# data[].attributes.headline
Reasons why the experimental results are different from the actual results

# data[].attributes.subject
Reasons why the experimental results are different from the actual results

# data[].attributes.body
Other carbohydrates are hidden as the sugar values and this is why the results values differ.

# data[].attributes.body
The higher the volume of sugar solution. the higher the density. The results from the calibration graph show a slight difference to the official values on the labels. The percentage of sugar in HOOCH was determined to be 1.0068 g/cm3. And the percentage of sugar in Smirnoff Ice was determined to be 1.0072g/cm3.

# data[].attributes.body
Our results could have been affected by the scales because they were moved each time before weighing.

This affected our end results and the trend of the graph. The pipetting could have been more accurate if better equipment was provided. The accuracy of the reading of the meniscus could have had an effect.

# data[].attributes.body
Determining the density of the sugar in the alcopop by using the density technique

A set of sugar solutions was prepared, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10%.
The mass of the dry, empty 50-cm³ standard flask was recorded.

2g of sucrose was accurately weighed out and placed into a beaker.  25 cm³ of the standard ethanol solution that was prepared in A, and was then added to dissolve the sucrose.  The solution was transferred using the 50-cm³ standard flask, which now contained the sucrose solution.

The 50-cm³ standard flask mass was then measured, which contained the sucrose solution.

The density of the solution was then calculated, by dividing the mass of solution and volume

= mass of solution ÷ volume.

This method was then repeated to prepare all of the standard solutions and the results were used to plot a calibration graph of density versus percentage of sucrose.

The percentage of sugar in an alcopop was then determined by, measuring the mass of a clean, dry beaker. 25cm³ of the alcopop was added using a pipette to the beaker then was re weighed. The density of the solution was calculated by dividing the mass of the solution with the volume

= mass of solution ÷ volume.

The percentage of the sugar in the alcopop was calculated using the calibration graph.
A

# data[].attributes.body
Aim

The aim of the experiment was to determine the percentage of sugar in alcopops by preparing standard sugar solution in ethanol and calculating their density.

# data[].attributes.headline
Thanks for adding me. Great collaboration so far.  Looking forward to seeing your plan for the investigation

# data[].attributes.subject
Thanks for adding me. Great collaboration so far.  Looking forward to seeing your plan for the investigation

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/alcohol-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-sugar/

http://alcoholrehab.com/alcoholism/alcopops/

http://www.smile-onnews.com/news/view/the-hidden-sugars-in-alcohol

http://www.ias.org.uk/What-we-do/Publication-archive/The-Globe/Issue-1-2009/Australian-Tax-on-Alcopops.aspx

https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa68/aa68.htm

http://www.camy.org/resources/fact-sheets/consequences-of-underage-drinking-surgeon-general/

http://www.economicshelp.org/blog/7130/economics/minimum-price-for-alcohol-pros-and-cons/

https://yougov.co.uk/news/2012/05/16/minimum-alcohol-pricing-are-you-happy-pay-more/

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/caffeine-alcohol-mix-dangerous/

http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/alcohol/Pages/alcohol-units.aspx

# data[].attributes.body
2. In April 2008, the Australian Government applied a special excise to premixed spirits, “alcopops” or ready-to-drinks (RTDs). Consequently, the tax on the spirits component of RTDs rose by 70%, from A$39.36 to A$66.67 per litre of alcohol, the same rate as for bottled spirits. The tax, that the government said was aimed at countering binge drinking by adolescent females, added about A$1.30 to the price of a single RTD bottle or can. Premixed spirits are the fastest growing segment of the alcohol market in Australia and are implicated in dangerous drinking by young people. Spirits industry sources say RTDs expanded by 36% over four years. Sixty per cent of female drinkers aged 15- 17 consumed an RTD in 2007 compared to 14% in 2000 and unpublished official data showed RTDs are consumed by over 70% of male and female teenagers who drink at the highest risk of immediate harm.

# data[].attributes.body
1.

1. Alcopops are a type of sweet, sugary, and alcoholic beverage. They are often made with a mixture of vodka, white rum or wine and can be flavoured to taste like a soda. These drinks are usually marketed to young drinkers who like a sweet taste. They vary in price from very cheap to more expensive drinks and are marketed as cocktails or wine coolers. Some alcopops also contain large amounts of caffeine or multiple types of spirits and wine. Alcoholic drinks account for 10% of 29 to 64 year olds in the UK’s daily intake of added sugar, and 6% for over 65s. Despite this, many people forget to factor in what they drink when calculating daily sugar intake. All alcoholic beverages contain some sugar, but Dr Sarah Jarvis, a member of Drinkaware’s medical panel, identifies fortified wines, sherries, liqueurs and cider as being particular causes of excessive consumption. It’s also important to consider what you’re mixing your drinks with, as the carbonated drinks popular with spirits u

# data[].attributes.body
4. PROS

People would pay the social cost of alcohol

High prices would help curb alcohol abuse

It would discourage young users form its overconsumption

This would help reduce hospital admissions and decongest the hospital beds, violence and deaths associated with alcohol consumption

CONS

This would reduce the standards of living for those on low incomes

People would switch to illicit home brews which are dangerous in that they expose people to consumption of unknown quantity of alcohol

It would be an easy way for businesses to make profits

# data[].attributes.body
3. Brain continues to develop through adolescence and into young adulthood. Drinking at this critical stage leads to lifelong impairment in brain function especially motor skills and coordination.

Alcohol consumption in the young plays a role in increased risky sexual behaviour which can result in sexually transmitted diseases like HIV which causes AIDS.

# data[].attributes.body
6. There are many health concerns associated with the combination of alcohol and caffeine.  Alcohol and caffeine are at opposite ends of the spectrum of psychoactive drugs with alcohol being a sedative/depressant and caffeine being a stimulant.  People may think that the over consumption of alcohol can be compensated or even cancelled out by consuming a stimulant along with the alcohol but this is not the case.  This mixing of the two can, and usually does, cause overindulgence.  Both alcohol and caffeine increase dopamine levels.  Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with reward and the ability of alcohol and caffeine to both stimulate the dopamine system is the reason that people tend to overindulge when consuming alcoholic drinks which contain caffeine.  Regular overindulgence in relation to alcohol in itself is a health concern. Another health concern, especially for the younger generation is that they believe that if they consume caffeine in theoir alcoholic drinks that they can drink for longer periods of time and consume more alcohol but this is not the case.  The reality is that the caffeine may mask the sedative effects of the alcohol but it will not cancel it out and, again, over consumption of alcohol is a concern. Another concern is that when people are consuming large amounts of alcohol, which can be due to the caffeine content, then poor decisions can be made and this can lead to people finding themselves in dangerous situations.  Alcohol and caffeine are both drugs which are addictive.  When people consume large quantities of alcohol due to the caffeine present this can lead to a greater risk of alcoholism.  In adolescents the prefrontal cortex part of the brain is still developing.  This is the part of the brain that is responsible for decision making and judgement therefore large consumption of alcohol and caffeine for adolescents can be dangerous and pose a health concern.

# data[].attributes.body
5. A unit of alcohol (UK) is 10 millilitres (8 grams) of pure alcohol.  A typical alcopop contains 1.5 units of alcohol.