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A short video that explains what happened.

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Dig Deeper into understanding the WWII incarceration of Japanese Americans through oral history and other primary sources paired here with activities designed for the middle school or high school classroom. These learning activities will help students engage with the history and think critically about how the past can inform understandings of the present.

Pre-War & Pearl HarborDespite facing prejudice and discriminatory laws, thousands of Japanese immigrants came to the United States starting in the mid-1800s. By the time Aki was born in 1925, there were thousands of Japanese American workers, farmers, business owners, and others building lives in the US. Watch: A Community Grows, Despite Racism

When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 the government retaliated against Japanese Americans even though a decade of surveillance proved there was no reason to suspect they posed any harm to the US. Even so, Japanese community leaders were rounded up by the army, FBI, and local police without any charges (and often with no warrants). These individuals were usually told they would be gone a few hours, but many of them were detained for the entire war. Watch: Aki Kurose talks about facing discrimination the day after Pearl Harbor

Classroom activity I: Phrase/Word Thinking Routine
- Activity instructions
- Aki Kurose oral history transcript I
- Classroom demo

Classroom activity II: Found Poem (this activity builds on the Phrase/Word activity)
- Activity instructions
- Classroom demo

Media Representations and Minidoka Concentration Camp After Pearl Harbor, media portrayals of Japanese Americans helped to stoke anti-Japanese sentiment. This classroom activity will help your students look closely at primary source images and make interpretations based on evidence.

Classroom activity: Zoom In
- Activity Instructions
- Powerpoint slideshow to facilitate the activity
- Classroom demo

In February 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which authorized the forcible removal of Japanese American men, women, and children from "exclusion zones" on the West Coast. Most were first held in temporary detention facilities and then relocated to more permanent concentration camps that had been quickly constructed in desolate areas of California, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, Wyoming, and Arkansas. More than 120,000 Japanese Americans were imprisoned, two-thirds of whom were US citizens. Watch: American Concentration Camps

Aki and her family were incarcerated first at the Puyallup Fair Grounds outside of Seattle and, later, in the Minidoka concentration camp in Idaho. As a teenage girl, the lack of privacy and the disruption of family time posed some of the biggest challenges.

Watch: Aki remembers life at Minidoka "The thing I felt most was the lack of privacy."

Japanese American responses to WWII incarceration varied greatly. Some chose to prove their loyalty to the US by signing up to join the army. Others resisted incarceration and pursued legal challenges. Watch: Japanese American Responses to Incarceration

Post-War America and Finding Empowerment Through Peace After graduating from high school at Minidoka, Aki was granted leave to attend Friends University, a Quaker College in Wichita, Kansas. She later married and resettled in Chicago, along with thousands of other Japanese Americans as they were released from the camps. It would be decades before activists were able to win an official apology and redress from the US government. Watch Righting a Wrong

By the time she made her way back to Seattle and enrolled her six children in school, the civil rights movement was in full swing. Aki and her family faced ongoing discrimination and she saw the way other communities had been impacted by racism too, but she found peace through her commitment to activism. Watch Aki talk about finding empowerment through peace

Classroom Activity: Group quilt and examining what inspires our own commitment to action
- Activity description
- Aki Kurose oral history transcript II
For use in a virtual classroom environment: Classroom Activity 1: Step In, Step Out, Step Back
Purpose: To give students practice in reflecting on their own perspective and thinking about someone else's perspective on an experience or event.

Step In, Step Out, Step Back is a thinking routine adapted from Harvard Project Zero's Thinking Routine Toolbox

Thinking routines are simple strategies that teachers can use to cultivate thinking and deepen learning for students.

Step In, Step Out, Step Back is a routine that helps students gain experience in the challenging cognitive and emotional task of taking someone else's perspective. "Standing in someone else's shoes" helps students avoid making stereotypes and projecting their own values and beliefs onto others and gain appreciation for the value of multiple perspectives.

See Activity 1 instructions here.
Classroom Activity 2: See, Think, Wonder
Purpose: To encourage students to look carefully at visual media, and to make thoughtful observations and interpretations.

See, Think, Wonder is a thinking routine adapted from Harvard Project Zero's Thinking Routine Toolbox.

Thinking routines are simple strategies that teachers can use to cultivate thinking and deepen learning for students.

