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Disease:  Type I Diabetes

Macro:  A person with untreated Type 1 diabetes can experience symptoms such as blindness.

Micro: This symptom occurs because insulin (biological molecule) is not being made by islet cells (cells) within the parenchymal tissue (tissue) of the pancreas (organ).  This causes glucose (biological molecule) within the blood (tissue) to be too high.  Over time, high glucose levels in the blood can damage the retina in the eye (organ) leading to blindness.

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The disease Tuberculosis (TB)  is an airborne bacterial infection. There are two types of this disease: Active Tuberculosis and Latent Tuberculosis. Active tuberculosis is when the TB bacteria is growing and causing the individual to experience symptoms. Whereas, Latent TB is when the bacteria is in your body but you are not sick and have no symptoms. However, you are at risk for developing the disease.
On the Macro Level, Active Tuberculosis can be fatal when untreated. This disease can be treated with antibiotic medication.
On the Micro Level,  the bacteria enters the body through breathing it in. The bacteria lodges itself within the lungs tissue (Tissue). Then, the bacteria can move throughout the body through blood (Tissue) circulation or the lymphatic system (Organ System). The bacteria multiplies and attacks organs, and can spread to various different organ systems. The bacteria reproduces with human cells in order to spread the disease to others

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The disease I chose to talk about is lung cancer. The symptoms that are happening at the macro level are shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing with blood, etc and this is caused when healthy cells that are in your lungs becomes more damaged with every time you are exposed to cigarette which is occurring at the micro level.

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Narcolepsy:

On the macro level, symptoms are represented by fatigue, excessive sleeping, paralysis and or cataplexy (partial or total loss of muscle control, often triggered by strong emotion)

On the micro level, the chemicals in your brain form an imbalance of hypocretin (a neuropeptide hormone that helps regulate your alertness).

A person with narcolepsy may go through the day achieving various “highs” and “lows”. On the macro level, the person will appear to go from being lethargic, to suddenly being full of energy, only to crash shortly after. These highs and lows are often noticeable when the person’s mood changes drastically. If they are happy/excited one minute, they can quickly become the opposite simply due to a lack of energy. This in turn affects your organs as well. It can alter your appetite if you are too tired to eat, thus depriving your body of needed nutrients. While your mind knows you need them, you don’t have the physical energy to actually get up and make something to eat.

During the highs and lows on a micro level, hypocretin is produced at irregular rates. If there isn’t enough at a given time, it tends to make the host feel extremely tired, and without energy. If the chemical is no longer imbalanced, the brief period where things stabilize, the host will feel a “high”, as if they suddenly have extra energy that they did not have before.

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Cystic fibrosis

The symptoms of cystic fibrosis is persistent coughing with phlegm, frequent lung infections such as pneumonia or bronchitis and wheezing.

This disease is an inherited gene mutation that affects the digestive and respiratory system. This mutation cause the cells that produce mucus, sweat and our digestive juices to go from thin fluid to a thick and sticky fluid. This mainly causes blockages in the airways, nasal passages and also the digestive system. thus causing increased lung infections, coughing and wheezing due to lack of function in the lungs caused by the thickening of fluid over time.

This gene mutation is passed on through our genes and not everyone that has the gene will develop it but if both parent are carriers then there is a 25% chance that the child will be born with cystic fibrosis and have the gene. Another 25% chance the child will be born without the gene nor have cystic fibrosis and another 50% chance that a child will be a carrier but not affected.

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Parkinson's Disease

Marco: The symptoms of Parkinson's Disease consists of Tremors, slowness of movement, muscle stiffness, loss of sense of smell, insomnia ect.

Micro: This disease is caused by the loss of nerve cells in the part of the brain that produces dopamine. Which acts as messenger between the parts of the brain  and the nervous system that helps co-ordinate the body's movements. Which leads to all the symptoms, loss of movement in the body, tingling, insomnia, loss of balance ect.

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Breast Cancer

Macro; A person with breast cancer can feel symptoms such as a firm or large lump that feels very different from the rest of the breast. Some other symptoms include, bone pain, nausea and weight loss.

Micro: This disease is caused by a cancerous (malignant) tumour which is a group of cancer cells that can grow into and destroy nearby tissue It also has the ability to spread to other parts of the body.Cells in the breast sometimes change and no longer grow or behave normally.

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Crohn's Disease
A patient with Crohn's is often subject to periods of time where they are not exhibiting symptoms. Analyzing on a macro level, when the disease is active, patients report numerous digestive related issues including: diarrhea, abdominal pain, reduced appetite and weight loss. On a micro level, the patient is experiencing inflammation of varying parts of the digestive system. This inflammation in turn, causes the macro symptoms to occur. Left untreated, this disease can grow to affect a larger part of the tract.

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Disease: Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease is one type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This is a lifelong condition that has no known cause or cure and affects the body’s GI tract from mouth to anus.

1)Macro: A person with active Crohn’s disease can develop fistulas. A fistula is an abnormal tunnel that runs between two body parts (ie. Between the small and large intestine or between the intestine and the bladder).

Micro: A fistula is caused by tunnelling sores or ulcers in the intestines. These ulcers are caused by inflammation of the digestive tract.

2)Macro: A person with Crohn’s can suffer from diarrhea

Micro: There are various types of Crohn’s disease, one type is called Ileocolitis. This type causes inflammation for the ileum. The ilium is the part of the intestine that absorbs bile acid (which helps to absorb fat). If the body cannot process the fat then the person may suffer from bile acid diarrhea.

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Schizophrenia

Although schizophrenia is classified as a mental illness, the concept of "macro" and "micro" processes is able to be  applied in order to illustrate cause and effect within the human body. The human brain is extremely complex, and can by influenced by a wide variety of factors. An extremely small change is capable of causing serious alterations in behavior.

Macro: Schizophrenia causes serious behavioral changes, which present differently in affected individuals. The most common symptoms include: delusions, hallucinations,  disorganized thinking, and abnormal motor behavior.

Micro: Although the specific events that lead up to the development of schizophrenia are unknown, there has been a large amount of research that links brain abnormalities to the disease. Specifically, abnormalities in the amount of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine) are capable of causing these major behavioral changes. A lack of brain mass in certain areas is also seen in affected patients.

Scientists know that changes in brain chemistry cause these symptoms, but there are a large number of external and internal influences that have been connected to the onset of the disease.

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Myocardial Infarction

The Heart is the one of the most compelling organs of the body. It is the the pumphouse of the body and has very strong regulating capabilities.  The myocardial infarction or heart attack is the macro event that is triggered buy a series of micro events .

Micro event happens when there is insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle due to depots and build up of plaque called atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis happens when the smooth muscle and elastic lining of the inside artery becomes hard and stiff. The plaque consists of calcium, fats or lipids, abnormal cells and calcium phosphate deposits itself into the muscular layer of blood vessels.

This has a complete impact in the function, health and life of the heart and the cardiac circulatory system.

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Disease - Parasite Infections in human.
Macro -  When your body is infected by parasite such as Tapeworm , flukes, Pin worms and many others. In these section we would talk about tapeworm found in humans. Your body gives signals such as lumps or bumbs , Allergic reaction , Fever, Neurological problems such as seizures.

Micro - These micro event happens when you drink contaminated water which contains larvae or eggs of tapeworm. These is a bridge through which tapeworm enters in human intestine.Tapeworm embed their head in intenstinal wall so that they can not pass out through anus. Then from their tapeworm lay eggs and migrate to other parts of body.

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Human Illness: Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus, or in more specific Type 1 Diabetes, is an illness that us causes high blood sugars. With diabetes you body is unable to produce an effective amount of the hormone insulin, and for the low amount the body does create, it is unable to absorb it completely.

