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Suspense is when the author uses descriptive writing to build up towards an important event. Usually a mysterious/strange event is used to create anticipation  of what will come next.
In "To Build a Fire", the author writes with a lot of suspense. He gives the reader hope and then takes it away. This keeps the reader on the edge of their seat and engaged in book. In addition, the reader will want to know what happens to the protagonist in the story due to all the suspense building up to it.

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Foreshadowing is when an author hints at a future event through subtle details in the story.

In the story "The Chaser", the old man repeatedly talks about the life cleaner even though the protagonist came to buy something different. "Then customers come back, later if life, when they are rather better off, and want more expensive things..." is an example of when the old man warns Alan of things to come if he purchases the love potion.

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A flashback is when an author writes about an event hat happened before the start of the main story. Flashbacks can be used in a variety of unique and creative ways to explain motivations, feelings and actions.

In the story "Borders", the author uses flashback to describe Laetitia's life at home. The flashback helps the reader understand the previous events that had passed and also future actions. In this flashback, Laetitia is talking about her boyfriend and how he lived in Salt Lake City. It helps the reader understand why the sister is going to Salt Lake City and why the brother wants to go there.

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Symbolism is the use of symbols such as objects, words or actions to represent ideas or qualities.

In "Two Islands", the two islands are symbols of how our world has developed over the years. Greenel represents a simple, slow-paced development where the people respect the environment and use it to their advantage. Conversely, the people of Graynel hurry to develop the land. economy and technology. Greenel and Graynel are symbols of the two different views of progression and evolution.

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A character is a person in a story. There are many types of characters in a story, and an author can use a variety of character types that interact with each other to create a unique plot.

The mom in "Borders" is an example of a static character because her opinions never change and she stays true to herself and her opinions. "Citizenship? Blackfoot, my mother told him. Ma''am? Blackfoot, my mother repeated."

The girl in "The Necklace" is an example of a round and dynamic character because at the start of the book, she is sad, poor and depressed; however, she becomes rich and happy after she borrows the jewels and dances with the important individuals. She then becomes sad again after she loses the necklace. She is round because she has a detailed and unique personality that is believable.

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The mood or atmosphere is the overall feeling of the story. The mood describes the characters feelings throughout the story. The atmosphere is the overall mood surrounding all the characters.

The mood or atmosphere in "To Build a Fire" is very somber and depressing. The tone of the narrator is very monotone and dull which emphasizes the atmosphere of the story. In general, the protagonist fails a lot with the fire and his health is getting worse and worse, which creates a sad aroma.

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An allusion is an indirect reference to person, place or event. The author can use an allusion to remind the reader of something without telling the reader directly

"She found one and pressed it into the slot, hoping it would be Pavarotti, only to be greeted by the strident tones of Gloria Gaynor assuring her "I will survive."
-Never Stop on the Motorway
p. 224

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The position the narrator is in the story. The point of view is usually presented by the way the author refers to the characters in the story.

"When I was maybe thirteen, my mother announced that we were going to go to Salt Lake City to visit my sister who has left the reserve, moved across the line and found a job." The use of the word I, we and my means this story is being written in first person. This means the character is narrating their own story.

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The plot is the main events of the story presented in chronological order. It is the main ideas that keep the story moving. The plot is usually divided into 5 parts: introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, denouement.

The plot of "The Necklace" starts with a young lady who is invited to a party but does not want go to because she cannot afford nice jewels. She then asks her rich friend if she can borrow a necklace to which she replies yes. The lady goes to the party, but after it she realizes she lost the necklace. The lady ends up working hard her whole life to pay for a replacement. The story ends with the lady seeing her friend years later and her friend telling her the necklace was a replica.

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A metaphor is a comparison of two things without using like or as.

"The swan protecting me with her gentle wing." -Fatty Legs p. 26

This metaphor describes Sister MacQuillan's arm as a gentle wing. Swans are usually described as peaceful and graceful which means that Olemaun feels cared for and protected by the swan.

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The physical setting is geographical location the story takes place. The emotional setting is the overall mood the story is set in. Combined, the overall setting sets a backdrop for the story.

The physical setting of "To Build a Fire" is northern Canada, where it is very, very cold . The land is covered with snow, and the temperature is 50 below zero. The protagonists hands, face and feet are covered with icicles.
The emotional setting is somber, sad and lonely. The man is alone in the middle of the arctic wilderness with nothing except the clothes on his back. The overall mood of the story is dark and dull.

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A type of irony that occurs when an action causes the exact opposite thing the reader would expect

"I saw him get in when you were parked on the hard shoulder. What else could I have done?" " he three of them stared down at a man crouched on the floor of the car." -Never Stop on the Motorway p. 236
These quotes are example of situational irony because the reader expects the killer to be in the van; however, the killer was actually in the protagonist's car the whole time.

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A character's motivation is the reason that they act or behave in a certain way.
"She had a rich frined, an old school friend whom she refused to visit because she suffered so keenly when she returned home. She would weep whole days, with grief, regret, despair and misery."
-The Necklace, p.1

The protagonist in this story is poor and feels bad about her wealth. She suffers everyday from the poorness of her home and she is jealous of her rich friends. This is what motivates her to make her husband buy her a dress and borrow jewels so she feels rich.

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Imagery is when an author uses descriptive language in order to paint a picture in the reader's head.

"She imagined silent antechambers, heavy with Oriental tapestries, lit by torches in lofty bronze sockets, with two footmen in knee-breeches sleeping in large arm-chairs, overcome by the heavy warmth of the stove. She imagined vast saloons hung with antique silks, exquisite pieces of furniture supporting priceless ornaments, and small, charming, perfumed rooms, created just for little parties of intimate friends, men who were famous, and sought after, whose homage roused every other woman's envious longings."
-The Necklace

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Personification is when an author gives a non-human object human characteristics to make the object seem life-like.
"The was the fire, snapping and crackling and promising life with every dancing flame" -To Build a Fire
Fire can't actually dance but the movement of the flames is described as dancing to give the fire a lifelike persona.

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A simile is a comparison of two things by using like or as.

"She shook her fist at him and accelerated away, but he simply swung across behind her like an Olympic runner determined not to allow his rival to break clear."
-Never Stop on the Motorway
p. 229

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The theme of he story is the overall topic or subject of a story. The theme is usually something interesting and connects the story to the real world.

One of the themes of the story "Fatty Legs" is residential schools. Residential school is a real world subject that is explored in the story. Another theme is courage and resilencey, which Olemaun demonstrates throughout the short story.