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Weakened the ability of the treaty of Versailles to provide a lasting piece of Europe.

The Treaty was a war guilt clause forcing Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting WWI.

Germany was stripped of its colonial possessions  in the Pacific.

The Union of Soviet socialists republics as Russia was officially called after 1922, became determined to regain its former territory.

Vietnamese people were beginning to demand the same political rights enjoined by people in Western nations.

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- january 18 1918 woodrow wilson delivered his famous fourteen points speech before congress. the points were divided into three groups. the first five points were issues that wilson believed  had to be addressed to prevent another war.

-1. Open covenants of peace and transparent diplomacy.

-2. Absolute freedom of the seas.

3. The removal of economic and trade barriers.

-4. An end to arms races.

-5. National self-determination to figure in adjustment of colonial claims.

the next eight point dealt with boundary changes
the fourteenth point called for the creation of an international organization to address diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the war.
- this organization was know as the league of nations.

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- When Wilson returned to the United States, he
faced strong opposition to the treaty
- Herbert Hoover,
believed the treaty was too harsh.
- Some ethnic groups objected to the treaty because the new
national boundaries it established did not satisfy their particular demands for self
determination.
- before the war many Poles had been under German rule.
- Now many Germans were under Polish rule.

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-Woodrow Wilson was the president of the United States at the time
- Wilson set out in 1919 on an 8,000-mile tour and he delivered 34 speeches in about three weeks.
-Those speeches explained why the Untited States should join the leaug of nations.
-on October 2nd Wilson suffered a stroke and layed patrially paralized for more than 2 months unable to meet with his cabinet.
-Although the senate rejected the lodge amendments it also failed to ratify the treaty with Germany.
-The treaty again came up for a vote in 1920
-the senate again rejected the lodge admentments. They also failed to muster up enough votes for ratification.
-The United States finally signed a seperate treaty with Germany in 1921 after Wilsons presidency had ended that same year.

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* The french premier, George Clemenceau had lived through two German invasions of France and was determined to prevent future invasions.
* The Italian prime minister, Vittorio Orlando, wanted control of Austrian-held territory.
* The big four which was Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George, and Orlando-worked out the treaties details about themselves.
* Wilson conceded on most of his fourteen points in return for the establishment of the League of Nations.

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~Treaty of Versailles established nine nations, it also shifted boundaries of other nations
~Carved out five areas of the Ottoman Empire, and gave them to France and Great Britain as temporary colonies
~Treaty barred Germany from maintaining an army
~Required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France
~Required that Germany pay 33 billion dollars to the Allies, to cover war debt

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*A few opponents believed that the League threatened the U.S. foreign policy of isolationism.
*Henry Cabot Lodge was an American Republican Senator and historian from Massachusetts
*They were suspicious of the provision for joint economic and military action against aggression, even though it was voluntary.