See, Think, Wonder is a thinking routine that encourages students to make careful observations and thoughtful interpretations. It helps stimulate curiosity and promote critical thinking.

A World War II era photograph by well-known photographer, Dorothea Lange, is used for this lesson. The photograph shows a boarded up store in Oakland, CA that is for sale. The store owner was a Japanese American University of California graduate. The owner placed the "I Am An American" sign on the storefront on December 8, 1941, the day after Pearl Harbor. Soon after, all Japanese Americans living on the West Coast were forcibly removed to temporary detention centers, then to concentration camps. They were forced to rent, sell or abandon their homes, businesses, and other property, often with only a few days' notice.

See Activity 2 Instructions here.
Classroom Activity 3: The Power of Words
Purpose: To help students think critically about the language used to name or describe experiences or events.

This activity examines how language shapes our perception of events and how it can be used to manipulate our thoughts and feelings. It is based on Densho's article on Terminology and explores the euphemisms used to describe the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II.

See Activity 3 instructions here.

Additional Resources
-Short films on Japanese American history before, during, and after WWII.
- Teaching Japanese American History withPrimary Sources (free online course for educators)
- Densho Encyclopedia
- Densho Guide to Media on the Japanese American Removal and Incarceration

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Ugly History: Japanese American incarceration camps - Densho

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On December 7, 1941, 16 year-old Aki Kurose shared in the horror of millions of Americans when Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor. Unbeknownst to her, this shared experience would soon leave her family and over 120,000 Japanese Americans alienated from their country, both socially and physically.

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From Britain_2

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Sales of guns and ammunition are soaring across the US as fears of possible social unrest amid the coronavirus crisis are prompting some Americans to turn to firearms as a form of self-protection.

On the west coast, long lines of customers were queueing up outside gun stores to stock up on deadly materials. At the Martin B Retting gun shop in Culver City, California, the queues stretched round the block throughout the weekend.

One customer told the LA Times: "Politicians and anti-gun people have been telling us for the longest time that we don't need guns. But right now, a lot of people are truly scared, and they can make that decision themselves."

Larry Hyatt, owner of one of the country's largest gun shops, Hyatt Guns in Charlotte, North Carolina, told the Guardian that the scenes of mass buying at his store were virtually unprecedented. "This is only the second time in my 61 years of business that we've seen anything like this," he said, adding that the first occasion was the aftermath of the mass shooting at Sandy Hook elementary school in Connecticut in 2012.

"We are experiencing a massive rush to buy guns and ammunition as people feel the need to protect themselves and their families."

Hyatt said that the type of guns being bought was reflective of the fear prevalent among customers. There was almost no interest in hunting rifles. Instead, people were opting for target guns and there was big demand for AR-15 semi-automatic assault-style rifles.

Asked why he thought the spike was happening, Hyatt replied: "Financial meltdown, pandemic, crime, politics ... you throw it all into the pot, and you have one hell of a mess."

A major online dealer of ammunition, Ammo.com, has put out figures for sales from 23 February to 4 March that give an indication of the scale of the surge. In that 11-day period sales increased 68% compared to the 11 days up to 23 February.

Sales were especially pronounced in North Carolina and Georgia, which experienced a leap of 179% and 169% respectively. Other states with large increases included Pennsylvania, Texas, Florida, Illinois and New York.

In a statement, Ammo.com's marketing manager, Alex Horsman, said: "We know certain things impact ammo sales, mostly political events or economic instability when people feel their rights may end up infringed. This is our first experience with a virus leading to such a boost in sales."

Apart from general anxiety surrounding coronavirus, some gun sale spikes appeared to have specific causes. The Trace reported that in Washington state and California, locations of early outbreaks of the virus, gun sales increased acutely propelled by Asian Americans fearful that they could face xenophobic and racist violence against their families given that the original source of coronavirus was China.

"People are panicking because they don't feel secure. They worry about a riot or maybe that people will start to target the Chinese," David Liu, a Chinese-American gun dealer outside Los Angeles, told the Trace.

Amid the rush to stockpile lethal weapons, there were concerns for the safety of children. A sudden increase in guns and rifles in domestic homes could put children at risk through lack of safe storage.

Firearms are already the second most prevalent killer of children in the US after car crashes. In the 14- to 17-year-old bracket, gun injuries are the highest single cause of death, according to research from the University of Michigan school of public health.

