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African culture involves dance in their worship and the music as you can hear in this video involves call-and-response style, ululations above the majority of the music point to improvisation as well. (Tim Sidebothom

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Primitive African Tribal Worship - Bruce McDonald of Regions Beyond

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This article from Grove online speaks to a various African cultures and their musical entertainment

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WorkSong: Part 1- The Musical Farmers of Sukumaland, Tanzania

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Latin A,merica

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India

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Africa

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China

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Healing
Celebration
Lament
Welcome
Sleep, rest, relaxation,

Worship

Entertainment

Inspiration

Encourage, edification

Relationship

Teaching, remembering

Work

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Jiangsu - Abigail
Guangdong- Alexis
Shanghai - Devin
Hainan - Lindsay
Tibet - Kent

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Watch your YouTube links!  The one right over this post won’t work....I think. The link is incomplete 

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Watch your YouTube links!  The one right over this post won’t work....I think. The link is incomplete 

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Commonly used Latin American instruments are wooden trumpets, panpipes, flutes, harps, guitars, shawms, drums, marimbas, fiddles, and rattles. Below is an example of marimba-centered music. MI

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G.D

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She is a bumblebee. The Lord Krishna is a flower. When the flower petals have enclosed her, she's totally swallowed by the fragrance of his love.

So goes a song composed by 15th Century Indian poet Meera, a woman who gave up worldly ways to pen Hindu devotional songs about Krishna, believed to be a human incarnation of the god Vishnu. In the lyrics, religious and romantic love are intertwined.

These songs, called bhajans, are part of a rich tradition of music in Hinduism. Music is essential to the worship experience, Hindus say, because it arouses the senses and creates spiritual vibrations that enhance devotion.

Repetition and chanting help connect devotees to humankind and to their spirituality. Sometimes there is improvisation, like jazz, in the singing. The sound of "om" is a sacred mantra.

Rama Temple, one of two temples housed at the Hindu Temple of Greater Chicago in Lemont, promotes a tradition known as sangeetopachara, or making a musical offering to the gods. The performances are held on the second Sunday of each month, including this Sunday, and are open to the public. Later this month the temple will also host a music and cultural festival.

"Hindus believe there is a power in the statue they are worshipping," said Narasimha Acharya Samudrala, a priest at Rama Temple. "You have to please the god with the good things like offerings."

The range of expression in Hinduism is as large as India. Northern Indians have different traditions than those in the southern part of the country. Hindus venerate a variety of deities, such as Shiva and Vishnu. Some view the deities as various forms of a supreme god, and different regions are more devoted to certain gods. Languages and rituals used in worshipping vary greatly.

In Hindu music, there are both ancient traditions and contemporary songs. Two main classical music forms--Hindustani, from northern India, and Carnatic, from the south--provide much of the framework.

The sitar, a string instrument, is common in Hindustani music, in which flexibility and improvisation shape songs. Carnatic songs are beat heavy and commonly feature a drum called the mridangam.

Once the classical framework is established, sub-melodies can enter. Indian musicians also have adopted Western instruments such as the violin, and some devotionals mimic melodies of British marching songs. The lyrics and music encompass the range of human emotion.

Hindu music can be as varied as Christian music in the U.S., which ranges from Catholic chorales to Pentecostal gospel. But mysticism and dynamism are common threads in Hindu music, and songs about a god being a kindhearted soul or stories of a deity's achievements predominate.

David Roche, executive director of the Old Town School of Folk Music, has studied Indian music and said it plays to the sensory experience in Hinduism.

"Music is a kind of sacred technology with a long history," said Roche, an ethnomusicologist. "It has deep importance in changing both personal consciousness and social atmosphere."

The Sunday evening concerts at Rama Temple, held there for almost 20 years, weave Hindustani and Carnatic traditions with violins and percussion. The performance is a lullaby that wishes the Lord a good night's rest. Glory is given to Vishnu, a supreme god who gives salvation, said Samudrala.

When singing, devotees will describe the god's valor and strength, calming him like a baby. The music helps devotees concentrate on blessings and remember the good things in life. Peacefulness envelops them as they sing the Lord goodnight.

"It's very divine. Every word, every sentence has a meaning to it," said Nagamani Beligere, a Rama Temple member.