On a macro level, the body can present symptoms such as blurry vision, extreme fatigue and wounds that don't heal. I untreated these symptoms can lead to more detrimental results of nerve damage, blindness and damage to other organs.

On a micro level, these symptoms begin to occur due to the low level of insulin(biological molecule) the body (organism) is able to produce and then absorb. Type 1 Diabetes is formed in the pancreas (organ) where insulin is created. It then eats away at it, which then heightens the sugars (biological molecule) in the blood (tissue) , creating an ultimately high blood sugar. Untreated, this will result in damage to other organs.

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Disease: Pulmonary Heart Disease

Macro: A person with pulmonary heart disease can suffer from many different symptoms. One of them being Cyanosis.

Micro: The heart and blood vessels make up the cardiovascular system (organ system). Pulmonary heart disease occurs when the right ventricle is working too hard to try and pump blood to the lungs (organ). The lack of oxygen through the body creates an excessive amount of deoxyhemoglobin (biological molecule). When oxygen levels drop below 85% - 75%, the tissues (tissue) near the skin’s surface become discoloured causing cyanosis.

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DVT and Pulmonary embolism

Macro:
A person who is immobile for a long period of time (think hospital bed or long flight).  Is at risk of developing Deep Vein Thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism. They develop swelling in the legs that could eventually lead to shortness of breath and a sudden sharp pain in the chest.

Micro:
When a blood clot forms in a deep vein in the body ( typically the legs ) its called deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Unlike arteries, who rely on the heart to pump blood through them, veins rely on muscles (like calves) to push blood back towards the heart. Veins have valves that prevent blood from traveling backwards.
Someone who doesn't move for a long period of time could risk blood pooling in their legs, which could cause blood to start forming clots. (DVT)

These clots could eventually become dislodged and travel through your veins into your heart. Within the heart the clot could get lodged in the pulmonary artery, causing a blockage that stops oxygen from going to the lungs.

This is called a pulmonary embolism which is caused by deep vein thrombosis.

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Fever usually happens every year. Normally, the cause of fever comes from climate and weather. It is hard to predict that who will have a fever.

In "macro" level, your body will feel hot, will sweat, will feel chill and shiver, and will be loss of appetite which are happened when you got fever.

In "micro" level, when you want to eat, the fever will cause you to lose appetite. Usually, in side your body, the Pepsin enzyme and Hydrochloric acid which come from your stomach will be reduced. That is why you feel bored when you eat.

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The disease I chose to research was Asthma.

Macro: At a macro level, an individual with Asthma can experience symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing and chest pain/tightness.

Macro: The reason the individual will experience these symptoms is because the respiratory system (organ system) becomes inflamed and filled with mucus. This causes airflow blockage, which makes it hard for the individual to breathe, causing wheezing. The inability to breathe as well as the inflammation can result in chest pain or tightness.

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The disease

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Disease: Acne Vulgaris

Macro: A person with acne vulgaris has whiteheads (open comedones), blackheads (closed comedones), bumps with no visible fluid (papules), and bumps containing pus (pustules) on the skin.

Micro: Acne occurs when Androgens (biological molecule) overstimulate the sebaceous glands (accessory organ) resulting in excessive sebum production. Then, the  excess sebum attracts p. acnes (microorganism). They are attracted to sebum because they feed off of the fatty acids (biological molecule) in it. These p. acnes are acne causing bacteria. After that, the sebum together with the bacteria and sloughed off stratum corneum cells (cell) line up the follicles. With all these happening, the stratum corneum cells (cell) become abnormally sticky resulting to clogged pores.

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Disease: Appendicitis

Macro: At a macro level appendicitis can cause a person to experience abdominal pain, low fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Micro: The reason the person (organism) will experience this is because they have inflammation in their appendix (organ). The appendix becomes inflamed due to a blockage in the lining of the appendix, this causes bacteria (cell) to multiply rapidly and produce too many white blood cells which in turn makes the the tissue (tissue) of the organ inflamed. Now that the organ is inflamed it causes a cut off of blood supply, suspending the circulatory system (organ system), and finally the appendix starts the fail.

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The disease is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
that was my choice today which is one of the most diseases that our world suffer from. The symptoms that are caused at the Marco level are blood in urine, tiredness and an increased need to pee and shortness in breathing etc. This is caused when your body health in uncontrolled or poorly controlled. on a micro level that affect frequently to those who suffer from high blood pressure or diabetes when your blood sugar is too high it cause many damage in many organs in your body including the kidneys and the heart.

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Ebola

At the macro level Ebola causes fever, bleeding and bruising, diarrhea and vomiting.

At the micro level Ebola disrupts the body's ability to fight back by inhibiting immune response signals to white blood cells. This allows the virus to move through the blood vessels (tissue) unimpeded. The virus is absorbed by macrophages (cells) in the blood vessels which release proteins (biological molecule) that cause blood clots throughout the blood vessels. This also signals the body to create inflammatory proteins and nitric oxide (elements) that create leaks in the blood vessels. Ebola also attacks other cells in the body and destroys them from the inside. The liver (organ) is targeted specifically because it creates coagulation proteins that could stop the haemorrhaging. Once Ebola has done enough damage to the GI tract (Organ System), it causes diarrhea followed by dehydration. The virus also attack the adrenal glands (organ) which help to regulate blood pressure. This causes blood pressure to drop in the circulatory system and prevents the organs from receiving oxygen (element). The end result is that the body can no longer maintain the blood pressure required to circulate oxygen (homeostasis) to all the organs and they cease functioning. The infected person dies from shock brought on by low blood pressure.

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Disease: Bone Tumor
Bone Tumor occurs when cells split unusually and out of control. It then forms a clump of tissue . The clump is called a tumor. Bone tumors now begin to mold in your bones. As the tumor grows in your bone, unusual tissue can take the place of healthy tissue. Tumors can either be benign or malignant. Benign tumor is non cancerous while malignant is cancerous.

Macro Level: Malignant bone tumors can cause cancer to spread throughout the body.

Micro Level: This occurs when more unusual cells are present than the immune system can handle. The cells do not die, they increase and spread in clump of tumors. In time, that unusual increase causes the cells to take over the nearby tissues.

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Disease: Celiac
If you have no prior knowledge of celiac and what it is, it is a immune reaction to eating gluten. Over time the gluten destroys the lining of your small intestine, the small intestine being where you absorb all of your nutrients from your food.
Macro: Celiac disease can cause symptoms such as malnutrition and delayed growth.

Micro: This symptom occurs because the villi (used to absorb nutrients) that line the villi are then attacked by the immune system, the villi used to absorb your everyday nutrients become flat and the hair like villi are unable to absorb the nutrients necessary for your body to grow and be healthy. There are nutrients in food that are necessaryfor growth which is why in some celiac patients we see that they are short, they have smaller hands or very fine/thin hair.

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ADHD

ADHD is usually in the list with mental illness but i feel that it could also be classified as a disease.

I am one of many people who suffer with adhd so i felt like i could relate to this one.

the micro aspects of ADHD  can happen when you are born prematurely also  many people with adhd  have certain parts of their brain that are smaller than those who do not have it. adhd can also happen when certain receptors in your brain are not working properly like those who don't have it which can cause a lot of stress and overwhelm the individual  with it.

the macro aspect of adhd is fidgeting , not being able to stay still for long periods of time , overthinking , lose of train of thought , being overly talkative or talking on matters that are private and shouldn't be talked about , and also panic attacks and sometimes severe anxiety

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Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy is an eye condition that could lead to vision loss and even blindness in people living with diabetes. This condition can be developed by anyone with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and effects the blood vessels in the retinas of your eyes. In early stages there are little to no obvious symptoms, making early detection extremely important so an individual can take steps to better manage their diabetes and protect their vision. That is why it is recommended that people living with diabetes get a full eye exam at minimum once a year.