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US sales of guns and ammunition soar amid coronavirus panic buying

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Sales of guns and ammunition are soaring across the US as fears of possible social unrest amid the coronavirus crisis are prompting some Americans to turn to firearms as a form of self-protection. On the west coast, long lines of customers were queueing up outside gun stores to stock up on deadly materials.

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From the USA_3

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(WXYZ) - A rush of gun and ammo sales amid the coronavirus outbreak is leading to record business for gun shop owners in metro Detroit. At Action Impact in Southfield on 8 Mile Rd., they've sold 100-150 guns per day for the last week.

"The coronavirus is taking over everything, and we all need to be safe with stores closing. It's time to be prepared" says customer Tamiko Jackson.
Full coverage: Coronavirus outbreak in Michigan
Owner Bill Kucyk tells us many people are buying handguns, and ammunition is selling very quickly as well.

"We've had a long line waiting for us before we open everyday and people aren't looking for sales or deals, they just want to know what's available now and what they can buy" says Bill.
Coronavirus outbreak in Michigan: Here are the latest updates
The owner of Action Impact says workers are also wearing gloves and regularly sanitizing the area they work in. It comes at a time that everyone wants to be protected in more ways than one.

"The next several days are going to be hectic" says Bill, who may have to close temporarily if supply of guns and ammo runs out. "I'm doing my best to restock more as quickly as I can, but in several weeks we may be out of guns we can order" he adds.

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does washing your hands prevent the coronavirus

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Coronavirus pandemic leading to an uptick in gun sales in Michigan

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A rush of gun and ammo sales amid the coronavirus outbreak is leading to record business for gun shop owners in metro Detroit. At Action Impact in Southfield on 8 Mile Rd., they've sold 100-150 guns per day for the last week.

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From Britain

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But alongside hand sanitiser and toilet roll, many Americans have decided that - since you can't be too careful - it's time to snap up a gun.

Long lines are forming outside gun stores from California to to New York State , and it's not just already well-armed gun enthusiasts joining in the rush. One seller in told a local TV station that he was seeing an uptick in first-time buyers, as did a store manager in .

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Sharing the full story, not just the headlines

Reporting from outside a gun store in Cobb County, Georgia, Fox 5's Patty Pan that the owner of a store there had lived through "everything from Ebola to the bird flu" but had "never seen anything like this", with lines as much as 12 people deep at the gun counter "non-stop for weeks now".

Ammunition too is flying off the shelves. Online seller Ammo.com has released figures showing a huge surge in sales in the 11 days leading up to 4 March. The top ammunition-buying states were North Carolina and Georgia .

Another online retailer, Widener's Reloading and Shooting Supply, told the National Rifle Association that by late February, both sales and online traffic had practically doubled since the same time last year.

Some of the surge in sales can be chalked up to a general feeling of paranoia; as one seller said , "Any time people are uneasy, sales go up, and it's always the same, guns and ammo". But other Americans are arming themselves for more specific reasons.

One gun shop owner in Arcadia, CA told a local CBS station that his store had seen ten times the usual number of customers - many of them Asian Americans worried that in the event of rising social disorder, they may be targeted because of their ethnicity. Reports of racism directed at Asian Americans have .

Panic buying in general is taking hold to such an extent that Donald Trump has now told people to stop.

"Relax. You're doing great," he said, citing conversations with CEOs of major companies. "There's no need for anybody in the country to hoard essential food supplies, they said to me. Have a nice dinner, relax, because there's plenty. You don't have to buy the quantities, because it's hard to refill."

No hype, just the advice and analysis you need

Whether or not Mr Trump would extend that reassurance to cover that many of his "lefty friends" have called him this week with a sudden interest in firearms is unknown, but as gun sales have surged, his outspoken son has weighed in. Pouncing on what he saw as the hypocrisy of guns. gun control advocates, Donald Trump Jr

He was moved to tweet by an emergency ordinance passed in the central Illinois city of Champaign that grants the mayor sweeping emergency powers, a policy that some on the right - including the National Rifle Association - interpreted as the first step toward a local ban on weapons sales.

The authorities in Champaign that they have embarked on some shadowy project to keep guns out of people's hands altogether. But as more US cities impose strict rules on social distancing, right-wing sites like are reporting that more and more citizens are worried about the possibility of civil unrest, it's hard to see the surge in sales nationwide dropping off any time soon.

