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Student learning in Economics and Business is intended to occur through relevant contexts that assist students in developing connections between the learned content and local, national and global issues (Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority, 2018c). Therefore, including Indigenous perspectives into classroom pedagogy ensures contextualised and meaningful learning experiences for Indigenous students, which improves their motivation and engagement (Gay, 2002), as well as exposing non-Indigenous students to different "ways of knowing," a further purpose of contextualised learning (Rahman, 2013, p .668).

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Types of resources (natural, human, capital) and how societies use them to satisfy needs and wants (VCEBR003)

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Types of resources (natural, human, capital) and how societies use them to satisfy needs and wants (VCEBR003)

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National Indigenous Television provide news stories and articles that focus on promoting respect for Indigenous Australians and their culture. An article by Cromb (2017) details ten different types of natural resources that have been used for generations as holistic remedies. This resource provides a useful curriculum link to resource allocation and how natural resources can be used to satisfy the needs and wants of members of society. This article enlightens students to the connection Indigenous Australians have to their land, whereby the respect and care they show provides the resources necessary for the survival of their people, while simultaneously introducing the concept of sustainable management of natural resources in order to provide for current and future generations.

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Indigenous people have been sustaining the land and our people for hundreds upon thousands of years in a mutually respectful and beneficial capacity. Indigenous people cared for country and, in turn, the resources necessary for survival were provided by country.

Indigenous people cared for country and, in turn, the resources necessary for survival were provided by country.

Although the remedies Indigenous people know and use have been around since time immemorial, contemporary science is now paying attention to the benefits of traditional and holistic healing and considering how its application fits into modern medicine.

1. Gumbi Gumbi

A small shrub with little star-shaped yellow flowers and yellow/orange skinned fruit, Gumbi Gumbi ( pittosprum angustifolium) is found throughout the drier areas of Australia and is perhaps the most potent, yet versatile indigenous medicine.

It used in significant number of traditional medicinal applications, from the treatment of coughs and colds to eczema, and even used for lactagogue (milk let-down) activity.

Recent scientific research into the benefits of Gumbi Gumbi find it to boast an array of benefits including, being an anti-pruritic, anti-viral, detoxifier, blood pressure regulator and immune system booster.

Anecdotal accounts have claimed Gumbi Gumbi to have treated Indigenous people for various cancers, as well as a combative for digestive disorders, chronic fatigue and even mental illnesses.

While the fruit and its seeds are known for having medicinal properties, it is the leaves (usually used as a tea, tonic, dried in capsules or in salves/creams) which harness the most effective ailment treatments.

2. Lemon Grasses

The leaves, stems and roots of native lemon grasses ( Cymbopogon ambiguus A. Camus) can be liquefied and drunk to treat diarrhoea, and coughs, sore throats and colds. It can also be applied to the skin for treatment of rashes and sores, and a root poultice mixture can be applied to ears for earaches.

Recent research has determined the herb to have headache and migraine relieving properties, claiming it can cure in the same way aspirin does.

Not to be mistaken with the thick Asian lemongrasses that are found in supermarkets, native lemon grass grows around drier parts of the country. It can be located by their green tuffs at the ends of their thin stalks and when crushed, conveys a beautiful citrus-y scent.

3. Tea Tree

The paper bark, or tea tree ( Melaleuca teretifolia Endl), grows in sand or clay around swampy and seasonally wet areas and is mainly native to the Bunjalung nation. A national treasure, tea tree is one of the most widely known natural antiseptics in the world and has been used as a mainstream pharmaceutical, consistently since the 1920s.

Vivienne Hansen and John Harsfall note in their handbook, Noongar Bush Medicine, that traditionally, the leaves and bark of tea tree were crushed and the vapour inhaled to treat headaches. It was also brewed as a tea for throat ailments and to relieve colds, and was applied externally to wounds and superficial injuries.

Today, its oil is a widely-used safe, natural, effective antiseptic, with proven antimicrobial properties (anti-bacteria or anti-fungals) and antivirals. A recent study revealed that the antiviral agents in Australian tea tree oil is a promising combative to recurring herpes.

It is also an effective skincare treatment for blemishes and acne-prone skin.

