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Studies show that private schools often see greater academic achievement among students than public schools, which is one reason that many public school officials look to the methods of private schools to improve performance in their districts. Many correlate academic performance with the institution of school uniforms and have become inspired to implement similar standards at public schools.
(source 5)

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School uniforms allow little—if any—dissimilarity in student’s dress and are typically more formal. Uniforms are more commonly worn in private and parochial schools. Outfits usually involve a set of clothes that differs by gender. Males are normally required to wear collared shirts with ties and dress pants. Females typically wear collared shirts and ties with either skirts or pants. Sometimes jackets and specific shoes are required. Some schools allow different combinations of tops and bottoms, including polo shirts, turtlenecks, knee-length shorts, and jumpers (dresses). Allowable colors are dictated by the schools.
(source 5)

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Numerous schools throughout the United States implement some type of clothing requirement or restriction, usually classified as a dress code or a uniform. Many differences exist between the two. School dress codes are often less restrictive than school uniforms and allow mild variation of dress, unlike school uniforms, which do not permit much variation and look nearly identical. Most private schools, which are known for their academic excellence, require uniforms, and this has inspired many public schools to begin implementing dress code policies in an effort to boost academic success.
(source 5)"Dress Codes Versus School Uniforms." Gale Student Resources in Context, Gale, 2014. Student Resources in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/LFSIZV156233761/SUIC?u=clov94514&xid=59d5654a. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017.

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While the students like to look and feel their best, cost-conscious parents want uniforms that will last as long as possible and retain their colour. The company must also weigh fashion trends against the schools' desire for a unified look and clothes that reflect the appropriate amount of seriousness.
(source 4

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But the Blainville, Que., company still faces one big challenge: How to design collections that conform to the basics of the school uniform while being as appealing as possible?
Students said of early designs, "'It feels like we're running around in our pajamas,'" Ms. Hattem says, laughing, because the designs were kept simple for ease of ordering and production.The company now employs two people with design degrees, and also seeks advice from Eve Gravel, a Montreal-based fashion designer. This has resulted in improvements, such as more fitted clothing, especially for girls, as well as unique detailing. RaphaelU's proprietary plaid gives a colourful twist to the pockets and waistbands of boys' pants.The company offers seven colours of polo shirts.The changes have made students happy, Ms. Hattem says, but she knows designs must continue to evolve. The problem is how to make the clothes look good while using sturdy polyester fabrics that can be washed many times without fading.
(source 4)"School uniforms: Students want sassy, schools want classy." Globe & Mail [Toronto, Canada], 23 Sept. 2015, p. B6. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A429502200/OVIC?u=pl2020&xid=cd062b00. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017.

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But even where the school district has made no move toward uniforms -- and where the issue is more one of image than concern about costs, crime, or gang colors -- some parents start their own campaigns for uniforms.
(source 3)
(Lewin 1)

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School administrators in many cities say that parents, teachers and students alike are surprisingly enthusiastic about uniforms.
(source 3)
(Lewin 1)

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While the whole concept of public school uniforms would probably have aroused strong opposition 10 or 20 years ago, from those seeing it as a stifling of students' self-expression, an attempt to infringe on their individuality, some see it as a sign of the times that few such complaints are being heard.
(source 3)

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In Miami, 196 of the 328 public schools require uniforms this year, more than twice as many as last year. In Cleveland, two-thirds of the public schools have adopted uniforms. In Chicago, four out of five schools now have uniforms, as do more than half the schools in Boston. And in New York, where only 10 percent of the schools had uniforms last year, Philip Russo, a spokesman for the Board of Education, said he expected, conservatively, that 25 percent would have uniforms by the end of the year.
(source 3)

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From tiny southern towns to the nation's largest cities, public school uniforms have become so common this year that in many areas, they are no longer the exception, but the rule.
(source 3)Lewin, Tamar. "Dress for Success: Public School Uniforms." The New York Times. The New York Times, 24 Sept. 1997. Web. 20 Mar. 2017. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/25/us/dress-for-success-public-school-uniforms.html
(Lewin 1)

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whats a uniform?

One school might require white button-down shirts and ties for boys, pleated skirts for girls and blazers adorned with the school logo for all. Another school may simply require that all shirts have collars.
(source 2)
(Wilde 1)

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The debate over uniforms in public schools encompasses many larger issues than simply what children should wear to school. It touches on issues of school improvement, freedom of expression and the “culture wars.” It’s no wonder the debate rages on.
(source 2)
(Wilde 1)

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After a school uniform policy was implemented in three Nevada middle schools in 2008 and 2009, researchers at the University of Nevada, Reno, set out to find out what 1,350 seventh and eighth graders thought about the change. The vast majority — 90 percent of students — reported that they disliked wearing uniforms. However, other data showed more nuanced results. For instance, 54 percent of students agreed that they still had their identity while wearing a uniform, and 50 percent agreed that uniforms saved their families money. But only 41 percent of students agreed that there was less gang activity at their school after uniforms were required. However, when the researchers looked into school discipline and local police records and compared them to the prior year’s data, discipline referrals were down 10 percent, there were 63 percent fewer police log reports, and graffiti, fights, and gang-related activity were all down.
(source 2)
(Wilde 1)

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• Help prevent gangs from forming on campus
• Encourage discipline
• Help students resist peer pressure to buy trendy clothes
• Help identify intruders in the school
• Diminish economic and social barriers between students
• Increase a sense of belonging and school pride
• Improve attendance
(source 2)Wilde, Marian. “Do Uniforms Make Schools Better?” Parenting, 19 May 2016, www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/school-uniforms/. Accessed 20 Mar. 2017http://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/school-uniforms/
(Wilde 1)

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A frequently cited case of academic improvement following a school uniform policy is that of the Long Beach California Unified School District, one of the first districts to require student uniforms in grades K–8 in 1994. Following the new requirement, crime in the K–8 schools dropped by 22 percent, while attendance increased. Further, the district reported higher student test scores in reading and math. Other schools implementing similar policies have had similar results, but critics wonder if the uniforms should really be taking all the credit,
(source 1)
("School Uniforms")

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Proponents of uniforms contend that school uniforms make having and enforcing a dress code easier for school administrators. They keep wealthy students from showing off, prevent gang colors from entering the school, contribute to school spirit, and help teachers more quickly identify students on field trips as well as spot outsiders who enter the building. In addition, research also shows that uniforms can improve test scores and reduce behavior problems.
(source 1)

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the courts have supported uniform requirements. This makes it easier for administrators to enforce uniform policies than more complicated dress code policies.
(source 1)
("School Uniforms")

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In some schools, however, dress codes entail so many rules that they are nearly as restrictive as uniform policies and may require only solid colors or polo-style shirts. Both dress codes and uniform requirements have been contested in court. Some have even landed in the U.S. Supreme Court.
(source 1)
("School Uniforms")

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In his 1996 State of the Union Address, President Clinton said, “If it means that the school rooms will be more orderly and more disciplined, and that our young people will learn to evaluate themselves by what they are on the inside, instead of what they’re wearing on the outside, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear uniforms.”
(source 1)"School Uniforms." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale, 2015. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC3010999392/OVIC?u=pl2020&xid=67f0111c. Accessed 13 Mar. 2017.
("School Uniforms")

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Uniform policies are generally more restrictive and require students wear a particular color and style of clothing—sometimes even dictating where the clothing must be purchased.
(source 1)
("School Uniforms")