOKS                                                                   GENRES : POPULAR SCIENCE                                                                  PRECEDED BY : A BRIEF                                            HISTORY OF TIME                                                              FOLLOWED BY : THE UNIVERSE                                 IN A NUT SHELL

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BOOK : BLACK HOLES & BABY                                         UNIVERSES                                                                  AUTHOR :  STEPHEN HAWKING                                                             YEAR OF PUBLICATION : 1993                                                                  PUBLISHER: BANTAM BOOKS                                                                   GENRES : POPULAR SCIENCE                                                                  PRECEDED BY : A BRIEF                                            HISTORY OF TIME                                                              FOLLOWED BY : THE UNIVERSE                                 IN A NUT SHELL

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SO MAKE A USE OF IT FOR A                              BETTER                                           HEALTHY                                              FUTURE                                       GENERATION !!!!!!!!!!

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SO MAKE A USE OF IT FOR A                              BETTER                                           HEALTHY                                              FUTURE                                       GENERATION !!!!!!!!!!

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b)            RECYCLING                                                                                                 A POLLUTION                                         FREE                                             ENVIRONMENT 

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b)            RECYCLING                                                                                                 A POLLUTION                                         FREE                                             ENVIRONMENT 

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METHOD:

The Penrose Process would allow a spaceship to go into the ergosphere of a black hole, dump its garbage into the black hole, then leave traveling with more energy than it did before. However, this would not work unless the ship is traveling at relativistic speed, and the garbage would need to be a substantial fraction of the spaceship mass.

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SO IT'S OUR RESPONSIBILITY TO MAKE A BETTER USE OF IT MAINLY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LIKE                                                 INDIA !!!!!!!

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SO IT'S OUR RESPONSIBILITY TO MAKE A BETTER USE OF IT MAINLY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LIKE                                                 INDIA !!!!!!!

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a)           ELECTRICAL                                            POWER                                           GENERATION ----

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a)           ELECTRICAL                                            POWER                                           GENERATION ----

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The Blandford-Znajek process is a way that a rotating black hole can have its spin extracted to generate electric currents. This process is far more efficient than nuclear fusion.Theoretically at least, a civilization could build superconducting coils around a rotating blackhole and power would be transmitted along magnetic field lines threading into the black hole and the coils. I should note though that the power would probably come in the form of waves of plasma particles.

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I WOULD SURELY DO A RESEARCH ON USE OF BLACK HOLES FOR                                                      !!!!! ECONOMIC                                    DEVELOPMENT!!!!!!!!!!

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I WOULD SURELY DO A RESEARCH ON USE OF BLACK HOLES FOR                                                      !!!!! ECONOMIC                                    DEVELOPMENT!!!!!!!!!!

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Yes! It's a challenging task to the ENGINEERS and SCIENTISTS to extract as much economic benefit as possible.

METHODS :

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b) JUST LIKE IN MOVIES, YOU CAN REALLY GET A TICKET                                   TO                                         TRAVEL THROUGH                                    PAST LIFE !!!!

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b) JUST LIKE IN MOVIES, YOU CAN REALLY GET A TICKET                                   TO                                         TRAVEL THROUGH                                    PAST LIFE !!!!

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IT'S NOT ONLY IN MOVIES BUT ALSO IN OUR DAILY LIFE WE HAVE A CHANCE.

EXPLANATION:

The Kerr metric includes closed time like curves which is violently unstable and would be destroyed by even a ray of light. But again, if you can bend physics, who knows? Just hold them stable! Heck, just prop the ring singularity open and jump to a parallel Universe!

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a) CONGRATULATIONS!!!! YOU HAVE A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY                             TO                                     JUMP AHEAD TO THE                                  FUTURE  !!!!!!                                                                           

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a) CONGRATULATIONS!!!! YOU HAVE A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY                             TO                                     JUMP AHEAD TO THE                                  FUTURE  !!!!!!                                                                           

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Yes Friends,it's true.

EXPLANATION:

Thisone is easy. Find a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole. Park just outside the event horizon and wait a bit. You will find a much longer time has passed in the rest of the world.