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US sees panic buying of weapons with huge lines at gun stores

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As the US scrambles to deal with the spread of coronavirus, panic buying is spreading across the country. But alongside hand sanitiser and toilet roll, many Americans have decided that - since you can't be too careful - it's time to snap up a gun.

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From the USA_2

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Coronavirus Fears Fueling Spike in Sales of Guns and Ammunition

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Just as grocery stores have been stripped bare by Americans panicked by COVID-19, guns and ammunition have started flying off the shelves

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From the USA

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Anxious shoppers snatching up guns and ammo to gird for potential chaos related to the coronavirus pandemic are leading in some cases to long lines, short supplies, and purchase limits.

Businesses say some customers are feeding a self-fulfilling prophecy of artificial shortage, buying up firearms for protection because they're afraid others will empty the shelves first.

Other customers are looking to protect themselves from fellow shoppers as tempers flare due to grocery stores stripped of the essentials.

Long lines have been reported at gun shops across the country. Customers were waiting in line outside the Martin B. Retting firearms store in Culver City, California.

"Just a heads up, if the phone is ringing and we're not answering it's probably because we're a bit overwhelmed at the moment," the store posted on its Facebook page this weekend. The store also announced it was too busy to conduct firearms safety certifications classes.

Some of the lines were due to crowd control. Owner Dan Retting told NBC News the store was restricting the number of people allowed inside "to a safe number in light of the current situation," limiting the store to 25 customers at a time. The store also announced it was implementing a waiting list and asking customers to come back at appointed times.

Hyatt Guns of Charlotte, North Carolina, which bills itself as "America's Largest Gun Shop," has seen sales surges for handguns, shotguns, and AR-style rifles bought for personal defense, and especially ammunition, "to unprecedented levels," said Justin Anderson, the store's director of marketing, surpassing holiday rush buying.

"Most of what we're hearing is fear and uncertainty," said Anderson. "Our customers want to be able to protect themselves and their families and they want to ensure they have the means to do so."

While there are no publicly available ways of directly measuring gun sales by private gun manufacturers, there are several indirect indicators. Online ammunition site Ammo.com reported a 70 percent increase in sales.

Over 5.5 million background checks were conducted in January and February, according to FBI data, 1 million more than during the same period last year. Gun sales typically increase in election years, but this year's figures are still an increase of nearly 350,000 over 2016.

Stocks for major gun and ammunition manufacturers American Outdoor Brands Corp., Sturm Ruger & Company, Vista Outdoor Inc., and Olin Corp., plunged amid a broad market sell-off on Friday March 6 before rallying a week later.

Betsy Terrell, a 61-year-old resident of Decatur, Georgia, said she thought for years about purchasing a handgun and decided to finally get one after seeing chaos at her local Costco, with long lines and people stockpiling goods.

She feels the metro Atlanta area already has a lot of crime. She's worried that if the economy tanks, crime will rise even more.

"I was beginning to see people acting oddly. That was a little unnerving," she said. "I feel there's potential political upheaval. ... It's scary. It's only now I've felt this overwhelming need to arm myself to protect myself."

After spending the past couple of weeks stocking up on food, coffee, water and medicine for one of her cats, she decided it was time to act.

Ed Turner, who owns Ed's Public Safety in Stockbridge, Georgia, said his shop was not seeing people "flailing their arms screaming it's the end of the world," but sales were up five times the usual volume. "Worst day on the stock market since 1987 and shelves getting bare apparently have got everyone's attention," he said.

In the 27 years he's been in business, he said, "I've never seen it like this. ... This is self-preservation. This is panic. This is 'I won't be able to protect my family from the hordes and the walking dead.'"

Associated Press contributed.

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Gun sales rise as coronavirus fears trigger personal safety concerns

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Anxious shoppers snatching up guns and ammo to gird for potential chaos related to the coronavirus pandemic are leading in some cases to long lines, short supplies, and purchase limits. Businesses say some customers are feeding a self-fulfilling prophecy of artificial shortage, buying up firearms for protection because they're afraid others will empty the shelves first.

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From Australia

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Australians have gone mad for toilet paper and hand sanitiser as the threat of the deadly coronavirus looms ever larger.

In the US, one of the biggest runs has been on guns and ammunition.

Amid widespread shortages of consumer products across the US, guns are one of the most popular items.