Bhajans are popular devotionals because of the stories they tell. Meera's poetic and warm compositions, for example, elucidate the love that she feels for Krishna.

Recently members of RajRang, an Indian folk music group from northwest Rajasthan that performed at the University of Chicago International House, broke into one of her songs at the Chicago Cultural Center's cafe.

They sang of Meera flying as a bird in the sky, unafraid of thunder and lightning because she's searching for Lord Krishna. The slow, melodic song echoed through the halls as some in the group used their palms to make beats on tables.

"Whether singing about Krishna or Shiva, we want to get the audience in a repetitious trance, to get the same feeling of a meditative state," vocalist Anwar Khan Manganiar said in the Marwari language, through an interpreter.

The RajRang members converted from Hindu to Islam but still sing the Hindu religious songs as homage to their heritage and community. The performances also demonstrate an Islamic influence from Arabic music, they said.

"You can see the harmony among the different communities. That's very important," said group facilitator Kuldeep Kothari.

Kalapriya Dance, a company that specializes in classical Indian dance, helped bring RajRang to Chicago.

Artistic director Pranita Jain said dance, too, is important to the classical tradition because it taps into unvarying aspects of life such as birth, love and death while showing appreciation to the gods.

"Listening to bhajans, it just brings you closer to your own art," said Jain. "It puts you in a meditative form. It's connecting the inward with the outward."

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IF YOU GO

A free concert of devotional music will be held from 7 to 9 p.m. Sunday in Rama Temple, 10915 Lemont Rd., Lemont. For more information, call 630-972-0300.

The Chicago Tyagaraja Utsavam Festival will take place May 27-29 in the temple. Prices vary; children will be admitted free with adults. For more information, visit tyagaraja-chicago.org

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Natalie Y. Moore, Special to the Tribune

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She is a bumblebee. The Lord Krishna is a flower. When the flower petals have enclosed her, she's totally swallowed by the fragrance of his love. So goes a song composed by 15th Century Indian poet Meera, a woman who gave up worldly ways to pen Hindu devotional songs about Krishna, believed to be a human incarnation of the god Vishnu.

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Classical Indian instruments provides two main functions. A main melody and an accompanied requisite. Instruments like sitars or shehnai most likely take main melodies. And accompanied instruments can either provide a drone, secondary melody, or rhythmic support. Instruments like the sarangi, tabla, or tempura mainly function as accompanied instruments.

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Amazing Carnatic music | Jayanthi Kumaresh | Raga Shanmukhapriya | Saraswati Veena | Music of India

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https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=d-fKUvdva2I
I wrote a lot of things but it got deleted so I’m gonna speak on it. Aztec/Mayan cultures were around since before the 1500s. They built complex stone structures and took that knowledge to make intricate instruments. They made stone and clay instruments. They also experimented with tonal stabilization and tonal centers. They also used timbre and other techniques to experiment with notes and sound.

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Music China is a trade fair held in Shanghai China and it is one for the largest fairs for musical instruments in the entire continent of Asia. Music China is held every other year at the Shanghai China expo center.

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G.D

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Rela (Tabla solo) -- performed by Sandeep Das

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INSTRUMENTS
Some common instruments among the Li people of Hainan are nose flutes, blow flutes, single wooden drums, mouth harps, and multi-piped flutes. These instruments are generally made out of bamboo.

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With a population close to 1.3 million, five tribes, and a history dating back more than 3,000 years, the Li people - the indigenous inhabitants of Hainan island - have a unique, diverse culture and a deep artistic tradition to share with the world.

Among the many protected cultural heritage artifacts of the Li people, their traditional musical instruments - which were developed over a period of 1,000 years - are particularly rare and treasured.

Since ancient times, the Li people have had a love of life that's clearly evident in their music. They love to express themselves by playing Li-style musical instruments and dancing together.

While singing is a common pastime of the Li people, they are talented at a wide variety of unique instruments.

Li music is produced with traditional instruments such as nose flutes, bow flutes, single wooden drums, mouth harps, and multi-piped flutes.

Li folk songs are melodious and expressive. The Li people possess two primary types of folk songs: those sung in standard Han Chinese or Putonghua and those sung in the Li's own language, known as "Li folk ballads." The content of these songs is varied and includes work, life, love, festive carols, rituals, and narrative tales.

