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The term Soft skills (“soft/flexible skills”), on the contrary, refers to the general social and psychological qualities of a person.

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Hard skills  - this term refers to a person’s professional knowledge, tools and skills, his technical competencies that can be tested and assessed.

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Research conducted by Harvard University, the Carnegie Foundation and the Stanford Research Center has shown that 85% of job success comes from well-developed soft skills, while only 15% comes from technical skills and professional knowledge.

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The basic differences are primarily as follows. The development of Hard Skills is responsible for human intelligence, logic, IQ, “territorially” - the left hemisphere of the brain. Soft skills are more related to emotional intelligence, empathy, that is, they depend on the right hemisphere.

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Hard skills

-Working with technology

-Associated with a specific profession

-Acquired during studies

-The level of proficiency is determined by exams and testing.

-Engages the left hemisphere of the brain

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-Soft skills

-Working with people

-Universal

-Innate or acquired through experience

-It is difficult to determine the level of proficiency

-Engages the right hemisphere of the brain

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The OECD proposes the following framework of knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies needed by 2030:

-Cognitive and metacognitive skills:

critical thinking, creativity, self-regulation, ability to learn;

-Social and emotional skills:

empathy, self-efficacy, responsibility, cooperation;

-Practical and physical abilities: the ability to work with various materials, physical strength, dexterity, etc.