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2 Historical context.

The history is set in the American Civil War, which started because of uncompromising differences between the free and slave states over the power of the national government to prohibit slavery in the territories that had not yet become states. When Abraham Lincoln won election in 1860 as the first Republican president on a platform pledging to keep slavery out of the territories, seven slave states in the Deep South seceded and formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America. The incoming Lincoln administration and most of the Northern people refused to recognize the legitimacy of secession. They feared that it would discredit democracy and create a fatal precedent that would eventually fragment the no-longer United States into several small, countries.

3 Characters.

Peyton Farquhar: A thirty-five-year-old Southern planter. A slave owner from an esteemed Alabama family, he is a civilian. He assumes a kind expression at his execution, despite how difficult is his situation. Well dressed, with large grey eyes and a pointed beard, he cuts a striking figure on the side of the bridge, a gentleman about to face a less-than-noble end.

Farquhar’s Wife: A woman who serves as an emblem of the comfort and domestic security for Farquhar. Yet Farquhar’s wife also represents the domain that Farquhar rejects in setting off on his reckless mission to cripple the North’s campaign. His affluence and bliss at home are not enough; he is desperate to justify his existence and make his name in other ways. Still, it is her image and thoughts of his children that he returns to at his moment of greatest desperation.

4 Personal Opinion.

War is horrible, and the realism that is shown in the story also lends a hand to the imagination on how terrible war can be. Then, the discussion on how Farquhar remember his wife in his worst moment brings up to my mind the real nature of the human being, which among the years has shown that people tend to wish what they always have had besides them in the worst moment, or when they will lose it.

I think is a really good history, which plays very well with the “hope” of the reader about Farquhar survival, in addition  when the story is coming to an end the reader has to imagine the reality, and the true destiny of Farquhar, which is death.
WEEK 6 ACTIVITIES.

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Week 6.

Vocabulary.

1 Encircled.

Definition: to form a circle around.

Example: People encircled them, because of what they did.

2  Slack.

Definition: a slack condition or part, esp. of a rope, sail, or the like, that hangs loose, without strain upon it.

Example:  Have you seen the slacks in that rope?

3 Deputy.

Vocabulary: a person appointed to act as a substitute for another.

Example: He will be my deputy during my vacations.

4 Carriage.

Vocabulary: he manner in which a person's head and body are held when standing, etc.

Example: She stood in a graceful carriage.

5 Blockaded.

Definition: the closing off of a port, city, etc., by an enemy to prevent anyone from coming in or going out.

Example: They realize that the road was blockaded by trucks.

6 Outpost.

Definition: a station established at a distance from an army to protect it from a surprise attack.

Example: My men left the injuries in our outpost.

7 Muzzle

Definition: the mouth of the barrel of a gun, etc.

Example: Be careful with the muzzle of that rifle.

8 Slope.

Definition: ground that has a natural incline, such as the side of a hill.

Example: Be careful with the slope of the hill.

9 Lieutenant.

Definition: a rank in the armed forces above a sergeant and below a captain.

Example: Have you seen the new lieutenant?

10 Whiskers.

Definition: the hair growing on a man's cheeks and chin.

Example: I don´t like to have whiskers.
WEEK 6 VOCABULARY.

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2 What kind of character is the narrator?

The narrator is that kind of character that is used to make you feel like that you are actually the one who is sit beside wheeler listening to his story, but at the same time he tells descriptive details about the way Wheeler talks, so I believe that the narrator is a scholar or a man who has some money for those ages, he also uses complex words and expressions, he tend and try to be always polite, in addition he is really intelligent.

3 Describe Smiley and Wheeler. What is their relationship?

Simon Wheeler: He is bald and lazy, and seems simple; he may be cleverer than he looks. He’s certainly very aggressive in getting the narrator to listen to him. He uses tactics to be heard, such as "blockading" the narrator with a chair so that he can’t leave.

Jim Smiley: He is a man addicted to gambling.  He has talent for finding and cultivating animals that appear to be losers or nothing special but, in fact, they win, often at the last minute.

I believe that they were (in the past) friends, at least that is one theory. Another, could be that Wheeler is the man who tricked Smiley in the past, and after this fact they became really close friends, so that could also explain why Wheeler is alone, and wanted to be hear by someone.

4 Story about an animal with a weird skill.

One day I was walking with my boss after work, and he showed me a photograph about his dog, in that moment I remembered that I had a cat called “Tuki”, which liked to steal things using its front legs.

He asked me how the cat did that. Well, it begun like any other cat, just jumping to the table and taking things with the claws, then just ran.  However, one day I decided that could be fun to saw the cat stealing food from the table in front of my mom, so I taught it to steal by “acting”.

