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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

SPARP
FREEDOM OF
SPEECH
PRESS
ASSEMBLY
RELIGION
PETITION

the government cannot establish a religion.

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A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

This act gives citizens the right to bare arms. You can legally have a concealed weapon if you have the correct documentation and permit.

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No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

This act protects the right to a free trial. This is the right to remain silent, or protection from self-incrimination. Double jeopardy, no on can be accused twice for the same offence.  Eminent domain, the government has the right to take your property for public use, but they must pay you. Due process, the process must happen in the way it must happen and you cannot deprive you of that due process.

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No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law

This act bans the quartering of soldiers in one's home.

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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

The government/police can't search you or your property without a warrant.

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

This act protects you form excessive bail, or cruel and unusual punishment.

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In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

This act gives citizens the right to a fast and speedy trial. You are entitled to a lawyer.

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In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

You cannot sue someone for anything $20 or under. If it exceeds $20 ($7500) then you have the right to bring it to court.

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The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Big Ben vs. The States
The states have reserved powers.
ex) licenses, education, and marriage licences.

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The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

The people have unalienable rights that may not be directly stated.
ex) privacy and protection by federal government.