In 2008, the Li people's traditional bamboo musical instruments were added to the national-level intangible cultural heritage list.

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Li people's various musical instruments of Hainan, join in the ancient rhythm | Sanya

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With a population close to 1.3 million, five tribes, and a history dating back more than 3,000 years, the Li people - the indigenous inhabitants of Hainan island - have a unique, diverse culture and a deep artistic tradition to share with the world.

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The two main traditions of Indian classical music are Carnatic music, which is found predominantly in the peninsular regions, and Hindustani music, which is found in the northern, eastern and central regions. The basic concepts of this music includes shruti (microtones), swaras (notes), alankar (ornamentations), raga (melodies improvised from basic grammars), and tala (rhythmic patterns used in percussion). Its tonal system divides the octave into 22 segments called Shrutis, not all equal but each roughly equal to a quarter of a whole tone of the Western music.

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"The term film music in India generally refers to the songs in commercial Indian films. Indian film makers have incorporated both songs and dances in virtually all popular films since the first Indian sound feature film in 1931. Producers of the early talkies drew on native dramatic traditions combining song, dance, and drama as a means of attracting audiences to the cinema, and the overwhelming success of their musical productions led all subsequent commercial film producers to adopt this musical formula."

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Here is sermon preached by the pastor at a local church in the heart of Shanghai China called the Shanghai Community Fellowship. The sermon is titled Knowing God and Making Him Knowing.

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Shanghai Community Fellowship conducts worship services in English every Sunday at Hengshan Church at 2 pm and 4 pm (service for newborn-16 at 4 pm). SCF also has a Weekday Connect service every Tuesday night, from 7-8:30pm near Shaanxi Nan Road Station.

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similar in nature to English worship songs but different in that RC people like this music too https://www.godtube.com/watch/?v=K7Y6PNNX

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Instrument made from a gourd, used to accompany classical music by providing a drone.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yI1LsCbNmpo

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When people think of Latin America they think of mariachi bands, and not much else. However, there are many other famous forms of music that comes from Latin America. Artists such as Tito Puente, who was named the "King of Latin Jazz (https://www.biography.com/musician/tito-puente), and the back up singer, Gil, of the trio "Los Panchos," who invented what is known as the Requinto guitar which is a smaller higher pitched version of a regular guitar (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/los-panchos-mn0000354189/biography). There is also artists such as Astor Piazzola who created classical/jazz pieces that were developed for the Tango (http://www.piazzolla.org/biography/biography-english.html). KS

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ENTERTAINMENT
The most common musical instruments used for entertainment in Guangdong are stringed instruments such as the erhu, a two stringed fiddle or violin, the dizi flute, a bamboo flute, and a ruan, a 4 string plucked instrument which resembles a banjo.
ERHU: https://youtu.be/7fdFGEg-9R8
DIZI FLUTE: https://youtu.be/-SyI0VvaKhA
RUAN: https://youtu.be/g4sewPWjTn8

CELEBRATION
During celebratory festivals and holidays in Guangdong, marching bands are very common. Especially in celebration of military victories, the Chinese Military Band performs. This music is quite similar to American music, although Chinese instruments are more prominently used.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yO7L__xw5vo
WORSHIP
The Chinese culture of Guangdong worships with traditional Chinese hymns and hymns which they write. Although this article is not relevant to specifically Guangdong, it touches on how Canaan hymns are influential to the Chinese culture.
http://waysoflife.info/Canaan%20Hymns.html
Canaan hymns have been written and used for Chinese worship since 1990. They are composed by  Lu Xiaomin, who has written over 1000 of these hymns over her lifetime.
Example of a Canaan hymn:
https://youtu.be/UcMKH0JCJnc

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g.d

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I found this academic paper about healing music in Nigeria. The paper talks about how different types of healers in Africa use music in their practice. I like the reference to the Bible and how David used music to sooth(heal) Saul.
SFV

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Cultural traditions are rich here. The folk music in each area is varied, and has gradually developed into local opera with its own characteristics. There are more than 20 types of opera, among them. Pingtan Opera, a form of storytelling accompanied by music, is also very popular throughout the province.
Genre: Jiangsu is home to the International Jazz Music Festival hosted at Nanjing Culture and Arts Center in Nanjing City, capital of east China's Jiangsu Province.