Some people may start noticing changes in their vison like, trouble reading smaller prints or seeing objects farther away.  As the condition worsens in the later stages, the blood vessels in the retina begin to bleed and leak into the inner eye. At that point a person could experience “macro” symptoms such as; blurry vision, seeing floating spots in your field of vision, and up to blindness.

Diabetic retinopathy is Caused by a series of “micro”  events leading up to the larger diagnosis. Over time the high levels of blood sugar that a diabetic person possesses damages the retinas of the eye. More specifically the blood vessels in the retinas are damaged by the excess blood sugar. The damage begins when sugar molecules start to pile up and block the tiny blood vessels in your retina, causing them to leak fluid or bleed. To compensate for the blocked vessels the eye attempts to grow new vessels. These new vessels, however don’t normally develop properly and continue to leak fluid.

For a diabetic person the best way to lower their risk factors of developing Diabetic Retinopathy is to; avoid smoking, manage your diabetes and keep your blood sugar at good levels, keep your blood pressure and cholesterol low and most importantly, monitor any and all changes to your vision.

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Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary Artery Disease is the blockage of the coronary arteries, and causes the reduction of  blood flow in the arteries that supply blood to the heart.

Macro: An individual with coronary artery disease has symptoms of chest pain, discomfort, chest tightness and pressure that happens mostly after eating and during activity.

Micro: This disease is caused when the elastic lining is built up by cholesterol rich deposits and cause a hardening and stiffness of the wall and then narrows the arterial space in where blood flows to reach the heart and then collects deposits of fatty lipids that form a plaque. The restriction of the blood flow then causes ischemia which is the starvation of cells of the heart's muscle cells. The heart muscle cells can die from a lack of oxygen which then leads to damage and death of the heart muscle.

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Allergic Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis or more commonly known as "Pink-eye" is the inflammation of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that lines the eye.

Macro: Eyes are irritated and red in appearance. They can be itchy and in more serious cases the individual may experience sensitivity to light or bright objects, pain or even vision loss.

Micro: Allergens such as pollen can cause the individuals body to create to much histamines (Histamines are nitrogenous compounds within the body that are involved in immune responses, responses to inflammation and acts as both a physiological function within the gut and acts as a neurotransmitter for the brain). due to this, this triggers inflammation of the eye which is your body's response to what it would deem an infection.

Sources:
1. https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/allergic-rhinitis-hay-fever-and-sinusitis/allergic-conjunctivitis)
2.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/symptoms-causes/syc-20376355#:~:text=Allergic%20conjunctivitis&text=This%20antibody%20triggers%20special%20cells,including%20red%20or%20pink%20eyes.
3.
https://www.healthline.com/symptom/conjunctivitis#causes

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Pneumonia

Macro: Someone who has Pneumonia may experience a fever, chest pain, shortness of breath and coughing.

Micro: Pneumonia can be caused by breathing in bacteria, fungi and viruses. A lapse in the body's natural defnses allows these germs into your lungs. These germs then fill the air sacs in your lungs, making it hard to breathe and causing other symptoms.

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Disease: Alzheimers

The most frequent form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. It's a gradual condition that starts with mild memory loss and progresses to the loss of ability to converse and respond to the environment. Parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language are affected by Alzheimer's disease.

Macro: A person with untreated Alzheimers may experience severe memory loss

Micro: The aberrant build-up of proteins in and around brain cells is assumed to be the origin of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid is one of the proteins involved, and deposits of it create plaques around brain cells.

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Disease: Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

The disease I chose was Lupus. Lupus is an autoimmune disease. It takes places when your immune system attacks healthy tissue in your body
This disease has a long list of symptoms one may suffer from. Some of these symptoms include fever, hair loss, skin rash, mouth ulcers and fatigue. These ailments are common which makes Lupus a hard disease to diagnose. There is no specific cause for lupus. Genes, your lifestyle and the medication you take are all factors that contribute to this disease.

Micro: a Malar Rash

Macro: Exposure to the sun light can cause this rash triggering an internal response

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Epilepsy

Macro: A person with epilepsy experiences abnormal activity in the brain, which causes seizures. Seizure signs and symptoms can include: temporary confusion, uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs, or loss of consciousness and awareness.

Micro: A seizure occurs when a burst of neurons(cell) in the brain (organ) become greater than their normal limit. These impulses spread to close by areas and are transmitted to the muscles, which causes the twitching.

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Disease: Alzheimer's disease
Macro -  Alzheimer's in a general sense is the loss of cognitive ability. One of the biggest impacts Alzheimer's has on a person is the loss of memory.

Micro - The brain has billions of neurons which constantly share information with each other through electrical signals. On these neurons sits amyloid precursor protein (APP) which is speculated to help bind other cells and proteins together. Sometimes these APP are cleaved by enzymes freeing a protein called beta-amyloid. Tau proteins are found in axons (nerve fibre) and helps promote microtubule stabilization. However abnormal build up of these proteins can become toxic to the brain, causing tau proteins to tangle inside the neurons and beta-amyloids to form clumps between the neurons.  When neurons lose the ability to communicate with each other they die and the brain shrinks. The loss of memory is caused by the shrinking of the hippocampus which is the part of the brain in charge of long term memory.

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Black Lung Disease (pneumoconiosis)
This disease is common with coal miners from coal dust being inhaled over a long period of time. The symptoms of black lung disease are cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness also coughing up black mucus. The coal inhaled can travel through airways making it into the alveoli which are deep in the lungs. Then the coal particles settle in the lungs, the lung tissue will try to eliminate the coal particles which causes them to get inflamed and this is serious because it can cause scar tissue to form and build up. Overtime when coal dust is built up in the lungs, the quality of life will be affected over time and can cause other complications like lung cancer, heart failure, or progressive respiratory failure.

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Disease: Common cold

Common cold is an upper respiratory tract infection, caused by the virus. Although, there are many types of viruses, causing the cold, but the most common among all is a rhinovirus.

Macro: Common cold causes, runny nose, sneezing, coughing, congestion and a low grade fever.

Micro:  Different respiratory viruses utilize different routes of transmission . Rhinovirus and respiratory syntactical virus (RSV) are spread by direct hand contact with contaminated skin and environmental surfaces. This is followed by self-inoculation of virus into the nasal mucosa or conjunctiva which triggers the release of inflammatory mediators.These inflammatory mediators then produce the symptoms.

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Macro: arthritis symptoms include, joint stiffness and joint swelling.

Micro: this illness mainly targets the lining of the joints called the synovium (tissue). The synovium becomes inflamed, swollen and thick due to a rapid increase of cells. The joints (muscle skeletal system) consist of cartilage (tissue) which prevents the bones in the joint from rubbing together. Overtime, inflammation causes the cartilage to break down. If bones (skeletal system) rub together it can permanently damage the joint. This is a significant cause of pain and stiffness of people with Arthritis.

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There are two types of strokes one is caused by a blocked artery and it is called Ischemic Stroke and the other is caused by a leaking or bursting blood vessel which is called a Hemorrhagic Stroke.

When having a stroke there are a few things that happen to our bodies but I am just going to focus on one.

Macro: When having a stroke you tend to have troubles with your sight. After the stroke if your right side of your was affected your left eye tends to have more difficulty processing information such as recognizing objects, people and or colors.

Micro: this is caused when the brain get damaged by the lack of oxygen and blood flow going to the brain due to the stroke. If your brain doesn't get enough oxygen or blood it can cause brain damage is a variety of different forms which causes you to have the inability to recognize the obvious thing like your family and your favorite pet also the inability to read your favorite book.

