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1a camera setting corresponding to a particular f-number

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In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An optical system typically has many openings or structures that limit the ray bundles

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allowing the photographer or the DSLR camera to set the shutter speed first, and the camera then adjusts the other settings, based on the shutter speed. The “S” mode is short for “shutter priority automatic.

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allows the photographer to determine the exposure of an image by letting them select an aperture value and a shutter speed value. ... As knowledge of photography is increased, most people look towards the two semi-automatic exposure modes called aperture priority and shutter priority (AV, TV).

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The letters AV (for Canon camera's) or A (for Nikon camera's) on your mode dial sets your digital SLR camera to aperture priority. Your camera then changes all other settings such as shutter speed automatically to suit.

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TV mode stands for Time Value but is better known as Shutter Priority Mode. In TV mode the user specifies a shutter speed, while the camera adjusts the aperture size to correctly expose the image.

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Program mode (the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs) means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed. Program mode also unlocks other functions that give you more creative control over your images.

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ASA and ISO are both measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light. ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used.

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It is an optical effect, the magnitude of which (amount of grain) depends on both the film stock and the definition at which it is observed. It can be objectionably noticeable in an over-enlarged photographic film photograph.”

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ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in film photography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain.

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refers to visual distortion. Noise looks like tiny colored pixels or specks in your photograph, and sometimes resembles the grain that you may see in film photography.

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is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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A digital single-lens reflex camera is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film. The reflex design scheme is the primary difference between a DSLR and other digital cameras.

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a set of data that describes and gives information about other data.

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Thumbnails are reduced-size versions of pictures or videos, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words.

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SOOC means “straight-out-of-camera” and denotes *ZERO* computer photoshop.

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Vibration Reduction (Nikon) and Image Stabilization (Canon) is the name of a technology that helps stabilize the lens movement associated from hand shake. These stabilizers help eliminate blurry photos resulting from hand shake or if you're shutter speed is too slow.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a "beep," and some of the AF points will light up (often in a red or green color) in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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he exposure level indicatormoves depending on your exposure settings. If you set your exposure settings so that the exposure level indicator is on 0, you'll take the standard exposure. ... As you make changes to shutter speed and aperture, the ISO will automatically adjust to keep the exposure at 0 EV.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker. In modes P, S, and A, the camera automatically adjusts settings for optimal exposure, but this may not always produce the exposure the photographer intended.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.

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A 35 mm lens set to f/11. The depth-of-field scale (top) indicates that a subject which is anywhere between 1 and 2 meters in front of the camera will be rendered acceptably sharp. If the aperture were set to f/22 instead, everything from just over 0.7 meters almost to infinity would appear to be in focus.

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Since different types of lighting affect the way a camera's sensor captures color, most digital cameras and camcorders include an auto white balance (AWB) setting.

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the natural light of the day.

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comparative darkness and coolness caused by shelter from direct sunlight.

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(of the sky or weather) covered with or characterized by clouds; overcast.

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Tungsten light refers to an artificial lighting source (like a lamp or ceiling fixture) that emits heat and produce a “warmer” or reddish colour. It is distinguished from fluorescent lighting (which generates much lower heat), and strobe lighting.

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fluorescent lighting is a kind of lighting technology which depends on a chemical reaction inside of a glass tube to create light. This chemical reaction involves gases and mercury vapor interacting, which produces an invisible UV light. That invisible UV light illuminates the phosphor powder coating the inside of the glass tube, emitting white "fluorescent" light.

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A flash is a device used in photography producing a flash of artificial light (typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second) at a color temperature of about 5500 K to help illuminate a scene. A major purpose of a flash is to illuminate a dark scene

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a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society, place, or time.

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the time for which a shutter is open at a given setting.

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This means the camera will keep taking a picture until your finger comes off the shutter button. Bulb mode is mostly used for long exposures at night. The main advantage is that it allows the photographer to achieve shutter speeds longer than the 30 seconds (displayed 30″ on the camera) that is allowed on most DSLRs.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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a three-legged stand for supporting a camera or other apparatus.

a one-legged support for a camera or fishing rod.

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The phenomenon known as camera shake is caused by movement of the camera(hence the name :-)), which becomes noticeable as blur when using a slow shutter speed.

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shadows are an entity as alive as the light. It is the shadows that shape the light, draw attention to the light, and integrate with the light to produce striking photographic opportunities.

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The midtones gradually blend into the shadows as the surface becomes farther from the light source. Shadows can have sharp or smooth edges. It depends on the surface of the object and the intensity of light.

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A highlight is a bright spot in a photograph. Normally it is assumed to be one of the brightest points in the image. Highlights are normally created by a bright or intense illumination or by various forms of diffusion or reflection. Highlights are created by any bright light source.

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a reddish-brown color associated particularly with monochrome photographs of the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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The term post-processing (or postproc for short) is used in the video/film business for quality-improvement image processing (specifically digital image processing) methods used in video playback devices, (such as stand-alone DVD-Video players), and video players software and transcoding software.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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denoting the photographic technique of taking a sequence of frames at set intervals to record changes that take place slowly over time. When the frames are shown at normal speed, or in quick succession, the action seems much faster.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph

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panning means swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position. This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right. In the resulting image, the view seems to "pass by" the spectator as new material appears on one side of the screen and exits from the other

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The numbers 720 and 1080 refer to the horizontal resolution. Therefore, 720p HD camera resolution provides images that are 1280 x 720 pixels (that adds up to 921,600 pixels, which means a 720p HD camera is not technically a megapixel camera), and 1080p HD cameras provide 1920 x 1080-pixel resolution, or 2.1 megapixels.