Influence: Jiangsu Performing Arts Group, established in 2001, is the biggest comprehensive performing art group in China, consisting of 11 affiliates (covers 12 art types), a stage center, a performing arts college, three theatres, six wholly owned companies, four holding companies, five joint stock companies, with 18 winners of the Chinese drama award the "Plum Blossom Prize", 21 Individual Prizes winners of the "Wen Hua Award", and 27 artists who enjoy special government allowances.

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Jiangsu Province Chinese Folk Song - Jasmins 江苏民歌 茉莉花

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Malhari Full Video Song | Bajirao Mastani

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Subscribe Now for More Exclusive Videos! https://www.youtube.com/erosnow Play Free Music back to back only on Eros Now - https://goo.gl/BEX4zD Watch Ranveer Singh perfectly capture the victorious spirit of Peshwa warrior Bajirao in this high-octane traditional song 'Malhari' from 'Bajirao Mastani'.

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In Shanghai China. Music is believed to have healing qualities and it often used to treat a certain hearing condition called tinnitus. This is a condition that causes constant ringing in your ears and it is believed to be mostly mental rather than a physical condition. The therapy consists of listening to a 30 minute track 3 times a day and it supposedly lessens or stops the ringing. As well as hearing conditions Music is used to heal the five main parts of the body which correspond with the five notes of Chinese music.

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The following video discusses the benefits of music therapy with people who have hearing conditions, specifically people who have constant ringing in their ears with no external source, otherwise known as tinnitus. The video talks about using music therapy to help heal the mental aspects as opposed to the physical aspects of tinnitus.

Chinese Music Therapy Video

Transcript of the Music Therapy Video

In ancient China, music therapy was considered a form of holistic healing. Now, in modern day Shanghai doctors are revisiting the ancient art and prescribing it to patients.

Chinese doctors are looking back to ancient practices to cure health problems. Recently music therapy has been gaining ground as a means to help people with hearing conditions. The five notes from traditional Chinese music are believed to correspond to the five main organs of the body: the spleen, lungs, liver, heart, and kidney.

In particular, music therapy is being applied to treat tinnitus, a condition of perpetually hearing ringing in the ear despite no external source.

Dr. Li Ming who specializes in ear and throat treatment is examining the potential of using music therapy for other ailments.

Dr. Li Ming, Chief Physician, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai
On top of the existing musical therapy treatments, Chinese music therapy is targeted towards treating the energy and balances in our body which cause psychological discomfort. Through listening to the five ancient Chinese notes, we are looking at whether there are any problems with the five main organs.

The music therapy is to holistically heal internal and external problems. While some patients claim is not effective physically, they have benefited from the mental healing.

Hu Ping, Patient
I would not say music therapy directly influences my ear ringing...it is only giving some music to your brain. We know it can never fully treat this problem. The main thing is still the psychological aspect. If you sort out the psychological problem, everything else does not matter.

The patients are asked to listen to a thirty minute track three times a day. Some patients might suffer from ear ringing their whole lives, but Dr. Li hopes the music therapy will help them ease off from focusing on the problem.

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Music Therapy in China Helps Treat Hearing Conditions - Art Therapy

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The following video discusses the benefits of music therapy with people who have hearing conditions, specifically people who have constant ringing in their ears with no external source, otherwise known as tinnitus. The video talks about using music therapy to help heal the mental aspects as opposed to the physical aspects of tinnitus.

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The ngombi harp is used by a priest to house a female divinity. Generally known to be used by the Bwiti cult in Gabon.

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Ngombi vibes : traditional harp music of Gabon

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Bokayé! This 8-string harp from Gabon is called Ngombi and belongs to the ancient family of arched harps that can be seen in the pictographic rock art at the Ennedi Plateau in Chad and the Tassili n'Ajjer cave paintings in Algeria, as well as in Egyptian frescoes.

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One of the most popular genres in Latin American music is Romantic, in the form of ballads. Often with ten line verses, or couplets. Another common genre involves work songs, which includes farming. This became very common in rural areas. Some ballad subgenres include Cuba's Punto Guajiro or Peasant's Song.

DM

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Regional styles and genres

Latin American folk and popular music comprises numerous musical styles and genres that have emerged over time in specific countries or regions. These styles originate in the indigenous, European, and African heritage of Latin America; the particular combination of influences varies by country, region, and social group.