4. Kakadu Plum/Billy Goat Plum

This Northern Territory native fruit (Terminalia ferdinandiana) is the world's highest source of Vitamin C, an essential nutrient rich in antioxidants. Not only is Vitamin C a valuable dietary supplement, but is also involved in tissue repair and building collagen; which plays a role in wound healing and anti-aging. As well as having outstanding Vitamin C content, it is also rich in iron and Vitamin E.

Its round light green fruits can be eaten raw or made into a jam or paste and is also sold as a powder. The fruit is tart and has a floral musk, some say the taste is similar to an English Gooseberry.

Welcome to Australia: A bilby delivers our Easter Eggs and 'a Kakadu Plum a day, keeps the doctor away'.

5. Kangaroo Apple

Kangaroo Apple ( Solanum laciniatum) is a natural anti-inflammatory steroid which aids the production of cortisone, and is good for treating achy joints and wounds, as well as encourages skin rejuvenation on scarring, pigmentation and aging.

This is incredible bush medicine is used traditionally as a poultice and applied to joint pain for thousands of years. The fruits (orange, with juicy pulp and shaped like a candle light globe) are known to be good bush tucker - however, only when it is thoroughly ripe. The unripe fruit and its greens are poisonous.

Despite its fruity name, Kangaroo Apple is actually a part of the potato family and buds attractive small purple flowers. It grows in colder parts of the country, Ngunnawal (Canberra), Yuin (NSW South Coast), Kurnai (country Victoria) and Northern Tasmania lands.

6. Emu Bush

Emu Bush ( Eremophila longifolia) has been valued for both, medicinal and ceremonial purposes by Indigenous people in coastal parts of Australia. The leaves have been used as a decoction, for sores and wounds; an infusion for colds, headaches, chest pains and diarrhea treatment and smoked to create a sterile environment for newborn babies and healing new mothers.

7. Eucalyptus

An Australian icon. Today, Eucalyptus oil is mostly found in lollies, mouthwash and used for aromatic purposes more so than strictly medicinally, but it's traditional uses continue to remain where the benefits lie - natural pain relief and fever reduction.

Eucalyptus is a proven antibacterial and has analgesic properties, and can therefore treat colds and respiratory problems, joint and muscle pain, dental health, fungal infections and wounds. The nostalgic stinging scent is also brilliant natural insect repellent.

8. Snake Vine

This is another incredible anti-inflammatory and antiseptic bush medicine. The leaves and stems of Snake Vine ( Hibbertia scandens) were warmed and mashed into a paste and used as a topical application for pain of arthritis for joints and other inflammation from injuries. The sap was also used as a broad spectrum antiseptic. This practice was widely used by Aboriginal peoples of central and northern Australia. 'Ngalyipi' is the Warlpiri word for this plant.

Snake Vine is a fairly vigorous climbing plant and can grow upto 5 metres long. It has large leaves and blooms big yellow flowers in the warmer seasons.

9. Witchetty Grub

A good known bush tucker, and in this case, also good bush medicine. Nutritionally, witchetty grubs ( E. leucomochla) are great source of protein and for 5 - 12 cm size creature, it packs in 'good fats' and Vitamin C. Externally, the insects are used as a treatment of burns and open wounds, after being crushed and made into a paste and then sealed to help the skin heal.

10. Umbrella Bush Wattle

Indigenous people soaked the bark of the Umbrella Bush Wattle ( Acacia ligulata Benth) in water or boiled it and the decoction was used as a cough medicine for sore throats and a remedy for dizziness and nerves/anxiety. People in the Western Australian region would also char the shrub and mix the ash ash with a native tobacco (Pituri) for chewing to relieve sore gums.

Like all medicines, bush medicines should be taken with care and as advised by land-owners, healers or naturopath professionals. Contributing to the demand for Australian bush medicines will benefit communities who harvest these natural national gems, so next time you're looking for a non-artificial alternative, look no further than your own backyard.

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10 bush medicines that have been curing people for generations

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Indigenous people have been sustaining the land and our people for hundreds upon thousands of years in a mutually respectful and beneficial capacity. Indigenous people cared for country and, in turn, the resources necessary for survival were provided by country. Indigenous people cared for country and, in turn, the resources necessary for survival were provided by country.