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      FEASIBLE                                                        APPLICATIONS                                  OF                                                    BLACK HOLES

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      FEASIBLE                                                        APPLICATIONS                                  OF                                                    BLACK HOLES

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If we actually deal with the applications of black holes,

I personally feel that those which are closest to practicality are --------------

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purneshwar                                          feasible applications of micro blackhole:

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purneshwar                                          feasible applications of micro blackhole:

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1.Hazardous waste disposal

2.oil or mining exploration etc.. there are many practical uses of micro blackhole.

for more results

refer http://www.secrettechnology.com/blackholes/collider.html

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Purneshwar                  Applications:

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Purneshwar                  Applications:

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1.The main application where the blackholes are used is that a lot of energy is stored in blackholes.

This is a theoritical application of blackholes to get that energy which is very difficult.

2.RECYCLING:

The Process would allow a spaceship to go into a black hole, dump its garbage into the black hole, then leave traveling with more energy than it did before.

3.Spaceship Engines: Some have proposed a micro black hole's Hawking radiation could be used to move a spaceship forward with the help of a reflective mirror

The above applications are difficult to apply

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Sparsh                successful area of application

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Sparsh                successful area of application

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Using radiation to measure distances is a general method in astronomy, but until now black holes have never been used to help measure these distances. By adding together measurements of the amount of energy being emitted from the vicinity of the black hole to the amount of radiation which reaches Earth, it's possible to infer the distance to the black hole itself.

So one can know about the safety in living on earth or on any planet by knowing the distance between earth and the nearest black hole and ensuring that it is greater than the nearest event horizon.

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Sparsh                 Feasibility of applications

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Sparsh                 Feasibility of applications

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1)If any space ship is able to revolve around a black hole,then the people on board will notice the time running slower .

But it is not feasible at present because a space ship needs to be projected so that it revolves around a super massive black hole rather than being sucked into it.

2)Spent fuel in nuclear fission reactions which are potential poisons for all the life on earth can be thrown into a black hole. All that has to be done is to take a room(in a space craft) made of lead walls containing nuclear hazards to the event horizon .

So it is feasible.

3)The age of galaxies can be estimated based on the activity of the super massive black hole present at its center.

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1)Black holes may be used as a means of time travelling.

2)Disposal of nuclear wastes.

3)the age of galaxies can be determined by studying the super massive black hole present to its center

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1)event horizon

It is the maximum distance between a black hole and a body so thatthe body is pulled by the black hole.

2)attractant

It is something that attracts something which i mistook to be attractor.

3)hypernova

When a super massive star runs out of fuel ,it collapses under its own gravity and explodes giving hundreds of times of energy the sun gives in its entire lifetime. These explosions result in the formation of black holes.

4)Schwarzschild radius

Every object has a radius within which its mass, if condensed, would require a gravitational escape speed equal to the speed of light.

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A scientist at Ohio State University propsed a 'fuzzball' theory

It says that the surface of a black hole is not a destructive inferno

Instead it creates imperfect copies or holograms of everything it touches

This could allow for the theory that the universe is a hologram

Standing on the surface of a black hole would create a near-perfect copy of yourself, a new paper has claimed.

The bizarre 'fuzzball' theory says that a black hole's boundary does not destroy everything that it touches.

Instead, according to the theory, black holes are far more timid - and we wouldn't even notice if Earth was swallowed by one.

The theory was proposed by Dr Samir Mathur from Ohio State University (OSU).

The hypothesis is at odds with the current mainstream theory, which suggests that black holes have 'firewalls', which destroy everything they touch.

But Dr Mathur says that material touching a black hole instead becomes an imperfect copy of itself, continuing to exist as before.

'They see black holes not as killers, but rather as benign copy machines of a sort,' said Pam Gorder, writing for OSU, of Dr Mathur's latest research.

In 2003 he first formulated his fuzzball theory, which suggested that black holes had a defined - but 'fuzzy' - surface.

At the time, he said that material didn't actually fall into black holes, but rather it fell on to them.

One appealing consequence of this is that it allows for the theory that the universe is a hologram.

The holographic principle suggests that, like the security chip on your credit card, there is a surface in another dimension, possibly a fourth or further, that we can't see.

This surface contains all the information needed to describe a three-dimensional object - which in this case is our universe.