Hispanic American and Luso-Brazilian folk musics continue to relate to their Iberian heritage. The most pervasive elements of that heritage are the main features of the European musical system: modal and tonal melodies, symmetric melodic contours, tonal harmony, sectional formal structures, and particular types of ensemble combinations and arrangements. Typical traits of Spanish folk song, such as regular two- and four-bar phrases with a repeated structure, prevail in the extensive repertory of Hispanic American vocal and instrumental music.

The most widespread song genres in Hispanic America are the Spanish romance, a ballad type of medieval origin, in a décima (10-line verse) or copla (couplet) literary structure; the song duel that gave rise to the desafio ("challenge"), contrapunto (poetry contest), and porfía ("dispute"); the generic son; the amatory tonada; and children's songs. The traditional Spanish villancicos have developed into many Christmas song genres, including the aguinaldo (carol), adoración, and coplas de Navidad (Christmas couplets). Iberian work song genres, particularly those associated with farming, found their suitable place in many Latin American rural communities. Types of ballads are the Mexican, Central American, and Chilean corrido; the Cuban punto guajiro (peasant song); and the coplas and romances of various nations. The vast repertory of the canción, found with many different regional names, tends to have a lyrical, romantic character.

By far the most numerous genres are combinations of song and dance. Nearly all of the major national genres follow this format. Examples are the son of Mexico and of Cuba, the merengue of the Dominican Republic, the plena of Puerto Rico, the bambuco of Colombia, the joropo of Venezuela, the pasillo of Ecuador, the huayno and marinera of Peru, the of Bolivia and of Chile, the tango-canción of Argentina and its Uruguayan counterpart, and the samba of Brazil.

Mestizo musics of either Indian-Hispanic or Afro-Iberian traditions exhibit their own stylistic idiosyncrasies. For example, mestizo music of the Andean regions is strongly influenced by Quechua descending pentatonic melodies and by characteristic two-beat rhythmic patterns. Call-and-response patterns characterize Afro-Iberian styles; other aspects of those styles include syncopated melodies and accompaniments, driving rhythms, complex polyrhythmic textures, and extensive improvisation.

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Latin American music - Folk and popular music

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Latin American music - Latin American music - Folk and popular music: Latin American folk and popular music comprises numerous musical styles and genres that have emerged over time in specific countries or regions. These styles originate in the indigenous, European, and African heritage of Latin America; the particular combination of influences varies by country, region, and social group.

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Other ways of providing the drone - shruti box, and electronic shruti box
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kO11x5DauzE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-4WChdlKd0

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDZBU0EIjec
Drums play an important part in many aspects of African culture: war, entertainment and inspiration, celebrations, healing rituals, worship, etc.  For the small country of Burundi, drums lie at the heart of culture and tradition.

-Sarah Z.

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Ravi Shankar - famous sitar player, explaining what a raga is (probably skip to 1:42 and then  to 6:49).
Raga does dictate the notes used, but it is not a key or a scale. Songs are based on these ragas, which are associated with certain moods, or times of day. Each performance would be different though, because it is very much based in improvisation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0fSUOiar0k

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Famous musicians
Tito puente
Selena
Carlos Santana
Carmen

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This is another academic paper about healing music in Africa.This time it focuses on drumming. I like that it includes excerpts of different drum rhythms and explains how they are used.
SFV

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Within tribal areas in India, men and women a usually separated in song. Women's song are often unaccompanied and sung in wedding, childbirths, festivals, and during agricultural and household activities. Men's song are often accompanied by percussion instruments and are connected with devotional practices, particular festivals, and work.

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WORSHIP
There is not a very large number of believers in Hainan. Out of the 1.3 million people on the island, only about 300,000 believers. In this video, there is footage of a worship training session that looks almost like a children's ministry or a vacation bible school situation.

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Pray, Praise & Worship Seminar @ Hainan-China, 4-7 May 2009

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Traditional funeral song
Many

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The tango was a dance that was developed in brothels in Latin America. At the beginning the dance was just between two men, but then it developed into the dance that brought two partners very close together. Astor Piazzolla is a famous musician who is known for his famous Tango, "Libertango" (http://www.triogarufa.com/tango-history.html) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUAPf_ccobc). KS

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aR_yCxIxDDc&t=14s

https://www.gadventures.com/blog/story-behind-maasai-jumping-dance/

Dancing also plays an important part in Africa's culture.  The Masai dance accompanies rites of passage and ceremonies. The first link is a video of a Masai tribe dance, and the second link provides more insight in to the tribe's unique dancing.

