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Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is a multi-disciplinary approach to crime prevention. Through the use of urban, architectural design and the management of built and natural environments within communities. CPTED strategies aim to reduce crime rates, deter offender decisions that enable criminal behaviour, builds a community among inhabitants in order to gain territorial control of areas to reduce crime and minimise the fear of crime. CPTED is pronounced 'sep-ted' and originated from America and dates back to the early 1960's

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Territorial reinforcement emphasises natural strategies to delineate the transition from public to private space, through the use of:

- low fencing
- differences in level
- surface changes, such as paving, road and lawn

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A core element of the CPTED theory is the perception of safety. Implementing these strategies makes crime more difficult. If criminals suspect they are being watched or there isn't a good hiding space or escape route, they are less likely to target a space

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Observing the community through the following three methods:

1. Organised strategies: police, security patrols, government agencies
2. mechanical strategies: lighting and CCTV
3. Natural strategies: landscaping or windows, providing users with an overview of open or public spaces without needing to enter

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Avoiding predictable routes and entrapment locations

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Avoiding predictable routes and entrapment locations

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Predictable routes provides attackers with the opportunity to anticipate the path their victim must take. This may include bus routes, pathways, stairwells and corridors that have no alternative route

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Well lit areas deter criminal activity by increasing the chance that crime will be seen or a criminal will be recognised. A basic level of lighting should allow the identification of a face from a distance of 10 metres

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Casual surveillance is surveillance observed b y the general public, such as residents or onlookers. This helps to discourage criminal activity and helps to create an increased general sense of safety

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Designing public spaces to maximise public surveillance 

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Designing public spaces to maximise public surveillance 

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Definition of use and ownership in public spaces

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Definition of use and ownership in public spaces

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The principle of differentiation between public and private spaces discourages potential intruders from trespassing into private areas. This also promotes a feeling of ownership, when an occupant feels that a territory is "theirs", they are more likely to feel responsible for the property and the safety of others, which will result in looking out for intruders

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Way-finding is the use of cues such as signage and symbols to help people navigate their environment, define appropriate use of spaces and make inappropriate use obvious

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Exterior building design can enable opportunities for crime. If the building fails to overlook public areas, has room for entrapment locations or invites graffiti and vandalism through lack of design and guardianship