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Q2c
- additive effects cause result offspring corolla tube length to be the average of the parents
- variation is larger than parent
- talk about how additive genes work

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The length would be between the F1 generation and parental long tubed corolla (50-65mm). This is because there is genetic variation in the offspring as a result of independent assortment. Thus the offspring will have phenotype that is intermediate of their parents.

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2(c)The corolla tube length  will be between 45-65mm, longer than that obtained for F1 generation and shorter than that of the parental variety with long-tubed corollas. Comparing with the shorter corolla lengths of the parental variety, the allelic frequency of the genes that contribute to the corolla tube length will be higher than when the 2 parental varieties are crossed to form F1. The additive effect of these genes will result in offspring with intermediate corolla tube lengths.

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The mean length of Corolla tubes will be higher than F1 but shorter than parental generation and there will be a smaller range in which the lengths are spread out over. This is because there will be a higher percentage of alleles that code for longer Corolla tube length in the gene pool

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Q1(d) The genotype rr is epistatic to E and e as rr suppresses the expression of the alleles for purple grains. Alleles E and e are hypostatic to rr as their expression is suppressed by the presence of 2 copies of r. Thus, when the genetype rr is present, no R allele is present so no red pigment is produced. Also the rr genotype will suppress the expression of E allele (if present) resulting in no purple pigment. Thus the grain produced will be white due to lack of the red and purple pigments.

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r is the recessive allele that inhibits the production of red or purple pigment. Therefore if both copies of recessive allele r are present, the expression of alleles encoding red or purple coloured grains will be suppressed since the enzymes will not be present. The genotypes that give rise to a white phenotype include rree, rrEe and rrEE

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1d) The dominant allele R codes for enzymes which synthesise red pigment from white precursor. Homozygous recessive allene r suppresses deposition of pigments. Thus, if genotype is homozygous recessive r, then the grains will be white, regardless of the presence of enzyme synthesizing purple pigment. (EE, Ee)

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1d. Whitr plants can carry alleles E or e for either purple or colourless pigmentatiom. However, these alleles are not expressed in thr grain colour. Genotype rr is epistatic to E and e since rr suppresses expression of alleles for purple or colourless pigments in the phenotype. Thus, grains are white in colour as they comtain rr.

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will other ratios come out and are we expected to form our own model of epistasis

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For epistasis, its when exp of one allele of a gene suppresses exp of another allele of another gene. Is it possible to promote exp of the other allele of a diff gene instead?

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(Inheritance II)
1) What are some other molecular basises/bases? of epistasis?

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How do environmental factors affect the degree of expression allowed to the genetic potential to produce continuous variation.

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How do the additive genes that give rise to continuous variation work?

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what if distance between 2 incompletely linked genes is more than 100cM? That would mean COV is no longer applicable

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Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism based on the alleles present, e.g. the B and b allele in a pair of homologous chromosomes in the drosophila. Phenotype is the expressed trait of these alleles, eg B allele codes for non banded thorax while b allele codes for non banded thorax

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The genotype will determine the sequence of the mRNA transcribed, allowing different functional gene products (proteins) to be produced, hence affecting the phenotype. In Drosophila (underlined ), the gene determining banding is transcribed to form mRNA that is translated to form proteins that deposit colour for the dark transverse band on the flys body, producing the phenotype observed.

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The allele codes for the production of a functional gene product, an enzyme or protein that affects the phenotype and the genotype is the arrangement of alleles. In the Drosophilia D codes for the protein or enzymes that results in crossveins when in the homozygous condition and mask the effect of the recessive allele in the recessive condition.

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- Phenotype is the outward expression of genotype
- Presence of dominant allele will mask the effects of the recessive allele
- If organism is homozgous recessive, it will express the recessive phenotype
- mention Drosophila

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What is the fastest way to determine the genotype in a pedigree chart?

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Could there be a lethal gene that is only expressed when an individual is homozygous recessive at 2 gene loci in dihybrid inheritance?
Do we have to be able to calculate CoV and map out the gene?

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is there such things as a Y-linked gene

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Lethal gene
D

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If the question already includes the symbol for recessive and dominant allele then do we still need to write out "homozygous recessive" ... in full?

What symbol do we use for linked gene on the X chromosome?

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Can a lethal allele be dominant or is it always recessive?

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How can you determine the inheritance of a certain trait by pedigree analysis alone? Since it will take many generations for a large number of offspring to be formed. Isn't it very difficult to obtain multiple pedigree charts just to observe the inheritance of a single trait?

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Is it possible to have a qn w lethal genes that are only activated during certain environmental conditons? Examples if so?

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could we go through a bit more on x-linked linkage

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How do you determine whether the linked genes occurs in a coupling or repulsion rearrangement

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Consolidation of correct terminologies and also representation of the different types of genotypes(esp for those with more than one gene involved)

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1. For lethal genes, must the lethal genotype be homozygous recessive? Can other types of genotypes be lethal (eg heterozygous, or homozygous dominant)?

2. Is it possible to have a combination of characteristics of genes (eg. x linked and lethal), and what sort of ratios would this yield?

3. Could sex linkage be in the Y chromosome?

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are there any conditions of sex linked genes that are on the Y