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For safety glasses the frame will need different standards to the lens. The frame will usually be marked on the inside of both arms. All safety frames must pass the European EN166 standard or the BS equivalent. Also there will be numbers and/or letters which indicate at what degree the frames passed the EN166 test within various categories. The lenses will have to meet the safety standards: EN166, 169, 170 & 172. and will have to state to what degree to which they meet the standard.

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The European Standard EN 812 specifies the quality requirements for bump caps. To comply with these standards they have to successfully pass certain tests. The tests cover shock absorption, resistance to penetration and flame resistance.

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The need for wearing high visibility overalls is to is to contributed towards the safety for the rail workers by making sure the workers can be well see. Areas in which high visibility overalls can be used; include the rail network and general transportation including, cyclists and pedestrians.

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High visibility overalls are a type of personal protective equipment (PPE). They consist of properties including reflectivity and an easily distinguishable colours such as fluorescent yellow.

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For most safety glasses polycarbonate or, varieties of this material, is used because it is strong but has great flexibility and strength. This material can be moulded in clear material and is an excellent material for optical lens.

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A bump hat is a hat or cap that is made out of a fabric. It will normally have either a piece of metal or hard plastic along the top for protection.

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There are certain hazards in a

workplace that could affect ears

of the workers and cause hearing

problems. For example, loud noises

produced during changing the engines

of a train might damage the ears and

cause deafness. This hazard can be

prevented from the use of ear defenders

that covers the opening of the ear.

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                                                                                                                           PPE

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                                                                                                                           PPE

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"A person who possesses sufficient technical knowledge, relevant practical skills and experience for the nature of the electrical work undertaken and is able at all times to prevent danger and, where appropriate, injury to him/herself and others."

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- Employees are assessed regularly to check that they are competent to work

- This includes safety critical work, e.g. working on the brake and door systems.

- This ensures that employees possess the required knowledge and skills to be able to work safely and effectively.

- Team leaders allocate work to technicians. The team leaders have access to all of the competency records on one spreadsheet so they are able to see who is competent to do a job and who isn't. This ensures that only competent people carry out certain tasks.

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Steel toe cap boots provide toe, antistatic(from shocks)

and mid sole penetration protection(from sharp objects).

Hence, if they are not used, the workers may suffer from

injuries in their foot.

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They are made from various material depending upon their types. Foam earplugs are made from memory foam.  Custom earplugs are made from acrylic, vinyl or silicone materials.

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PPE is equipment that will protect the user against health or safety risks at work. It can include items such as safety helmets and hard hats, gloves, eye protection, high-visibility clothing, safety footwear and safety harnesses. Hearing protection and respiratory protective equipment provided for most work situations are not covered by these Regulations because there are other more specific regulations that apply to them. However, these items need to be compatible with any other PPE provided. Cycle helmets or crash helmets worn by employees on the roads are not covered by the Regulations. All PPE should be worn wherever there are any risks to health and safety that cannot be adequately controlled in other ways, The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 require PPE to be supplied.

The Regulations also require that PPE is:

■ properly assessed before use to make sure it is fit for purpose;

■ maintained and stored properly;

■ provided with instructions on how to use it safely;

■ used correctly by employees.

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They are usually made from steel, plastic~Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and sometimes aluminium.

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Air extractors are used when the engines are running, this is because the engines produce high emissions and work is carried out inside meaning the fumes have nowhere to go.

Extractors in the ceiling take away the harmful substances and purify the air for a better work environment.

Fire alarms systems are in constant use on depot. These warn staff when there is a fire so they can move to a fire evacuation point. Fire alarms are situated at regular intervals across the depot. Because Reading Depot is a new building the fire systems have been put in place according to the Building Regulations 2010 "which deal with building controls in new and altered premises".

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Steel toe cap boots are shoes that protect the workers;

foot from falling objects. The front part of the shoes is

reinforced to protect the toes and the mid sole plate

of the shoes protect from punctures.

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When carrying out maintenance activities at Reading Train Care Depot isolation is required, this is for the safety of staff as well as trains and equipment.

When somebody is working on a train in the work shed they must 'take possession' of the road that the train is on.

Each member of staff has their own key which allows them to log on to the Depot Protection System. When somebody is logged on it changes the signal to red and raises a derailer - this means that no trains can move on to that road until everybody is logged off.

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The reason why rubber gloves are used is to protect the users hands from harmful chemicals that could cause a skin problem or infection. They also protect from dirt which also could cause an infection.

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They are normally made from a type of latex or vinyl. For this reson They can be used in applications such as healthcare, sports and recreational and finally within commercial and industry.

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Gloves are also an example of personal protective equipment (PPE). They are often used for amongst professionals as huge and contamination prevention methods. For example, within the rail industry it can be used to protect contamination from oils and lubricants.

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Ear defenders are the equipments for the workers to protect them from any possible damages of hearing.

They cover the ears in order to prevent deafness from  the noise produced while working

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- No bump hat can result in head injuries, especially whilst working on the undeframe of a train at head level

- No high visibility, less likely to be seen by moving vehicles such as forklifts

- No ear defenders - damage to hearing when standing directly next to a running engine

- No safety glasses - damage to eyes from chemicals/sparks

- No steel toe cap boots - possibility of heavy items and/or tools falling on to feet

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Safety glasses are simply a pair of reinforced glasses that are made from a strong type of plastic, but they are normally used, not to change the users sight, but to protect it.

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A bump hat is a hat or cap that has a hard prective top to reduce injury if the wearer knocks their head against a hard or sharp surface.

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The safety glasses are worn to protect users eyes from any chemicals or oils being used, any sparks or any other stray practicals like small bits of metal.

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High visibility overalls are made from cotton on the inside and a high visibility outside made from a highly durable poly cotton blend with antistatic fibres, which provide the wear protection from heat and flame, and is fluorocarbon treated so they are oil and water resistant

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The main reason for it to be worn is if a technician is working under the train and was not wearing his bump hat. He could hit his head causing a laceration or injury that could require hospital treatment.

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Laura Dowling

Resma Rai

Matthew Waters

Vid Dahiya

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Background to work carried out First Great Western, Reading Train Care Depot

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Background to work carried out First Great Western, Reading Train Care Depot

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Reading Train Care depot is home to a fleet of 59 trains which are used in the London and Thames Valley area. The depot operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week with continuous shifts of staff working to keep the trains clean as well as carrying out maintenance work. Maintenance work varies from changing brake pads, replacing CCTV cameras and chcking door operation, all the way through to heavy maintenance which includes engine and transmission changes.

There are many hazards that have been considered when working on depot. This means that PPE must be used at all times on depot. This may range from just range high visibility clothing to full PPE in the work shed. We will explain the different PPE used on the depot work site.

Staff members must be deemed competent before they are allowed to carry out certain jobs. Competency is gained by passing assessments after being mentored by other competent staff.