In essence, the principle claims that data containing a description of 3D objects - such as the device you're reading this on - could be hidden in a region of this flattened, 'real' version of the universe.

But according to Dr Mathur, if the more popular firewall theory for black holes is true, 'then the idea of the universe as a hologram has to be wrong.'

Since 2003, he has thus been attempting to improve his fuzzball theory. At the time, physicists called it into question, as they said perfect 'copies' or holograms could not be made.

Dr Mathur has now advanced his theory in a new paper in Arxiv, though, and instead says the copies are imperfect.

This imperfection is key, as it not only allows for copies to form, but also takes into account that not all black holes are the same.

'There's no such thing as a perfect black hole, because every black hole is different,' Dr Mathur explained.

In cosmology, imperfection is very important. The only reason that the universe exists at all today is that it was imperfect after the Big Bang.

This enabled gravity to draw matter together and form the stars, planets and galaxies.

Dr Mathur says that more work will be needed to prove that either the fuzzball or firewall theory is correct.

'It's a simple question, really. Do you accept the idea of imperfection, or do you not?'

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Black holes are not deadly, according to new theory

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A scientist at Ohio State University propsed a 'fuzzball' theory It says that the surface of a black hole is not a destructive inferno Instead it creates imperfect copies or holograms of everything it touches This could allow for the theory that the universe is a hologram Standing on the surface of a black hole would create a near-perfect copy of yourself, a new paper has claimed.

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Black Holes - Mysteries Of The Universe HD Documentary

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                 APPLICATIONS                                          OF                                 BLACK HOLES

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                 APPLICATIONS                                          OF                                 BLACK HOLES

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The study on black holes has many INTERESTING!!!!!!!!!! APPLICATONS------------

1) OIL / MINING EXPLORATIONS

2) IN SUPER COMPUTERS -NUMERICAL RELATIVITY

3) !!!!!!!!!!!!!! SOURCE OF ENERGY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

4) HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL

5) SPACESHIP ENGINEERING

& ANTIMATTER FARMING

6)ENERGY APPLICATIONS IN

!!QUANTUM MECHANICS!!!

7) USED AS A SENSOR APPLICATION IN !!!SMART PHONES!!!!

8) FINDING MASS OF MICROSCOPIC PARTICLES LIKE PHOTONS FOR SCIENTISTS

9) MEASURING UNIVERSE'S RATE OF EXPANSION

10) !!!!!!!!!!!! IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!!

AEROSPACE & <DEFENCE> RESEARCH.

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A) EVENT HORIZON-

The dividing line inside and outside of black holes.

B) GENERAL RELATIVITY-

The theory of ALBERT EINSTEIN on the stellar objects in universe.

C) WHITE DWARF-

The hot dense core of a once-normal star like the sun.

D) SUPERNOVA-

The violent stellar explosion that canshine as brightly as an galaxy.

E) NEUTRON STAR-

Star born with about 8 to 20 times the mass of sun.

F) CHANDRASEKHAR LIMIT-

The maximum mass of a white dwarf,1.4 solar masses.Beyond this mass,it collapses into neutron star.

G) ACCRETION DISK-

A swirling disk of gas and dust orbiting a star or black hole.

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Purneshwar                                                                                NEW TERMS:

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Purneshwar                                                                                NEW TERMS:

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1.STELLAR BLACKHOLE:

A stellar black hole  is a black hole formed by the gravitational collapse of a massive star. They have masses ranging from about 5 to several tens of solar masses. These black holes are also referred to as collapsars

2.SUPERMASSIVE BLACKHOLE:

A supermassive black hole  is the largest type of  black hole, on the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses, and is found in the center of almost all massive galaxies.

3.Gamma ray bursts:

These are the flashes of gamma rays associated with extremely energetic explosions observed in distant galaxies released when a rapidly rotating star collapses to form a blackhole

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Purneshwar                                Questionnaire@

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Purneshwar                                Questionnaire@

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Hii friends, try to get YES OR NO QUESTIONS

1. Will our sun become blackhole?

2.Will our universe becomes blackhole?

3.Can we use the energy stored in blackholes for mankind?

4.Can we see black holes?

MCQ

1.Who coined the term blackhole?

