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Late at night on April 18, 1775, a force of about 800 British troops moved out of Boston and marched toward Concord with orders to seize the supplies of guns and ammunition from the patriots from Massachusetts. The plan was supposed to be secret. This was the start of the Revolution, war and havoc broke out in between the two.

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Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech": March 23, 1775

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Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech": March 23, 1775

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Convinced that war with Great Britain was inevitable, Virginian Patrick Henry defended strong resolutions for equipping the Virginia militia to fight against the British in a fiery speech in a Richmond church with the famous words, “I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”

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First Continental Congress convenes: September 5, 1774

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First Continental Congress convenes: September 5, 1774

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Called by the Committees of Correspondence in response to the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia. Fifty-six delegates represented all the colonies except Georgia.

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In retaliation for colonial resistance to British rule during the winter of 1773–74, the British Parliament enacted four measures that became known as the Intolerable (or Coercive) Act: the Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, and Quartering Act. Rather than intimidating Massachusetts and isolating it from the other colonies, the oppressive acts became the justification for convening the First Continental Congress later in 1774.

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Protesting both a tax on tea (taxation without representation) and the perceived monopoly of the East India Company, a party of Bostonians thinly disguised as Mohawk people boarded ships at anchor and dumped some £10,000 worth of tea into the harbor, an event popularly known as the Boston Tea Party.

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The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian war, the American phase of a worldwide nine years’ war fought between France and Great Britain. (The European phase was the Seven Year's War.) As a result of the war, France ceded all of its North American possessions east of the Mississippi River to Britain. The costs of the war contributed to the British government’s decision to impose new taxes on its American colonies.

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Like the Sugar Act (1764), the Stamp Act was imposed to provide increased revenues to meet the costs of defending the enlarged British Empire. It was the first British parliamentary attempt to raise revenue through direct taxation on a wide variety of colonial transactions, including legal writs, newspaper advertisements, and ships’ bills of lading. Enraged colonists nullified the Stamp Act through outright refusal to use the stamps as well as by riots, stamp burning, and intimidation of colonial stamp distributors.

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A series of four acts, the Townshend Acts were passed by the British Parliament in an attempt to assert what it considered to be its historic right to exert authority over the colonies through suspension of a recalcitrant representative assembly and through strict provisions for the collection of revenue duties. The acts were resisted everywhere with verbal agitation and physical violence, deliberate evasion of duties, renewed non-importation agreements among merchants, and overt acts of hostility toward British enforcement agents, especially in Boston. In response, in October 1768, Parliament dispatched two regiments of the British army to Boston.

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On the evening of March 5, 1770, a small but unruly crowd threatened a squad of British soldiers. The soldiers opened fire on the crowd, leaving five colonists dead or dying in the snow. Among the victims, African American Crispus Attucks fell first. The shooting added to and already tense situation. The incident became known as the Boston Massacre.