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Disease: Cardiomyopathy (Heart Disease)

Intro: There are many different types of heart disease and causes as well as different symptoms depending on the type of heart disease. I'm going to me covering cardiomyopathy which is a heart disease that makes it difficult for you heart to properly pump the necessary blood around your body.

Macro: On the macro level someone with cardiomyopathy could experience symptoms like, breathlessness, fatigue, rapid heart beat and fluttering and chest discomfort.

Micro: There are many micro factors that can lead to cardiomyopathy which include, iron build up in the heart, long-term rapid heart rate and high blood pressure and inappropriate long term use of alcohol, drugs and steroids. Hereditary factors are also present such as family history of cardiomyopathy and diabetes. All of these micro level factors can cause your heart to struggle to pump blood throughout your body causing the symptoms of this disease

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The disease I choose is Lupus.

Marco: This disease attacks your immune system. Lupus can have many different systems ranging differently with each person. Common symptoms can include: fatigue, headaches, loss of appetite/weight loss and unusual hair loss.

Micro: The micro causes of lupus is when your body's immune system becomes overactive and the antibodies (biological molecule such as protein) start attacking healthy tissue (such as organs). The autoanitbody found in lupus patients is antinuclear antibody which is referred to as ANA. These antibodies moves around through the blood.

Some causes of lupus can be genetic, hormonal and environmental.

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Disease: Celiac Disease

Macro: A person with untreated Celiac Disease can experience symptoms such as anemia.

Micro: This symptom occurs because someone with the disorder ingested gluten and their immune system attacked the lining of the small intestine. This causes inflammation in the intestines and damage to the villi. (Small hair like structures in the small intestine) Villi are where our nutrition is absorbed from our food through the small intestine. If damaged occurs to the villi the person affected may become malnourished for example: anemia iron deficiency.

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The disease i chose is Crohn's disease.

Macro: The symptoms of Crohns disease  include: diarrhea, fever, fatigue, blood in stool, and a reduced appetite resulting in weight loss.

Mirco: A person will most likely experience those symptoms with crohns disease because of what is happening on the mirco level. What is happening is the digestive tract has become inflammed.

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PCOS - Poly cystic Ovary Syndrome
It is a hormonal disorder and is getting common is women nowadays (specifically women who have started having their menstrual cycles).

Macro
- Hormones are out of balance
- Abnormal, irregular or no menstrual cycles.
- Problems with conceiving
- in some cases abnormal facial hair growth
- In some cases hair loss
- Acne
- Weight gain
Micro
- One of the main causes for PCOS can be unhealthy lifestyle.  That is happening on such a micro level that we fail to see the bad effects of it in long run to our body.
-  In PCOS the ovaries release an abnormal amount of a specific male hormone (androgen) that is usually found in very small quantity in women. Higher than normal levels of androgen levels in female bodies can prevent the ovaries from releasing an egg during the menstrual cycle.  Which results in abnormal hair growth, acne and might develop some male traits.
-  PCOS can happen with high level of insulin.  Insulin hormones controls how the food we eat is changed into energy.  Women with PCOS might develop Insulin resistance (When body cells do not respond normally to insulin).  Which results in higher insulin blood levels.  Over time, insulin resistance can lead to type 2 diabetes.

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Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue begins to grow on the external wall of the uterus. Progressively, the tissue breaks down and gets stuck in the pelvis, since it has nowhere else to fall. It has been speculated that this condition is genetic, but there has been no direct causation identified. To diagnose Endometriosis a doctor can perform a pelvic exam, ultrasound, MRI, or laparoscopy. Treatment consists of hormonal contraceptives and NSAIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).

On a macro level, a symptom of this condition includes excessive menstrual cramps. This disease occurs spontaneously as a biproduct of retrograde menstrual flow.

On a micro level, endometrial cells are expelled from the endometrial cavity during menstruation and the tissue shed during the menstrual cycle exits through the fallopian tubes. It is brought to other areas of the body (predominantly the pelvis) resulting in the associated pelvic pain of Endometriosis.

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Macro level symptoms would include fever, headache, drowsiness and migraines but if left untreated can affect your joints, heart and nervous system.

Micro level causes: Humans get Lyme disease when they're bit by a tick that carries the disease (Lyme disease is cause by bacterium). The effects only occur if the tick is positive and attached for at least 38 hours. Lyme disease is typically found in the nymphs (the black legged tick).

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Disease: Anxiety/Depression

Macro: Someone with undiagnosed or treated anxiety and/or depression can go through a whirlwind of symptoms. Common ones include, insomnia, panic attacks, negative thoughts, or even becoming ill.

Micro: Depression and anxiety aren't always noticable when looking at someone, sometimes one won't even know themselves.   Different chemicals such as adrenaline, cortisol, and melatonin, are released by the brain causing different symptoms to occur making one act differently.

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Osgood Schlatter Disease
Macro level symptoms:
Someone who has Osgood Schlatter disease will experience pain and swelling below the kneecap, others also might experience red and inflamed skin over the tibial tuberosity.
Micro level causes:
These symptoms occur when the base of the growth plate become irritated. During growth spurts the tendon attaching the quadriceps muscle to the knee joint will become tighter, that will then create a strain on the tibial tuberosity. Osgood Schlatter disease is common in mostly children and young teens since it effects your growth plates, usually a person would get this disease from physical activity that puts repeated stress on the patellar tendon. Examples are, sports, running, etc.
Most children and young teens will grow out of this disease usually between the ages of 14-18 once they have fully stopped growing. Although 10% of people who suffer from Osgood Schlatter disease will carry it on into adulthood.

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The disease I chose is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). This is basically an infection within a women's reproductive organs. Most commonly it can be caused by STDs such as; chlamydia and gonorrhoea.

Macro: When PID is left untreated it can cause future complications such as ectopic pregnancy.

Micro: This can cause scar tissue (tissue) to grow in the fallopian tubes (organ). The developed scar tissue (tissue) hinders a fertilized egg (cell) from moving through the fallopian tube (organ) and implanting in the uterus (organ).

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Hyperthyroidism

Macro- someone with untreated hypothyroidism can have very rapid weight loss

Micro- the symptom occurs when the thyroid (gland in the neck) releases extra hormones (T3) that encourages your metabolism (chemical process) to increase even if you increase your food intake or keep it the same.

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Arthritis
Arthritis is swelling and tenderness of one or more of your joints. The main symptom of arthritis is joint pain and stiffness.

On the macro level, symptoms are in the form of swelling, joint pain, and stiffness. repetitive movements are largely to blame for this condition. Movements like jogging, cracking your knuckles, or typing.

On the mirco level, arthritis is caused by the wear and tear of the joints. The excessive use of joints will lead to the wear down of the articulating cartilage. This can lead to excessive levels of friction which ultimately wears down the joint more. Cartilage becomes thinner and the cells that form cartilage can not keep up to the number of lost cells.  Lots of friction can produce lots of synovial fluid and inflammation in the joint.  Bursae surrounding the joint will become inflamed giving the end result a swollen joint.
Beside from excessive movement, acidity is also a factor in arthritis development. Alkaline minerals that are essential for the bones, will get binded with acid-forming foods which will render them unusable to the body. When bones no longer receive the nutrients they will become brittle.

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Disease: Stroke

Macro: A person experiencing a stroke can experience sudden symptoms such as numbness in the face, arm or leg, especially to one side of the body. Other symptoms can include confusion, dizziness, slurred speech and severe headache.

Micro: The symptoms occur because a blood clot or hardening of the arteries (tissue) block the blood supply of the brain (organ). This is called an Ischemic stroke, or when a blood vessel (tissue) in the brain (organ) ruptures and bleeds. This is called a Hemorrhagic stroke. The blockage or rupture prevents blood (tissue), nutrients (biological molecule) and oxygen (element) from reaching the brains tissues. Brain cells begin to die in seconds, in fact in one second 32000 brain cells die. A stroke is a medical emergency and early action is crutial to reduce brain damage and other complications.

