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1. 1787 drafting.
There were two plans of constitution : The Virginia plan, The New Jersey Plan.
2. 1788 ratification. The constitution had been ratified by the minimum of nine states required under Article VII. Towards the end of July, and with eleven states then having ratified, the process of organizing the new government began.

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1. John Adams
2. Benjamin Franklin
3. James Madison
4. Thomas Jefferson
5. George Washington
6. John Jay
7. Alexander Hamilton

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1. The Preamble
2. 7 articles ( Article 5 - The Bill of Rights)

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We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
Constitution was written by the people, for the people, to guarantee the rights and responsibilities.

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There are 10 amendments wich are closely connected with main freedoms like freedom of speech,  inviolability of the home.
The First Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
The Second Amendment
A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
The Third Amendment
No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
The Fourth Amendment
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
The Fifth Amendment
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
The Sixth Amendment
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

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Article I – The Legislative Branch
Article II – The Executive Branch
Article III -The Judicial Branch
Article IV – The States
Article V – Amendments
Article VI – Debts, Supremacy, Oaths
Article VII – Ratification

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The Seventh Amendment
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
The Eighth Amendment
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
The Ninth Amendment
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
The Tenth Amendment
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

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Six basic principles of U.S. constitution 

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Six basic principles of U.S. constitution 

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Popular Sovereignty

All power comes from the people.

Limited Government

Government may do only the things that the people give it power to do.

Separation of Powers

Basic powers of the state are distributed among independent branches of government.

Checks and Balances

Each branch of government can be checked by the other branches.

Judicial Review

Power of the courts to determine if a law/government action is constitutional.

Federalism

Division of power among a central and local governments.