The cat stepped on the heater and it pretended to be slept, till the moment that we all in the table were talking, or whatever. In that moment the cat stole things, sometimes without even making any noise. The funniest part was when my mom catches it in this action, which she always screamed to do not do that, but the cat never cared. It was funny to watch my mom arguing with a cat!
WEEK 5 ACTIVITIES.

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Week 5.

1 Vocabulary.

1 Garrulous.

Definition: endlessly talkative.

Example: He is a garrulous person.

2 Feller.

Definition: fellow.

Example: Come here you young feller.

3 flush.

Definition: a sudden rise of emotion.

Example: She doesn´t need to talk to me like that, she had a flush of anger.

4 Foller

Definition: an abbreviation of following.

Example: He must foller them till the end.

5 Steamboat.

Definition: a steam-driven vessel

Example: You have to wait for the steamboat now.

6 Consumption

Definition: tuberculosis of the lungs.

Example: You should not smoke too much, because of the consumption.

7 Ornery

Definition: ugly and unpleasant in disposition or temper.

Example: It was an ornery task work with her.

8 Fetch.

Definition:  to go and bring back.

Example: She taught the cat to fetch a ball.

9 Lattice.

Definition: a structure or framework of crossed wooden or metal strips usually arranged to form a diagonal pattern of open spaces between the strips.

Example: Can you pass me the lattice box please?

10 Jerked.

Definition: a sudden movement of a muscle.

Example: My arm jerked all day long, because of the injury.
WEEK 5 VOCABULARY

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Article Comment:

The Five Greatest Mysteries of Human History.

In human history we can find different documents or proves of somethings around the world that are still a complete mystery for everyone. Lost civilizations, serial murderers, well preserved corpses among the years, ancient stones, among other things. These facts just show us how humanity put special efforts just to unmask some great mysteries. To be honest the mystery that calls a lot my attention is the one about Jack the Ripper, because of all that hidden things that are behind it.” A serial killer who went on a rampage in London between August and November 1888, Jack the Ripper was responsible for the brutal murders of at least five prostitutes in Whitechapel, London”. This is one description for the enigmatic serial killer, which till today the real identity of the killer has not been revealed or discovered.

I cannot stop wondering what would happen if such a serial killer like jack shows up nowadays, what would happen in that case, police would be able to catch him or her, and most important, it would be for the same reasons as the original (which also are a mystery), or would be like another tribute for its “works”, however I believe that is important that humanity have some secrets, because there are times that is better to ignore somethings.

Link: https://allthatsinteresting.com/greatest-mysteries-of-human-history

ARTICLE COMMENT WEEK 4

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Summary.

In the story, Dupin is consulted by the Prefect of Police who is searching desperately for a sensitive letter being used to blackmail a royal personage. The identity of the criminal is known, and circumstances indicate the letter is hidden in his residence, and yet a meticulous search has failed to produce it. In the end, it is Dupin who deduces its clever hiding place using his peculiar analytic ability.

Main Characters.

The unknown narrator: A friend of Daupin, who is aware of the brilliance of Daupin in terms of crime solving, he accepts Daupin explanations without doubting.

C. Auguste Daupin: A Parisian who helps police to solve crimes (just like Sherlock Holmes).

He uses the psychology, which let him foil the plans of the letter thief that police could not catch.

Monsieur G: The Prefect of the Paris police. Limited by his conventional police training, depends a lot of the skills of Daupin to investigate this kind of “hard cases” (just like Lestrade).

Minister D: A government official who is a poet and mathematician. He is the one who steals the letter. He is also very intelligent and a worthy rival for Daupin.

Edgar Allan Poe´s Contribution to literature.

Edgar Allan Poe (Boston, United States, January 19, 1809 - Baltimore, United States, October 7, 1849) was an American romantic writer, poet, critic and journalist, generally recognized as one of the universal masters of the short story, of which he was one of the first practitioners in his country. He was a renovator of the Gothic novel, especially remembered for his horror stories. Considered the inventor of the detective story, he also contributed several works to the emerging genre of science fiction.

What I think about the story?

I think that the story is quite interesting; it has a lot of the feeling that Poe leaves in his stories, this psychological playground in where the intelligence plays an important role. I believe it is an entertaining story, and should be fun to watch it as TV series or even a movie.

Also, I found that the story has similarities in terms of characters to Sherlock Holmes, which is kind of obvious considering that Edgar Allan Poe in a certain way invented the mystery genre in   literature.
WEEK 4 ACTIVITIES.

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Week 4.

Vocabulary.

1 Heartily.

Definition: deeply felt; with deep, genuine, sincere, or strong emotion.

Example: Maria felt a heartily feeling of sadness after complete her difficult task.