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Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix. It can be reflected through various symptoms such as sharp pain on the lower abdomen, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, etc. Left untreated, an inflamed appendix will eventually burst or perforate, causing infectious material to spill into the abdominal cavity. The cause of this "spill" is a result of a blockage within the appendix by stool or various infections such as a virus, bacteria, or parasites in the digestive tract. After becoming sore and swollen, the blood supply will eventually be stopped and the appendix starts to die. Therefore, resulting in the bursting or tearing of the appendix walls - this can in turn result in peritonitis, a serious infection.

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Disorder: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Macro: PCOS is a condition where the ovaries produce abnormal amount of androgens which are male sex hormones, formed in women in small amounts. Numerous small cysts which are fluid-filled sacs form in the ovaries. Some women may experience irregular periods, weight gain, infertility etc.

Micro: Normally ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from an ovary so it can be fertilized by a male sperm, and if the egg is not fertilized it is sent out of the body during menstruation. In this case when ovulation does happen some women can develop many small cysts. The cysts then make hormones called androgens which affects one's menstrual cycle. Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance which leads to higher androgen levels.

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Nargis Derwish - Atrial Fibrillation (AF)

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Nargis Derwish - Atrial Fibrillation (AF)

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Atrial Fibrillation is a common problem within the heart system, known as an arrhythmia, which is when there are irregularities within the heartbeat (beating too fast, irregularly, or too slow)

If a Cardiologist were to see a new patient with untreated Atrial Fibrillation, they would see (on the "macro" scale) blood clots, which can turn into a stroke and ultimately lead to heart failure.

The Cardiologist would then try to identify the source of these problems on the "micro" scale to understand better. For example, they would see that AFib's irregular heartbeat causes the heart muscle to weaken over time. Which can eventually lead to heart attacks (one of the most common causes of AFib). While there is no cure, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential, sometimes that is not possible when other illnesses or problems get in the way, such as high blood pressure, and diabetes (which causes the blood clots)

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Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia that progressively gets worse over time.
A healthy human brain contains billions of neurons which are special cells that transfer and process information.
At a macro level, physical damages such as stiff muscles and coordination occur when dealing with Alzheimer's.
Now looking at the micro level, Alzheimer's disrupts the communication with neurons causing loss of function and the death of cells.

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrigs Disease)

ALS is a neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disease. In short, you loss control of your voluntary muscles. Early symptoms range from muscle stiffness, muscle twitches, muscle deterioration and weakness. Different types of ALS have different physical characteristics, but these are very common symptoms among the diagnosis.
What is happening at a micro level is the upper and lower motor neurons are essentially dying. The main factors that doctors are looking for when diagnosing ALS is an abnormal amounts of protein in the cytoplasma of motor neurons.

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Crohn's disease:
Macro: An individual diagnosed with Crohn's disease may experience symptoms such as cramping, fatigue, fever and diarrhea.

Micro: A person who is diagnosed with Crohn's disease may experience these symptoms due to the flare-ups and inflammation of the digestive tract.

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On the Macro level, Fibroids can cause enlargement of the lower abdomen.

Micro: Fibroids are growths made of smooth muscle (cells) and fibrous connective (tissue). Muscular tumours are growing and can expand in the wall of the uterus. Fibroids contain more ECM( Extracellular Matrix) which make them more fibrous (tissue) than regular uterine cells. These growths can range from not being visible to the naked eye or being large enough to affect the size and shape of your uterus.

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disease: tonsillitis

At the macro level tonsillitis shows up as swollen tonsils sore throat, difficulty swallowing and sore lymph nodes

At the micro level there are various different things that may cause this to occur like bacteria build up so for example strep. There are also other viruses that cause this infection like Epstein-Barr virus, Herpes simplex virus and Measles virus. Overall, the lymph nodes and tonsils within the body are being attacked my foreign bodies which may cause infection so to prevent such as worsening. This disease occurs when their defense fails and ultimately results in a serious infection. So the tonsil and lyphm nodes are being prevented from carrying out their functions and are covered in bacteria that later impacts the function of these body parts in the macro ways.

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Crohn's Disease is a defect in the digestive system.
Macro: A person may fall ill with fatigue, malnutrition, severe vitamin deficiency, and abdominal pain.
Micro: These symptoms are caused by the body's immune system attacking parts of the body for an unknown reason. It usually occurs in the lower intestines, and as the intestines are being attacked, they are unable to carry out their essential functions. The affected area can become so inflamed that the body becomes unable to move, eat or sleep, resulting in severe illness and sometimes death. There is no known cause for this disease, but it is thought that there is a connection to the immune system, genes, and the enviroment.

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The disease I chose to talk about is Rheumatoid Arthritis. It is a disease that affects the joints in your body.

Macro: A person that has Rheumatoid Arthritis tends to have a lot of pain in their joints. This includes tender, swollen and joint stiffness. The pain is most common in the hands, feet, knees, hips and lower back. It can not be cured but some treatments include oral medications and steroid injections.

Micro: Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease which means that the immune system of the body attacks healthy tissue (Tissue) in the joints. Breakdown of cartilage between the bones occurs and can eventually lead to weakened tendons, ligaments and muscles (organ system). This can then lead to joints becoming deformed, limited range of motion in that area and possibly that joint could become immobile. Over time the Arthritis can spread all over the body causing a strain on organs(organ) such as the heart and lungs if they are not getting the exercise needed to stay healthy.

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Vaculitis
Depending on where in the body the disease is targeting, some patients experience the following symptoms;
1. Fever
2. Headache
3. Fatigue
4. Weight loss
5. General aches and pains
6. Digestive problems
7. Ringing in the ears
8. Irritated Eyes
9. Numbness or weakness in hands or feet
10. Shortness of breath
11. Red spots, sores or bumps on the skin

Vaculitis causes inflammation of the blood vessels. The inflammation can cause the walls of the blood vessels to thicken, which reduces the width of the passageway through the vessel. If blood flow is restricted, it can cause tissue and organ damage.

Although rare, it can cause these types of diseases, just a few for example;
1. Bahcet's Disease
2. Buerger's Disease
3. Churg-Strauss Syndrome
4. Kawasaki Disease

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Alzheimer's is a disease that causes many different problems with memory, behavior patterns and thinking. There are three stages of symptoms, early, middle and late.

At the macro level we see lots of memory loss in the early-stage. This includes things such as misplacing various items multiple times a day, forgetting names of people, places and objects, asking the same questions over and over, etc. As we get to the middle-stage we see the symptoms progress into different variations. Memory loss turns into confusion and disorientation, misplacing items turns into delusions, believing somethings are there when they are not, forgetting names turns into not remembering those things at all, and so much more. Finally at the late-stage the person may forget how to even function and behavioral patterns change.

At the micro level, while we see all the outside symptoms occurring the persons brain tissue is continuously shrinking.  This is due to the fact that neurons inside the brain stop functioning. They then lose connection with all the other neurons and eventually die.

The macro level and micro level are interconnected because when the brain tissue shrinks, the memories and basic bodily functions become distorted and eventually lost.

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The illness I chose to talk about is a stoke.
The macro level of symptoms include: trouble with vision, dizziness, loss of balance, numbness and weakness, mental confusion and sudden severe headache.
The micro symptoms may be: an overload of cortisol due to stress, causing pressure on the heart and ultimately leaving less oxygen to the brain, hardened arteries, possibly caused by poor diet or smoking, which makes blood flow and circulation more difficult, also reducing oxygen to the brain and/or carrying a blood clot to the brain, having high cholesterol, etc. Each of these could lead to stoke and begin at the micro level of a malfunction in a circulatory system.