1.Einstein

2.John wheeler

3.stephen hawking

2.Who rejected existence of black holes?

1.Einstein

2.C.V.Raman

3.Issac Newton

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Target audience----students of BPHC

1)When stars die, they become black holes if they have masses of at least:

a)Half the mass of the sun

b)Three times the mass of the sun

c)Twice the mass of the sun

2)What would be the size of earth if it had the density of a black hole?

a)golf ball b)same size c)foot ball d)size of the sun

3)What is CHANDRASEKHAR LIMIT?

a) The maximum mass a white dwarf star can contain without becoming a neutron star or black hole.

b)The minimum density of a black hole.

c)The maximum mass of a black hole.

4)What is the strongest attractant of matter?

a)black holes b)sun

c)earth d)moon

5)Can a black hole emit anything in any possible case?

a)yes b)no

6) black holes have:

a)Infinite volume b)Infinite density c)Infinite mass

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Supermassive "Black Hole" and Quasar in the center of a Galaxy Part 2

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How the Universe Works is a mini-series that originally aired on the Discovery Channel April 25, 2010 to May 24, 2010. It was narrated by Mike Rowe. This is just a small part from my favorite episode about so called "Black Holes" (original air date May 2, 2010) directed by Peter Chinn.

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sparsh                     Role of a black hole in the formation of a galaxy

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sparsh                     Role of a black hole in the formation of a galaxy

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Supermassive "black hole" in the center of our galaxy" part 1

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How the Universe Works is a mini-series that originally aired on the Discovery Channel April 25, 2010 to May 24, 2010 narrated by Mike Rowe. This is just a small part from my favorite episode "Black Holes" (original air date May 2, 2010) directed by Peter Chinn. _________________________

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sparsh         Exception or a new category of the kind???

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sparsh         Exception or a new category of the kind???

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The central supermassive black hole of a recently discovered galaxy has been found to be far larger than should be possible, according to current theories of galactic evolution. New work, carried out by astronomers at Keele University and the University of Central Lancashire, shows that the black hole is much more massive than it should be, compared to the mass of the galaxy around it. The scientists publish their results in a paper in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

The galaxy, SAGE0536AGN, was initially discovered with NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope in infrared light. Thought to be at least 9 billion years old, it contains an active galactic nucleus (AGN), an incredibly bright object resulting from the accretion of gas by a central supermassive black hole. The gas is accelerated to high velocities due to the black hole's immense gravitational field, causing this gas to emit light.

The team has now also confirmed the presence of the black hole by measuring the speed of the gas moving around it. Using the Southern African Large Telescope, the scientists observed that an emission line of hydrogen in the galaxy spectrum (where light is dispersed into its different colours -- a similar effect is seen using a prism) is broadened through the Doppler Effect, where the wavelength (colour) of light from objects is blue- or red-shifted depending on whether they are moving towards or away from us. The degree of broadening implies that the gas is moving around at high speed, a result of the strong gravitational field of the black hole.

These data have been used to calculate the black hole's mass: the more massive the black hole, the broader the emission line. The black hole in SAGE0536AGN was found to be 350 million times the mass of the Sun. But the mass of the galaxy itself, obtained through measurements of the movement of its stars, has been calculated to be 25 billion solar masses. This is seventy times larger than that of the black hole, but the black hole is still thirty times larger than expected for this size of galaxy.

"Galaxies have a vast mass, and so do the black holes in their cores. This one though is really too big for its boots -- it simply shouldn't be possible for it to be so large," said Dr Jacco van Loon, an astrophysicist at Keele University and the lead author on the new paper.

In ordinary galaxies the black hole would grow at the same rate as the galaxy, but in SAGE0536AGN the black hole has grown much faster, or the galaxy stopped growing prematurely. Because this galaxy was found by accident, there may be more such objects waiting to be discovered. Time will tell whether SAGE0536AGN really is an oddball, or simply the first in a new class of galaxies.

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black holes; galaxies; astronomy; astrophysics; stars; space telescopes; space exploration; solar flare

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Too big for its boots: Black hole is 30 times expected size

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The central supermassive black hole of a recently discovered galaxy has been found to be far larger than should be possible, according to current theories of galactic evolution. New work shows that the black hole is much more massive than it should be, compared to the mass of the galaxy around it.