2 Secrecy.

Definition: the state or condition of being secret.

Example: They write the letter in strictest secrecy.

3 Purloined.

Definition: to take dishonestly; steal.

Example: I catch him purloining sir!

4 Flatter.

Definition: to praise or compliment insincerely or excessively.

Example: She was flattering me, I didn´t know what to do.

5 Fathom.

Definition: to get the truth of; comprehend.

Example: In Byrgenwerth the scholar were fathoming the truth of the pale blood.

6 Wielded.

Definition: to guide or direct.

Example: She wielded us till the end.

7 Spared.

Definition: to omit or withhold.

Example: Spare the ones who have left, and have seen the light of the sun

8 Meerschaum.

Definition: a tobacco pipe with a bowl made of this substance.

Example: He stare at the light of the moon with the only company of his meerschaum.

9 Rungs.

Definition: a shaped piece attached to something horizontally for strength, as between the legs of a chair.

Example: We need to fix those rungs from that chairs.

10 Beneath.

Definition: in or to a lower position; Below.

Example:  They were beneath the bed.
WEEK 4 VOCABULARY.

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Article comment.

The H Word: The Intersection of Science Fiction and Horror.

The article presents some arguments about why science fiction and horror are basically one. This, because of how the different authors like to use the science fiction to give a form to the fears of people, sometimes also they use actual science to give an explanation to the horrors that are in their tales. It comes to my mind some titles such as the horror game “outlast”, which introduces the player into a dark and weird world inside an asylum in where a company called “Murkoff” tries to use their patients to summon some kind of paranormal force, but using science and psychological experiments, our character is a normal person who cannot even fight back, so he must run, hide and try to avoid death. Now, is true that in some much times we do not tend to think that science fiction could be terrifying, however the article presents the idea that fear is something that lives deep in what is not exactly real, as consequence science fiction comes to do its magic.

Finally, I believe that science fiction is an important tool for horror stories in every field, such as in videogames, movies and literature, because it allows the authors to show us another world in where our nightmares are shown, just like something that in fact could exist in the real world. This, makes horror stories and science fiction the perfect complement to each other, which is completely awesome.

Link: http://www.nightmare-magazine.com/nonfiction/h-word-intersection-science-fiction-horror/
WEEK 3 ARTICLE COMMENT.

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Exercise 2

But all agreed on one thing: that the refusal of all the cats to eat their portions of meat or drink their saucers of milk was exceedingly curious. And for two whole days the sleek, lazy cats of Ulthar would touch no food, but only doze by the fire or in the sun…..still, there was only one cat which was still missing, the black kitten, the only and one black kitten that belonged to Menes.

Days passed and people started wondering about the old couple, even though they were very reserved is weird that they did not come out of their house to buy things in the village, so the authorities decided to investigate, however they did not find them anywhere. This was even stranger, still they found signs of fighting, also dry blood. They thought the worst, but with no one to blame who will care about it.

During the night the villagers heard some noises from the outside, that night something uncommon was happening. The cold was unusual, and nobody wanted to even look outside.

One more time all the villagers aggraded in something. This time all the cats were purring, also looking outside, and just like if something that protected them was outside. Only one villager has the bravery to go outside. Whatever he saw was enough to make him go with the authorities.

Since that day, nobody must kill a cat in Ulthar, unless that person wish to have an horrible and unique death.
WEEK 3 EXERCISE 2.

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Week 3

Vocabulary:

1 Hoary.

Definition: Ancient.

Example: The people in Yharnam found a hoary secret.

2 Bearer.

Definition: A person or thing that carries.

Example: A crow is bearer of bad news.

3 Wanderers.

Definition: To move around without a definite purpose or plan;

Roam.

Example: I was wandering about one or two hours around the centre.

4 Berating.

Definition: To scold; yell at; rebuke.

Example: She was berating at me, because of the delay.

5 Dwelt.

Definition: To live or stay as a permanent resident; reside.

Example: I dwelt in the city from more than 9 years.

6 Gaze.

Definition: To look steadily and intently, as with great interest or wonder.

Example: He was gazing at the terrifying form of the beast.

7 Burgomaster.

Definition: The chief magistrate of a municipal town of Holland, Flanders, Germany, or Austria.

Example: The strangers must go to burgomasters place right now.

8 Swore.

Definition: To make a solemn statement, promise, or declaration by some sacred being or object.

Example: She swore him in front of her father.

9 Durst.

Definition: Past tense of dare. Challenge or persuade (a person) into a demonstration of courage or to do something.

Example: Finally he durst the man to attack first, without even imagine what he just really did.

10 Doze.

Definition: To sleep lightly and briefly.

Example: I will doze after I´m done with this task.                                                                                                                        WEEK 3 VOCABULARY.