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Characteristics of entrepreneurs and successful businesses (VCEBB015)

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Characteristics of entrepreneurs and successful businesses (VCEBB015)

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The 2018 ACT Australian of the Year, Dion Devow, explains in an interview with the ABC how he came to be a successful entrepreneur through his business Darkies Designs. This clip encourages students to consider the behaviours and skills that Dion has brought to his business that have contributed to its success. These include his vision to create mainstream apparel that represents his people through the expression of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s culture and promotion of Indigenous Artists.

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Posted January 25, 2018 05:56:48

Clothing designer and entrepreneur Dion Devow speaks about his passion for helping Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and how he came to be a successful businessman.

Source: ABC News | Duration: 6min 40sec

Topics: awards-and-prizes, business-economics-and-finance, small-business, australia

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Indigenous entrepreneur Dion Devow on becoming a successful businessman

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Posted January 25, 2018 05:56:48 Clothing designer and entrepreneur Dion Devow speaks about his passion for helping Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and how he came to be a successful businessman. Source: ABC News | Duration: 6min 40sec Topics: awards-and-prizes, business-economics-and-finance, small-business, australia

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Opportunities designed to improve living standards (VCEBR022)

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Opportunities designed to improve living standards (VCEBR022)

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Indigenous Business Australia [IBA] has a central vision to provide economic independence to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The resources on this site introduce students to the role the Government plays in improving the living standards of different members of society. From here, students can critically reflect on why there are these variations in living standards and discuss the importance of policy options that aim to mitigate them There are also opportunities for students to begin to consider how IBA contributes to the economic performance of Australia through enabling more opportunities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to enter the property market, as well as assisting new start-up businesses to successfully contribute to the economy through the goods and services they provide.

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Our vision is for a nation in which the First Australians are economically independent and an integral part of the economy.

Economic independence for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples is at the heart of IBA's vision and programs.

We want Indigenous Australians to have the same financial opportunities as other Australians. Through IBA's programs, we attempt to remove some of the obstacles that may prevent our customers from creating wealth, accumulating assets and fulfilling their aspirations.

These programs assist Indigenous Australians to buy their own homes, own their own businesses and invest in commercial ventures that provide strong financial returns.

We invite you to learn more about:

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Our vision is for a nation in which the First Australians are economically independent and an integral part of the economy. Economic independence for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples is at the heart of IBA's vision and programs. We want Indigenous Australians to have the same financial opportunities as other Australians.

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Cromb, N. (2017, June 7). 10 bush medicines that have been curing people for generations. National Indigenous Television, Retrieved from https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2017/05/25/10-bush-medicines-have-been-curing-people-generations.

Gay, G. (2002). Preparing for culturally responsive teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 53(2), 106-116. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/home/jte.

Indigenous Business Australia [IBA]. (2018). Indigenous Business Australia. Retrieved from http://www.iba.gov.au/.

Jacobson, D. (Director). (2015). Doing Business Aboriginal Way [Short-film]. Retrieved from https://www.nintione.com.au/newsroom/videos/doing-business-aboriginal-way/.

Kennedy, P. (Presenter) & Devow, D. (Guest). (2018, January 25). Indigenous entrepreneur Dion Devow on becoming a successful businessman. In ABC News (Producer), ABC News. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-01-25/indigenous-entrepreneur-dion-devow-on-becoming-a/9357494.

Rahman, K. (2013). Belonging and learning to belong in school: the implications of the hidden curriculum for indigenous students. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 34(5), 660-672. doi: 10.1080/01596306.2013.728362.

Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority [VCAA]. (2018c). Structure. Retrieved from http://victoriancurriculum.vcaa.vic.edu.au/the-humanities/economics-and-business/introduction/structure.

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Different ways businesses produce and distribute goods and services (VCEBB006)

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Different ways businesses produce and distribute goods and services (VCEBB006)

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This short film enables students to investigate the different ways that businesses produce and provide goods and services. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people provide insight into how their cultural knowledge and consideration for family and Country enables them to provide an authentic grassroots tourism experience that is in contrast to Western tourism’s foremost focus of profit. Students are encouraged to consider how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's philosophies and practices are reflected within the context of the business environment, and to critically think about the challenges of conducting business in this manner.

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Doing Business Aboriginal Way - Ninti One

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In this video clip Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people involved in tourism from remote locations throughout Australia explain how their worldviews to prioritise country, people and culture ensure that business stays in accordance with old ways. For these operators, business and culture go hand in hand.