-Sarah Z.

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CELEBRATION
There is music for any kind of celebration in Hainan. They have songs that are sung by both men and women. The songs consist of call and response where one partner sings four lines and then the next continues on with four more lines. This could continue for a little while, making the songs long sometimes. Two different common types of songs are ones that follow the pattern of seven characters per line and ones that alternate between seven characters and three characters.

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Example of drumming for the transcendental being, Eshu or Esu.

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Esu " Yoruba Spirit of Positive and Negative Energies."

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Provided to YouTube by CDBaby Esu " Yoruba Spirit of Positive and Negative Energies." · Adedayo Ologundudu Orin Orisa. Yoruba Traditional songs of praises for Orisa ℗ 2009 Adedayo Ologundudu Released on: 2009-10-22 Auto-generated by YouTube.

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A funeral in Wa, Ghana. The deceased (Janet) was the wife of an appeal court judge, his lordship Zubaru. Here, the people of her village are paying tribute to her body.

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A Funeral in Ghana: Call and Response with Xylophone Music (Wa, Upper West Region)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so3MrmFxdj8&t=19s

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/erev.12301
Rain dances are performed as a musical petition to appease the land, in hopes that it will provide rain. The first link shows a video of an African rain dance, and the second is a book further explaining rainmaking/rain dances.

-Sarah Z.

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The Music of the Chinese Province of Tibet Pt. 1 – Kent J Ehrman

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The Music of the Chinese Province of Tibet Pt. 1 – Kent J Ehrman

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The culture of Tibet is a long standing and very traditional one, and this extends of course extends to their music. In fact, the people of Tibet have music and song so ingrained in their culture, that even the Chinese government has given it’s praise to Tibet. “Tibetans are good dancers and singers. Their songs and music are well-modulated in tone and the words fit well with the tunes. They often dance while they sing. Their dancing is beautiful with movements executed either with the arms and waist or with legs and feet, and the tap dance is most typically Tibetan.” (1)
1. Hays, Jeffrey. “MUSIC IN TIBET.” Facts and Details, http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat6/sub36/item206.html.

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The Music of the Chinese Province of Tibet Pt. 2 – Kent J Ehrman

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The Music of the Chinese Province of Tibet Pt. 2 – Kent J Ehrman

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As for the actual musical instruments used in Tibetan culture, the instruments themselves demonstrate the ingenuity and resourcefulness of the Tibetan peoples. Many of these traditional instruments include: “bamboo flutes, human thighbone flutes, conch shells, cymbals, hand drums, bells, oboe-like flageolets, conch shell trumpets, drums made of two skull halves placed back to back, four-meter-long tonqin horns, dama drums”. (1)
1. Hays, Jeffrey. “MUSIC IN TIBET.” Facts and Details, http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat6/sub36/item206.html.

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The Music of the Chinese Province of Tibet Pt. 3 – Kent J Ehrman

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The Music of the Chinese Province of Tibet Pt. 3 – Kent J Ehrman

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Similar to many other cultures, Traditional Tibetan music can be classified into secular and sacred music. Here for your listening pleasure, I’ve provided an example of ritualistic music of Tibet. “Offerings for General Protectors, Sarkam”.
The Offerings for General Protectors, Sarkam:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7VetignX5s

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There are many different dances accompanied by music that mean different things. A popular fiesta I looked up was the Andean Mistizo Festival in Paucartando, Peru. The dancers are named different things according to the different things that they do. An example is the Qolla dancers who are labelled as outsiders during the festivities. The Qolla dancers are labelled as outsiders and their rivals are the Chuncho dancers, who are described as being more refined. The musical style played during this time is called Mestizo Music (http://www.cabrillo.edu/~mstrunk/Music12/Wk12/Music%20In%20Latin%20America.htm). KS

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Funerals and sadness usually go together, but in African lament it is more a time of fellowship with friends and family. Most lament music in Africa is call and response music. Their usually is only drum accompaniment, but some cases use other instruments. More times than not, African funerals involve music to pay tribute to the people that have passed.