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Article Comment

I think that learning a new language has a lot of benefits in the article there are cases in which learning a new language open new horizons in different ways, such as the journalist, or the kids who made a lot of new friend by been able to communicate with people who speak in a different language. This, tell us that languages are useful, and not just because you perfectly know your mother tongue you have dominated the world, in fact even though your language is international it does not mean that you are ready to talk with everyone in the hole world. A little example of this is that in a lot of countries they tend to speak more than 30 different languages, which means that there are more than a hundred languages in the world.

There is a lot of methods, and one of the most used one is by listening the foreign language which is what I did in a very beginning, also I used the dialogues from videogames and the different accents that you can hear in games like Dark Souls.

Learning a new language is and will be always useful for almost everything instructions are in at least three or four languages, so languages should be something that people must consider to learn in their lives. Who knows probably knowing a foreign language could make a difference in your future.

ARTICLE COMMENT WEEK 1.

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1 Main Character:

Young Goodman Brown: he is the protagonist of the story, a man who has a great faith in God, he lives a life as a good Christian, he is young and he lives in the town of Salem.

Faith: A young and beautiful woman, who is Goodman Brown’s wife, she also tells to his husband about some nightmares, but he ignores her, at the end Goodman Brown feels unsure with her, because of what he saw in the forest.

The Devil: A mysterious man who appears in the forest tempting Goodman Brown to turn to the other side of the faith, or in simply words, to the “dark side” by telling to Goodman to go with him.

2 First, we have The Salem Witch Trial, which was a terrifying historical fact in where the people who lived in Salem killed at least 25 innocent women who were accused of been witches. Secondly, The Puritan intolerance of Quakers occurred during the second half of the seventeenth century in where both wanted to live in America, with their own beliefs, however they could not do this Puritans began forbidding Quakers from settling in their towns and made it illegal to be a Quaker; their intolerance soon led to imprisonments and hangings. King Philip’s War, the final event referenced in Hawthorne’s story, took place from 1675 to 1676 and was actually a series of small skirmishes between Indians and colonists. Indians attacked colonists at frontier towns in western Massachusetts, and colonists retaliated by raiding Indian villages. When the colonists won the war, the balance of power in the colonies finally tipped completely toward the Puritans.

3 I like the story, because it shows how fragile the innocence is, and that everyone has some evil inside, sometimes we tend to believe that every good person is entirely good, however we are human, the meat is weak and the temptations most of the times are strong.

ACTIVITY WEEK 1.

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Week 1

Word list.

1  Glared:
Definition: To shine with or reflect a very harsh, bright, dazzling light.
Original Sentence: “ the light glared full upon his eyes”.

Sentence: When I came out the sun glared.

2 Grief:

Definition: great mental suffering or distress over a loss or disappointment;

sharp sorrow; painful regret.

Original sentence: “The cry of grief, rage, and terror, was yet piercing the night”.

Sentence: He was screaming of greaf, because of the accident that they had.

3 Onward:

Definition: Toward a point ahead or in front; forward, as in space or time.

Original Sentence: “They continued to walk onward”.

Sentence: They walk onward the lake.

4 Prithee:

Definition: Etymology: 16th Century: shortened from I pray thee; to pray.

Original Sentence: “Well, go on, Goodman Brown, go on; but, prithee, don't kill me with laughing!”

Sentence: My grandmother is prithee, she has that habit.

5 Dusk:

Definition: The state or period of partial darkness between day and night; Twilight.

Original Sentence: “It was now deep dusk in the forest, and deepest in that part of it where these two were journeying”.

Sentence: The dusk inside that old house it’s so intimidating.

6 Make haste:

Definition: Make haste, to act or go with speed; hurry.

Original Sentence: “Goodman Brown felt himself justified in making more haste on his present evil purpose”.

Sentence: She was making haste to avoid that man.

7 Writhing:

Definition: to twist or bend out of shape or position; distort.

Original Sentence:  “observed the traveller, confronting her, and leaning on his writhing stick”.

Sentence:  His knee was writhing when he was defending while the match.

8 Bewildered:

Definition: confused.

Original Sentence:  ““Faith! Faith!” as if bewildered wretches were seeking her, all through the wilderness”.

Sentence:  She felt in a bewildered state, because of what she saw.

9 Wretches:

Definition: a very unfortunate or unhappy person.

Original Sentence: “Faith! Faith!” as if bewildered wretches were seeking her, all through the wilderness”.

Sentence: She felt that her live was in a wretches moment

10 Aptly:

Definition: having a tendency.

Original Sentence: “And Faith, as the wife was aptly named”.

Sentence: He screamed the” accursed” as they were aptly named the beast.

VOCABULARY WEEK 1.