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Chronic Focal Encephalitis

Also known as Rasmussen’s encephalitis is a rare and chronic inflammation that occurs in the brain, that advances in severity over time. The inflammation affects the brain, or in specifics the cerebral hemisphere, this causes severe episodes of epileptic activity including chronic seizures. Those affected with Rasmussen’s encephalitis may also endure permanent brain damage, mental degeneration, and impairment of motor skills as a result of the inflammation in the brain. There are estimated only 200-400 cases and it typically affects adolescents between the ages of 2-10.

Macro: Symptoms of Rasmussen’s encephalitis can depend on the patient, but reoccurring seizures are the most prevalent symptom. And tend to be accelerated contractions and relaxations of the limbs and face continuously. As a result of the inflammation and epileptic activity, further effects patients will exhibit paralysis of one side of the body and another symptom may be cognitive degeneration

Micro: Because Rasmussen’s encephalitis is very uncommon, the precise cause is unknown, two theories are currently being studied continuously. One theory being the cause of infection the result of an unknown virus entering the brain similar to influenza, measles or cytomegalovirus causing inflammation. Autoimmune disorder theory is the second explored option: where the body mistakenly attacks its tissue and muscles. The antibodies, which are contributing to the human immune system trained to fight off infection and viruses, rewires and attacks healthy tissue.

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Disease: Leukemia

Macro: symptoms are fatigue, dizziness,shortness of breath, pale skin, infections that don't or keep coming back, bruises and feeling weak.

Micro: Many forms of Leukemia exist but it usually involves the white blood cells. White blood cells are used to off infections and normally grow and in an orderly way. However people with Leukemia, their bone marrow produces an abnormal amount of white blood cells which don't function properly. Scientist still don't know the exact cause of Leukemia, however it appears to occur when there are genetic or DNA mutations in the blood cells. A cell's DNA tells the cell to grow at a set rate and die at a specific time. In Leukemia the mutations in the DNA tell the blood cells to continue growing and dividing. This causes blood cell production to go out of control and over time, the abnormal cells can crowd the healthy white blood , red blood cells and platelets the symptoms and signs of Leukemia.

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Asthma is a chronic airway disease.  Including the contraction of airway smooth muscle (ASM), airway inflammation, airway infections, allergic responses, exposure to pollutants are some causes of asthma.

Macro:
Induced coughing manifests as a dry cough that causes shortness of breath, wheezing and tightness in the chest.

Micro:
Asthma exacerbations decrease lung function. Different families of bacteria may be associated. Changes in the microbiome may be involved in asthma pathogenesis and may be affected.

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Disease: stage 3 Breast Cancer

Macro:A person with stage three breast cancer typically experiences skin change,swelling and nipple discharge

Micro: skin change occurs because the cancer cells block lymph vessels causing redness and dimpled skin.swelling happens because the lymph nodes under the arms are large and cancerous which blocks the normal flow of fluid

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Disease: Cholera
Cholera is an acute, diarrhea illness caused by infection of the intestine.
Cholera is a communicable disease caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi and may transfer from one person to a different. They're normally harmless or maybe helpful. But under certain conditions, some organisms may cause disease.

Macro: Cholera will develop severe symptoms like watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. Furthermore, cholera will cause severe dehydration because of a big loss of bodily fluids which will also result in sunken eyes, blue-grey skin, and eventually death.

Micro: The disease was thought to possess been transmitted through bad air, but the disease was caused by the strand of a bacterium called Vibrio cholera, or simple means V. Cholera. Cholera transmission is closely linked to inadequate access to scrub water and sanitation facilities. The cholera bacterium is sometimes found in water or in foods that are contaminated by feces from an individual infected with cholera bacteria . In addition, cholera is triggered if the place isn't clean or poor in hygiene.

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Arrhythmia:
This is caused by irregular heart beats and rhythm (arRHYTHMia). With this your heart can beat too fast, or to slow cause the hearts beat rhythm to iregulate. When your heart beats too fast, it is called Tachycardia. When your heart beats too slow, it is called bradycardia.

Macro: Irregular heart beats, and heart palpitations are the leading macro cause of Arrhythmia.

Micro: The sinus node produces electro pulses which causes each heart beat. That causes the atria muscles to contact and pump blood into the ventricles.

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Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Muscular Dystrophy is a general term used to describe a number of diseases that cause loss of muscle mass resulting in weakness and sometimes lack of mobility.

Macro: A person diagnosed with MD will start experiencing motor issues such as trouble swallowing, running jumping or could also be affected by learning disabilities, eye defects or seizures.

Micro: MD causes progressive loss of muscle mass, due to gene mutations, that interfere with the production of proteins needed to form and maintain healthy muscle. This could result in complete lack of mobility or death.

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Alzheimer's Disease

Macro: Alzheimer's is a type of dementia that effects memory thinking and behavior. Symptoms include, disorientation, mood and behavior changes; deepening confusion about events, time and place etc.

Micro: Scientists believe that the cause comes from the brain cells dying and being unable to perform there functions. The cause of this is found with plaques and tangles that is formed as a person progressively ages. Plaques are deposits of protein fragments that build up in spaces between nerve cells. Tangles are twisted fibers of another protein that build up inside the cell. This will then affect areas that are important for memory which will then block communication with nerve cells.

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Disease: Appendicitis

Macro: It will cause you to experience pain on the right side of the lower abdomen, nausea, vomiting, low fever, and loss of appetite.

Micro: The person (organism) will experience this as their appendix (organ) has a blockage in the lining which results in an infection. The bacteria (cells) then cause the tissue (tissue) to be inflamed. If not treated soon enough it may rupture.

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Ehlers Danlos Syndrome -

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome is a disorder that affects the connective tissues within the body. Ehlers Danlos Syndrome is most commonly inherited, and passed genetically. The syndrome can affect the connective tissues in the skin, joints, and blood vessel walls. Those who have Ehlers Danlos have hyper flexible joints and overly soft, fragile skin. Personally, I suffer from the version of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome that causes extreme hyper mobility. This means that my knees, elbows, shoulders, and other joints hyper extend, and dislocate

The more severe version, Vascular Ehlers Danlos Syndrome, weakens the connective tissue in the walls of the body's blood vessels, and can lead to a rupture of the intestines, or the uterus.

On the macro level, the body’s connective tissue deteriorating can result in dislocations of affected joints, most commonly knees, elbows, and shoulders. The syndrome can also make the skin feel extremely smooth, and elastic. This can result in easy cuts, scrapes and bruises, and can also affect the body’s ability to heal these wounds properly.

On the micro level, all of these injuries happen due to improper production and processing of collagen, connective tissue, and blood vessels. Because these are irregular, they cause loose joints that have a hard time maintaining proper structure.

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is a complex condition characterized by elevated androgen levels, menstrual irregularities, and/or small cysts on one or both ovaries.

Macro: Infertility Acne, Obesity, Menstrual Disfunction,

Micro: Insulin resistance, multiple cysts,

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Bronchial Asthma

Bronchial Asthma is a disease that causes airways to become chronically inflamed. This means that the airways swell and become very narrow while producing extra mucus. All of these combined makes it very hard to breath. This disease is also one of the most common diseases that is diagnosed and affects people for quite a long time.

Macro: Bronchial Asthma causes the person to have periodic 'asthma attacks'. These involve extreme coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain/tightness.

Micro: This disease affects the airways in a few different ways. The membrane of the airways can control mucus secretion and it may begin to secrete excess mucus. Along with that the airway gets inflamed and narrow. The inflammation and mucus combined makes it very difficult for the person to breath normally.

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

IBS is a syndrome that affects the lower part of the digestive tract. Mainly taking place in the intestines and the bowels, it can cause: excess amounts of gas, severe cramping, bloating, abdominal pain, as well as a lot of discomfort.