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sparsh             Event horizon=death horizon.....

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sparsh             Event horizon=death horizon.....

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sparsh   Black holes.....Natural time machines??

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sparsh   Black holes.....Natural time machines??

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Stephen Hawking - Black Hole Time Travel

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sparsh            mind blowing facts about black holes.....

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sparsh            mind blowing facts about black holes.....

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From being spaghettified to nothing, even light, escaping its grasp, we count 10 amazing facts about black holes. Subscribe (new video every day) - http://bit.ly/TopMediaYT Legal notes ---------- Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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sparsh          Worried about earth???..... Well these giants can even swallow stars

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sparsh          Worried about earth???..... Well these giants can even swallow stars

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How a Distant Black Hole Devoured a Star

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Two studies appearing in the Aug. 25 issue of the journal Nature provide new insights into a cosmic accident that has been streaming X-rays toward Earth since late March.

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sparsh    What if a black hole comes to us???

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sparsh    What if a black hole comes to us???

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sparsh     What if we go near a black hole???

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sparsh     What if we go near a black hole???

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sparsh     THE FOLLOWING ARE THE SOURCES OF INFORMATION (post proof))

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sparsh     THE FOLLOWING ARE THE SOURCES OF INFORMATION (post proof))

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I googled for articles and journals on black holes and abandoned many smaller ones and finally selected the longest article. I posted the the relevant link to the instructor's e-mail id and also posted it on padlet. I even referred various related videos on you tube.

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sparsh               Where are black holes located?

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sparsh               Where are black holes located?

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Super massive black holes are mostly located at the centers of the galaxies.It is thought that the mass of a galaxy and that of a black hole are dependent on each other.But a recent observation was contradictory to this.

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sparsh      What happens when one enters a black hole????

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sparsh      What happens when one enters a black hole????

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It is usually believed that a black hole is the gateway of another universe. Once one steps over the EVENT HORIZON, then one has fallen off the edge of the universe for all intents and purposes.

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sparsh            What constitutes a black hole?

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sparsh            What constitutes a black hole?

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Black hole is nothing but super condensed light , energy , mass and anything and everything that comes in its way.

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sparsh           What is the size of a black hole?

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sparsh           What is the size of a black hole?

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Primordial black holes(smallest of the kind) are as small as an atom but with the mass of a large mountain.

Stellar black holes (medium sized) weigh up to 20-30 times the mass of the sun.

Super massive black holes(largest black holes) have mass up to four million times that of a sun and would fit into a ball with a diameter about the size of the sun.

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sparsh      When and how does a black hole form?

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sparsh      When and how does a black hole form?

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Black holes usually form when the center of a very massive star collapses in upon itself. i.e, when a star runs out of fuel and dies

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 Sparsh              Summary:                                                  Black holes...........prison of light!!!

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 Sparsh              Summary:                                                  Black holes...........prison of light!!!

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Black hole is nothing but a very small body compared to its mass. It is so dense that if our earth had the density of a black hole,it would be the size of a golf ball. By its overwhelming gravity,it sucks everything that comes in its way (including light) and compresses the matter more and more to an extremely small volume which is comparable to a long DNA chain being coiled and super compressed to a very small nucleus. Although black holes have the power to hoover up anything and everything that stays too close, they can't hunt. So, we are safe on earth until our earth approaches an event horizon. Event horizon is the minimum distance required by a black hole to suck anything.

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Sir,
We have selected BLACK HOLES as our topic of discussion on padlet . Here is the link to the article by :
Dr.Richard Smith

http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/blackholes/story.htm

Thank you.

Regards,
Bhogavilli Sparsh ( student of LS3)

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SPARSH,

1) ACCORDING TO STEPHEN HAWKING BLACK HOLES DO NOT EXIST. IS IT TRUE?

a)yes b)no

FRIENDS,

2) IN WHAT WAY ARE THE SCIENTISTS ARE GOING TO USE THE RESEARCH STUDIES ON BLACK HOLES?

3) WHAT ACCORDING TO NASA WOULD BE THE BEST ECONOMICAL USE OF BLACK HOLES???????