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"A common form of rhythmic-metric organization in mestizo music results from the combination of duple and triple rhythms—as if musicians were playing in both 3/4 (waltz time) and 6/8 (jig-time) meters within the same piece. Known as sesquialtera (or hemiola), duple and triple rhythmic patterns can be juxtaposed sequentially by the same instrument or are played simultaneously by different instruments within an ensemble. Thus, a bass instrument might emphasize a triple (3/4) feeling against the duple feeling played by a guitarist, with the maraca player moving back and forth between duple and triple patterns. The tension that results from juxtaposing duple and triple rhythms creates a wonderful excitement in the music. In addition to sesquialtera rhythmic organization, local variants of the waltz in 3/4 time are widespread as are variants of the European polka, marches, and other genres in 2/4 and 4/4 time"(http://www.cabrillo.edu/~mstrunk/Music12/Wk12/Music%20In%20Latin%20America.htm). KS

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"Vamos a Darnos Tiempo" is a song by the Latin American artist Jose Jose. The song is a lament about losing love and respect for his partner. The song continues to say that time will tell if this can be fixed or not.

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José José - Vamos a Darnos Tiempo (Cover Audio)

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This instrument, the nkangala, is used in Malawi by women who miss their husbands or friends. When they play it it resonates through their skull, having a calming effect.
SFV

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African entertainment music is commonly associated with dance. Even the types of instruments they have reflect this as it incorporates a lot of movement. LT

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The Griot was an African praise singer/musicians. Instruments in this type of entertainment usually included the kora, xalam, and balafon LT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WziSjK7BTJY

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Latin American cultures use music to worship gods such as the jaguar, which is presented in the form of bass trumpets. The ancient tradition of jaguar worship manifested itself in the practice of initiation rituals which instilled fear in its male participants.  Because of the nature of the rituals, only men were allowed to play flutes, which established gender tension in Latin America. Below is a Mayan ritual: MI

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You Need To See This!!! ,,, Very interesting Mayan (Native Mexican) Rituals and Ceremonies!

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Dances and Dramas in Latin Americas attempt to explain moral issues and show political and cultural ideas and tensions. The "Baile de moros y cristianos" , for instance, celebrates the expansion of the Spanish empire and the triumph of good (which is Christianity) over evil (the muslim faith). MI

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Mariachi bands are a form of organized folk music in the Latin Americas which can still be heard today. This often includes vocalists, two violins, vihuela, and guitarron or vocalists, two violins, a harp, and the guitarron de golpe. More recently, horns have been introduced into mariachi. MI (https://content.westmusic.com/resources/brief-history-of-mariachi/)

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Mariachi Sol De Mexico Perform Guadalajara | GRAMMYs

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There are many musicals that have heavy Latin American influences and cultural ideas. Such shows include "Evita" and "West Side Story" which both express political and societal tensions of Latin America. MI
https://youtu.be/ivOrKizry94

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WEST SIDE STORY (Broadway) - "America" [LIVE]

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This video portrays traditions of the Shona people. They focus mostly on spirits and dreams. In the video, there is a focus on the Soul of Mbira.

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Zimbabwe: The Soul of Mbira / Traditions of the Shona People

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This record is for purposes of dissemination and non commercial use. ................................................................................... 1. Nhemamusasa 2. Taireva 3. Nyamaropa 4. Kuyadya Hove Kune Mazove 5. Mbiriviri 6. Nhimutimu 7. Nyamaropa yeVana Vava Mushonga 8. Dangurangu 9. Kumakudo ------ Originally released in 1973 as The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People of Rhodesia (H-72054).

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Worship in Africa mostly focuses on spirits and the souls of the dead. Therefore, most examples have to do with summoning spirits and there is often dance to accompany these rituals. Songs almost always include rhythmic beats and chants. The instruments used are traditionally known to replicate a body, with a head, front, and back.

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https://youtu.be/LOS0kA_O6IQ

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https://youtu.be/LsbupcCXhg4

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Sona Jobarteh is a renown vocalist from Gambia. She is significant for being the first female musician virtuoso. She also is part of the Griot family and plays the Kora. Her hope is to preserve and incorporate traditional music such as instruments into her songs. She does this in her song 'Gambia.' LT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtmmlOQnTXM

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Indonesian gamelan medley from Java, Sunda and Bali