Macro: Severe cramping in the intestines due to trapped gas, Severe abdominal pain, extreme diarrhea or constipation, as well as blood in the stool are symptoms that can occur at macro level. Weight loss is also another symptom that can happen due to the fact that it can be hard to ingest food without being in any type of pain.

Micro: Certain foods or drinks can irritate the digestive tract such as caffeine, and can cause slight discomfort or cause multiple emergency trips washroom. Stomach aches become more common, as well as excess gas is produced and trapped within the intestines.

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Bacterial Pneumonia

Bacterial Pneumonia can sometimes occur on it's own, but most of the time it occurs after you have had a cold or the flu. It usually only affects one lobe, of the lung.

Macro: A person with Bacterial Pneumonia will experience coughing, chills, sharp and stabby chest pains, high fever, very tired, and sweating.

Micro:  Bacterial Pneumonia is an infection of your lungs that is cause by bacteria. If you are young and healthy it usually won't affect you, but if your immune system becomes weak for some reason it can go back to your lungs. When this occurs, the air sac in your lungs get inflamed and infected. Then they fill up with fluid and cause Pneumonia.

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Disease: Avascular Necrosis

Macro:  People with avascular necrosis will experience small pains in their joints that will grow increasingly uncomfortable, although, many do not have any early symptoms at all. Eventually they will feel pain using their joints or even laying still.  If left untreated bones can micro fracture or collapse completely.

Micro: Your bones (organ) are receiving limited to ceased blood flow (tissue). This means that the bone cannot receive the oxygen (element) and nutrients it need to stay healthy. That bone will no longer be able to produce blood cells (cell) but, thankfully we have plenty of other bones to do that for us.

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Illness: Sore Throat

A sore throat is very common to get. It is when the back of your throat is irritated, sore, or scratchy.

Macro: When someone says they have a sore throat it normally means that they have swollen lymph nodes in their neck. Swollen lymph nodes normally enlarge when fighting off an infection from bacteria or viruses.

Micro: Lymph nodes are small bundles of white blood cells. The white blood cells create a number of enzymes which help fight off diseases or in this case a sore throat. If your WBC (white blood cell) is low then it can cause a life-treating infection.

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The disease I chose is Beta Thalassemia Major, also known as Mediterranean Anemia. This is a very rare and deadly disease if not found extremely early on and treated. Even when treated its still very deadly, if it is not monitored frequently. It is found mostly in people of Mediterranean decent, and it is passed down genetically.

Macro level:
People with Mediterranean anemia, cant do to much physical activity. They experience head aches and tiredness when exposed to to much physical labor.

Micro level:
It comes down to a decrease in hemoglobin and so cells die off faster. They must under go frequent blood transfusions that dangerously heighten their iron levels, so they must take medication to balance it out. Without medication the iron from the blood transfusions will attack their organs resulting in death.

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The disease I decided to do is Alzheimer's. On a macro level a person with Alzheimer's can suffer from many different symptoms such as memory loss or confusion. Where on a micro level the neurons stop functioning and lose connection with other neurons and die. Alzheimer disrupts the process of neurons and their network. Which can include communication and metabolism as well.

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disease: acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)
a type of acute flaccid paralysis

Macro: The symptoms of AFM is weakness in one or more limbs (arms/legs) or decreased/absent reflexes. Some people with AFM could also experience facial weakness or drooping and also pain.

Micro: AFM disease can be caused by either environmental toxins or an autoimmune disease. Could also be caused by West Nile Virus or a number of different infections. Last year CDC warned COVID-19 could cause more cases of AFM.

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Disease: Lyme Disease

Macro: Lyme disease is a bacterial infection which can be spread through the bite of an infected tick bug (specifically deer ticks). Major symptoms of Lyme disease can include joint pain, fever, fatigue, headaches, arthritis, and a specific skin rash around the bite area called 'erythema migrans'.

Micro: These various symptoms occur because the bacteria (referred to as 'borrelia burgdorferi')  from the tick bite begins to travel through the bloodstream (cells) and spreads the bacteria outward into various (tissues) in your body. If gone untreated, the infection will create an inflammatory condition within the (tissue) and (organs). This is what creates the skin rash as well as the various joint pain, headaches, and arthritic conditions.

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The illness breast cancer is when cells in the breast ducts that group together and multiply and ruins the tissue around it. It can be malignant which is cancerous or it can be benign which is non cancerous.

Macro: people with breast cancer can experience symptoms like shortness of breath and lumps in the breast and or armpit
micro: These symptoms occurs when a group of cells grown over time faster then the other cells around it and they kill off healthy cells and can spread to other cells around which at that point can become deadly, this leads to low energy in a persons everyday life which is how the micro level functions effects the macro level outcome.

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Disease: Rubella Virus

Macro: A person (mainly young children) with Rubella can experience symptoms such as a rash that spans from the face, down to the buttocks, and to the arms and legs, as well as swollen lymph nodes, runny/stuffy nose, and a low-grade fever.

Micro:  If the immune system has already been decreased, the immune system (such as white blood cells), will not be able to fight off the infection quickly.  Rubella virus cells will continue to multiply in the respiratory system, spread, and cause infection in other areas.

Interconnected: A fever, rash, runny/stuffy nose, and swollen lymph nodes are all responses from different systems. The lymph nodes are a part of the lymphatic system, and the skin where the rash is belongs to the integumentary system.  Swollen lymph nodes in your lymphatic system can cause trouble breathing affecting your respiratory system, as can having a runny/stuffy nose.  The integumentary system is connected to the immune system, by the immune system responding to the infection with a rash appearing on the skin.

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multiple sclerosis

macro: A person with MS tends to experience symptoms such as; dizziness, eye problems, muscle spasms, tremors, bladder/ bowel issues, and fatigue.
Micro: these symptoms occur due to the immune system accidentally notifies your body to attack the myelin. which in return leaves scarring and lesions causing is to be more difficult for signals to travel to and from the brain and body

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Disease:  Necrotizing Fasciitis

Macro:  If this disease is left untreated it can become life-threatening.  You can quickly go into shock due to gangrene and organ failure. Which can also lead to death.

Micro:  These symptoms occur when Group A Streptococcus bacteria infect the connective tissue just below the skin. Then causes gangrene at the entry site and quickly spreads through the skin, fat and connective tissues. The connective tissues allow for the disease to access organs causing failure and eventually death.

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My disease of choice is Pneumonia
It is defined as the acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma
On a macro level:the affected individual presents with chest pain as they cough, At times the cough may produce bloody mucus, fever and shaking chills may also be present
Looking at this disease on a micro level: It is caused by bacteria that enters into the body through inhalation. The bacteria congests in the alveoli and there's an increase in the serous fluid thus spread of the infection. The bacteria in the lungs causes it to be inflammed thus causing somebody to have fevers.
Due to the congestion in the lungs and accumulation of serous fluid a person will have chest pains as they try to force the accumulated fluid out of the lung

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Disease: Thrombotic Disease (Blood Clots)

Macro: An individual with Blood Clots may experience symptoms such as..
- Swelling in the legs/arms
- shortness of breath/difficulty breathing

Micro: These symptoms occur when there has been some form of damage done to the lining of a blood vessel, commonly an artery or vein (Cardiovascular system). Such damage can be obvious and/or not at all. Clotting also occurs when the blood in the vessel stops moving and becomes stagnant (known as Thrombus) . This is the result of the muscles not moving/contracting to be able to pump the blood through the body back to the heart. Thus forming clots along the walls of the vein. These clots are able to grow in size and completely block the blood flow through the vein.
Blood clots forming in the artery occur by way of a completely different action. Plaque deposits form on the lining of the artery and are then able to grow. Whilst they are growing they are causing the vessel to shrink thus blocking the flow of blood through the artery causing serious damage to the surrounding tissues. Pieces of these clots are also able to break off becoming known as Embolus clots. These are dangerous as they are able to travel to other parts of the body inflicting more damage.