4) THE MAIN QUESTION IS WHETHER THE PRESENT TECHNOLOGY IS SUFFICIENT TO DEAL WITH RESEARCH----

A) yes B) no

5) DO SCIENTISTS TAKE INTO ACCOUNT STEPHEN HAWKING PROOF ON NON-EXISTENCE OF BLACK HOLES?

ITS A CHALLENGE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TO STEPHEN HAWKING.....

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REFERENCES

1. BIRTH OF BLACK HOLE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8grTbzAo0PA

2. JOURNEY INTO BLACK HOLE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI9CvipHl_c

3. USES OF BLACKHOLE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QusNHDjDBFs

4. ENERGY OF BLACK HOLE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nHBGFKLHZQ

5.FALLING INTO BLACK HOLE


http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/schw.shtml

6.ABOUT BLACK HOLE

http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/BHfaq.html

7.BLACKHOLE EFFECTS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0Q3yk7KzYA

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about article:

It was WRITTEN by Blandford, R. ; Dept. of Theor. Astrophys., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA

PUBLISHED IN Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 2000 IEEE  (Volume:1 )

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1ARTICLE by BLANDFORD:

Discoveries over the past several years have taken the study of classical blackholes out of the hands of relativists and into the realm of observational astronomy and astrophysics. We now know, beyond all reasonable doubt, that blackholes are usually present in the nuclei of normal galaxies with masses millions to billions that of the sun. Stellar mass blackholes, whose births may sometimes be marked by gamma-ray bursts, are also plentiful within our Galaxy and show many similar behaviors to their giant counterparts on correspondingly shorter timescales. These observations are forcing us to re-think howblackholes release energy from accreting gas and power their radiant emission and outflowing jets and winds. Blackholes also appear to account for a larger fraction of the luminosity budget of the Universe than previously thought and, consequently, are likely to have an important role in the formation of galaxies

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BIRTH OF BLACK HOLES

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Purneshwar                    Questions:

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Purneshwar                    Questions:

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1. can anything ever escape from blackhole?

nothing can escape.even the light because of high gravitational attraction so it would have no color

2.Do black holes exist?

yes,they exist according to some scientists

3.does any black hole exist near our earth?

no ..if we have one we would not have the life to talk about it...it is present at large distance of 1600 light years named V4641 SAGITTARII

4. how black holes are formed?

when a star collapses after many years ,all those matter constitute to form the black hole.

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purneshwar                                                          Summary 

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purneshwar                                                          Summary 

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Among the most fascinating objects that astronomers today can study are collapsed corpses of massive stars called BLACK HOLES . Around these incredibly dense stars gravity becomes so strong that nothing ,not even Light can escape. These black holes are often seen at the centre of large galaxies as they consume their neighbour pulling in large quantities of dust,gas and large bodies. USES: Black holes contains lot of energy in them .

Writer describes what is black hole ,how it is formed....

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PURNESHWAR                                                                                                           BLACK HOLES (A NASA ARTICLE):

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PURNESHWAR                                                                                                           BLACK HOLES (A NASA ARTICLE):

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What Is a Black Hole?
An artist's drawing a black hole named Cygnus X-1. It formed when a large star caved in. This black hole pulls matter from blue star beside it.Credits: NASA/CXC/M.WeissAn artist's drawing shows the current view of the Milky Way galaxy. Scientific evidence shows that in the middle of the Milky Way is a supermassive black hole.Credits: NASA/JPL-CaltechThis image of the center of the Milky Way galaxy was taken by the Chandra X-ray Observatory.Credits: NASA/CXC/MIT/F.K. Baganoff et al.Sagittarius A* is the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.Credits: X-ray: NASA/UMass/D.Wang et al., IR: NASA/STScI
This article is part of the NASA Knows! (Grades K-4) series.

A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.

Because no light can get out, people can't see black holes. They are invisible. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently than other stars.

How Big Are Black Holes?
Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or "stuff," in an object.

Another kind of black hole is called "stellar." Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many, many stellar mass black holes in Earth's galaxy. Earth's galaxy is called the Milky Way.

The largest black holes are called "supermassive." These black holes have masses that are more than 1 million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy is called Sagittarius A. It has a mass equal to about 4 million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.