At one Los Angeles shop, customers waited more than five hours to be served at the weekend. The queue stretched out the door and a fast-food truck outside took orders for hungry shoppers.

Among them was a medical doctor who would give only his first name, Ray. He told the Los Angeles Times he'd come to buy his first gun.

"I want to buy a handgun, I think they call it a Glock, but I'm not sure," he said. "I have a house and a family, and they'll need protection if things get worse.

"The fear is that civil services will break down."

Tweet from @AmeliaAdams9

Another customer, John Gore, 39, was in furious agreement.

"Politicians and antigun people have been telling us for the longest time that we don't need guns," he said.

"But right now, a lot of people are truly scared, and they can make that decision themselves."

The US has reported more than 3700 cases of coronavirus so far. Of those, there have been 69 deaths and 73 patients have recovered.

However, there are fears the numbers of COVID-19 cases in the US has been underreported because testing has been difficult to come by for many people.

The rush to buy guns was not unique to suburban LA. Online retailer Widener's Reloading and Shooting Supply said its ammunition sales had doubled on a year ago.

"It's clear our customers want to be prepared in a worst-case scenario," spokesman Jacob Long told American Rifleman (a National Rifle Association publication).

"For a lot of our families, a disaster plan includes having ammo on hand."

Danny Garcia, manager of North Carolina's Money Quick Pawn and Guns, said handgun and rifle ammunition sales had jumped in recent months.

"February was a record sales month," he said. "Talking with our customers, we are hearing the increase is due to both the prospect of a coronavirus outbreak and the pending elections."

In San Francisco's north, Raymond Prather told Fox News customers were also flocking to buy ready to eat meals from his military surplus store.

"We're bringing pallets up all the time now, and even our supplier in southern California is having trouble keeping them in stock," he said.

The compact meal packets are usually bought by bushwalkers and campers.

In southern California, David Liu,who owns Arcadia Firearm and Safety in the San Gabriel Valley, told CBSN he was worried and he recently purchased a gun for his wife.

One customer, Daniel Lim, said he wanted his family to be able to protect themselves. He also said he hoped predictions of a financial crisis springing from the spread of COVID-19, and the potential social disorder that might follow, were wrong.
-with agencies

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Demand for guns soars as Americans prepare for coronavirus chaos

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Australians have gone mad for toilet paper and hand sanitiser as the threat of the deadly coronavirus looms ever larger. In the US, one of the biggest runs has been on guns and ammunition.

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Fear can spread from person to person faster than the coronavirus...but there are ways to slow it down 

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Fear can spread from person to person faster than the coronavirus...but there are ways to slow it down 

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...soldiers, in the name of democracy, let us all unite!

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The result of these comments played a role in getting Charlie Chaplin kicked out of America. After Limelight, Charlie Chaplin took another vacation to England, wanting to show his new wife and children his native country.

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Orson Welles

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War of the Worlds_O Welles_The Telegraph

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Orson Welles

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War of the Worlds_O Welles_This day in History

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Orson Welles

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War of the Worlds_ The Panic Broadcast _ PBS America

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The witch scene Transcription

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Characters list

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The witch scene

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To be watched and studied carefully!!

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Learn more: Miller, McCarthyism, & The Crucible

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Uploaded by Kristina Mattis on 2014-03-29.

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Arthur Miller

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Playwright Arthur Miller (October 17, 1915 -- February 10, 2005) was born in Harlem, New York City. He earned a Bachelors Degree in English from the University of Michigan in 1938. His pays included All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, The Crucible, A View From the Bridge, After the Fall, and The Price.

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6 Surprising Facts About The Salem Witch Trials

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a play by Arthur Miller

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A mural

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Saprtacus_Dalton Trumbo

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Kirk Douglas talks about blacklisted SPARTACUS screenwriter Dalton Trumbo

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Trumbo Official Trailer #1 (2015) - Bryan Cranston, Diane Lane, Helen Mirren Biopic HD

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Uploaded by Vision Chasers on 2014-06-13.

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Another video.

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Terri Chun recalls life at an Internment Camp

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Walnut Village Retirement Community resident, Terri Chun was 7 years old her family was sent to live at a Japanese Internment camp. This is her story.

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A shorter video to be watched.

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PIONEERS OF TELEVISION | George Takei's life in an internment camp | PBS

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A testimony. This video is a bit long but quite understandable.

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Why I love a country that once betrayed me | George Takei