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Endometriosis-

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynaecologic disease. There is no cure as of right now, but there are different procedures you can have done such as laparoscopy, laparotomy and a hysterectomy to treat the disease and symptoms. Other treatments for symptoms and progression preventives include observing, pain medications, and hormone therapy.

Macro: Someone who has endometriosis can suffer from symptoms such as immense pain during menstruation, sexual intercourse, urination, and bowl movements. As well as a heavy flow,bloating, intense cramps,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,constipation, fatigue, back and pelvic pain, depression, and anxiety. Lastly if not diagnosed and treated it can cause infertility and research is being done regarding endometriosis and the risk of leading to cancer.

Micro: These symptoms occur as the endometrium tissue is growing outside of the uterus where it is not supposed to be, gets trapped in areas like the rectum,bladder,cervix and intestines so it can not be released with the uterine lining during menstruation causing those areas to become inflamed. There are 4 different stages of endometriosis; minimal, mild, moderate and severe. Depending on the stage determines how severe your symptoms can be.

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Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease that affects primarily the lungs and pancreas.
On a "macro" level, you will see symptoms such as:
Intestinal Blockage (mostly in newborns)
Repeated lung infections
Inflamed nasal passages or a stuffy nose
Constant cough that produces thick mucus.
On a "micro" level, what's happening is:
The defective gene affects cells that make up mucus, sweat and digestive juices.
It causes the secretions of mucus to be much stickier and thicker than what they should be and the ducts, tubes, and pathways become clogged. This happens mostly in the lungs and the pancreas.

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Disease: Pneumonia

Macro: pneumonia symptom's include, cough, fever, shortness of breath, sharp or stabbing pain when breath deeply or cough, etc.

Micro: pneumonia can be a very deadly disease. Pneumonia attack's the white blood cells within our bodies. The cause of pneumonia is caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Pneumonia can deeply harm one or even both of your lungs. This can cause the air sacs or alveoli of your lungs to load with fluid and pus. The risk factor that pneumonia comes with is, bacteria in the bloodstream (bacteremia). Bacteremia can cause organ failure.

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Disease: Gastritis

Macro: Some of the symptoms caused by Gastritis are; inflammation and irritation of the stomach.

Micro: This symptoms can be due to a bacteria called "Helicobacter Pylori" which lives in the mucous lining of the stomach, or because of the "Bile reflux" that connects the gallbladder and the liver (organ). Moreover, it can be that viruses and bacteria produced infections in the stomach. Furthermore, stomach cancer and loss of blood can be some of the consequences for not treating it on time.

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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
My illness of choice is Covid. It is very apt and timely (as we all know we are still riding it out) .

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. COVID-19 is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus strain.

MACRO:
Individuals infected may experience:

Fever (temperature of 37.8°C/100.0°F or greater) and/or chills

cough

runny nose

shortness of breath

decrease or loss of smell and taste

unexplained fatigue

muscle aches and pains

nausea, vomitting, diarrhea

and other symptoms like loss of appetite

MICRO:

A virus infects your body by entering healthy cells. There, the invader makes copies of itself and multiplies throughout your body. The new coronavirus latches its spiky surface proteins to receptors on healthy cells, especially those in your lungs.

As copies of the virus multiply, they burst out and infect neighboring cells. The symptoms often start in the back of the throat with a sore throat and a dry cough.

The virus then crawls progressively down the bronchial tubes. When the virus reaches the lungs, their mucous membranes become inflamed. That can damage the alveoli or lung sacs and they have to work harder to carry out their function of supplying oxygen to the blood that circulates throughout our body and removing carbon dioxide from the blood so that it can be exhaled. The inflammation makes it much more difficult for oxygen to swim across the mucous membrane.

The swelling and the impaired flow of oxygen can cause those areas in the lungs to fill with fluid, pus and dead cells. Pneumonia, an infection in the lung, can occur.

Some people have so much trouble breathing they need to be put on a ventilator. In the worst cases, known as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, the lungs fill with so much fluid that no amount of breathing support can help, and the patient dies.

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Disease: Asthma

macro: someone who is experiencing a  Asthma attack will have shortness of breathe, tightness of chest or experience chest pains, and will cough and make wheezing noises when breathing

From what I could find the micro is the same as macro for Asthma

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Disease: Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a diarrheal disease caused by microscopic parasite Giardia duodenales. A person can be infected by drinking contaminated water or food or even through feces. It can also be transmitted through animals also. Once a person is infected, the parasite lives in the intestines (organ) and is passed through the stool. Once the parasite is outside the body it can survive for weeks. It is capable of clearing up on its own if it is minor. It can be treated with antibiotic medications like Metronidazole to kill the parasite if server. Once on medication it can clear up within a weeks time.

Macro: People with Giardiasis can experience different symptoms like:

diarrhea

fatigue

abdominal cramps

weight loss

dehydration

Micro: If left untreated for a long time it can interfere with the body's absorption of fats and carbohydrates (Biological molecule) from digested food (organ system). The parasite attaches itself to the lining (cells) of the small intestine (organ).

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Hydrocephalus

Macro symptoms include; headaches, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, poor co-ordination ect.

These macro symptoms can occor/are caused by the (micro) build up of fluid (cerebrospinal fluid or CSF) inside the skull. This fluid buildup can occure if the flow of CSF is blocked, over produced, or if there is a problem with the arachnoid villi (the arachnoid villi stops the CSF from being absorbed into the blood). In conclustion, all of this can cause the venticles and sub-arachnoid space to swell as the fluid in the brain increases.

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Macro: A person suffering from Swine Flu can suffer from respiratory failure in the most severe case.

Micro: The virus is caused when infected cells enter the body through the eyes, nose or mouth. As it multiplies it coats the nose throat and lungs. The virus multiplies by attaching to host cells already within the body and injecting its own genetic material. While the host is left to continue the DNA/RNA process with the newly infected genetic code the virus leaves to infect more cells. As the cells mutate the body becomes increasingly sick and without treatment can cause respiratory failure.

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Influenza

Influenza is a viral infection in the respiratory system (Nose, throat, and lungs). The main causes on the macro level are fever, aching muscles, chills and sweat, headache, dry cough, shortness of breath, tiredness, and weakness, runny nose, sore throat, eye pain, and vomiting or diarrhea.

Micro Level: Influenza viruses travel through the air in droplets when the person infected coughs, sneezes, or talks. When a person inhales the droplets or touches objects with germs, the germs can be transferred into a person's eye, nose or mouth. There can be risks of developing influenza which can include, people who are working or staying in the hospital, cancer treatment, anti-rejection drugs, long-term use of steroids, blood cancer, or HIV/AIDS can weaken the immune system. Chronic illness can increase the risk of developing influenza which includes, lung diseases like asthma, diabetes, heart disease, nervous system diseases, metabolic disorders, shortness of breath, and kidney, liver, or blood disease can increase the risk of influenza as well.

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Stroke:
A stroke is the blockage of blood and oxygen to the brain.

(MACRO) Some symptoms that occur due to a stroke include sudden weakness or numbness in the body, confusion, slurring words, trouble walking or seeing, etc. It often affects one side of the body, either left or right. Symptoms can be severe and lasting if not treated right away. (MICRO) The brain is the organ that allows us to perform our day-to-day tasks such as eating, walking, and talking. Blood carries essential nutrients and oxygen to the brain. When the blood flow is disrupted by a blood clot, the brain will no longer receive what it needs to keep functioning. Brain cells will begin to die or become damaged, ceasing to do its job as it once has.