How Do Black Holes Form?
Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began.

Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or collapses. When this happens, it causes a supernova. A supernova is an exploding star that blasts part of the star into space.

Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.

If Black Holes Are "Black," How Do Scientists Know They Are There?
A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting, a black hole.

When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light can not be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.

Could a Black Hole Destroy Earth?
Black holes do not go around in space eating stars, moons and planets. Earth will not fall into a black hole because no black hole is close enough to the solar system for Earth to do that.

Even if a black hole the same mass as the sun were to take the place of the sun, Earth still would not fall in. The black hole would have the same gravity as the sun. Earth and the other planets would orbit the black hole as they orbit the sun now.

The sun will never turn into a black hole. The sun is not a big enough star to make a black hole.

How Is NASA Studying Black Holes?
NASA is using satellites and telescopes that are traveling in space to learn more about black holes. These spacecraft help scientists answer questions about the universe.

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purneshwar                                   HOW I FOUND

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purneshwar                                   HOW I FOUND

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i found the article from google when i was searching for an article on BLACK HOLES,from a website of NASA.which would be more useful regarding things of astronomical

THE OTHER I FOUND WHEN I WAS BROWSING IN IEEE

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I have gone through all the recent scientific investigations processed through NASA, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHY.I have been through many articles named THE BLACK HOLE TEST,GOLDILOCKS BLACK HOLES and

THE QUANTUM BLACK HOLE by ALBERT EINSTEIN.

The main purpose is to get answers to all the FAQ'S on black holes. I referred many YOUTUBE videos

Travel INSIDE a Black Hole and many.

I have gone through the ENCYCLOPEDIA book for going deep into facts.

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1)DO BLACK HOLES REALLY EXIST?

Probably.Astronomers have discovered quite a few objects that can only be explained as black holes.

2)WILL OUR SUN BECOME A BLACK HOLE?

No.Stars like the sun just aren't massive enough to become black holes.

3)WHAT IS THE BIGGEST BLACK HOLE?

It will be about three billion times the mass of the sun.

4)CAN ANYTHING .EVER ESCAE FROM A BLACK HOLE?

Nothing that falls into a black hole can come back out again--atleast not in its original form.

5)HOW LONG DO THEY EXIST?

Stephen hawking,the British physicists proved that black holes leak,will evaporate entirely but it takes trillions upon trillions upon many trillions of years.

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SUPRISE!!!!!!!!

In just about a year lets be ready to see a black hole.Yes it's true! Sag A* is pulling a G2 so form a planet size observatory called the EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE,which produces image of a black hole in action.matter hurtling towards the black hole produces a lot of frictional heat.The black holes churn up the old stars and passes gases which eventually form-NEW STARS refreshing the galaxy like a fountain of YOUTH.

It's important to clarify that-

Black holes don't suck us all in.A black hole has no more vacuuming power than a regular star;it"s just possesses extraordinary grip for it's size. time and black holes have a strange relationships. It's a unbelievable fact that for every minute you spend thee,a thousand years will pass on earth.

If you are inside it a person watching from outside will not see you fall in.You will appear frozen at the holes edge.

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The link to journal on black holes is http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/03/black-holes/finkel-text

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                    BLACK HOLES

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                    BLACK HOLES

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BLACK HOLE - A STAR EATER

Albert Einstein thought that a black hole - a collapsed star so dense that even light could not escape its thrall - was too preposterous a notion to be real.

DO YOU KNOW THE FACT THAT NO ONE HAS EVER SEEN A BLACK HOLE?

Yes it's true.Black hole is just like a blank spot in space-a whole lot of nothing.When you ask the experts how certain we are that black holes are real,the steady answer is 99.9%.

Lets get into the story of black holes-

The sun after burning through the last of its hydrogen fuel in about 5 billion years,its outer layers will drift away and it becomes a white dwarf-an earth size ember of the cosmos.When trying to explain such momentous phenomenon, two major theories like GENERAL RELATIVITY and QUANTUM MECHANISM.

That star has become a black hole.

The speed of light isn't enough to defeat the pull of a black hole. Therefore what ever is inside a black hole cannot get out and also it is impossible to peer in.

The dividing line inside and outside of black hole is event horizon.