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300BC
-Geocentric model
-Everything in the universe revolves around earth in perfect circles
-It didn't explain retrograde motion and change in progress for other planets

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-create one of the first geocentric models.
- Eudoxus designed his model of the universe as a series of cosmic spheres containing the stars, the sun, and the moon all built around the Earth at its center.
-it could not predict the motion of other planets

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150 C
-geocentric model
-earth at the centure of the universe with everything orbiting it
-He believed that the Moon was orbiting on a sphere closest to the Earth, followed by Mercury, then Venus and then the Sun.
-major flaw was that the model didnt relate or show any resemblence to how the universe worked

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-heliocentric model
-proposed that the sun was at the center of the universe
-created the concept that the sun had a direct relationship to the planets surounding it to the size of their orbit
-a flaw was that he had an inability to grasp the elliptical orbits and ended up incorporating planets moving at a constant rate in elliptical orbits

Images

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-geometric model of a heliocentric planetary orbit
-his theory is summed up to three laws
-first being all planets orbits are ellipses which are confocal with the sun and lie in a fixed plane.
-The second being a planet takes the same area of space no matter where in orbit it is
-the third being a planets orbital period is equal to the size of its orbit
-This model was far from accurate as it described the solar system as a sequence of alternating spheres and planetary solids which is not true at all

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1610
-heliocentric model
-he used a telescope to confirm the sun being at the center of the earth and his observations supported this idea of a sun centered universe
-he observed four moons in orbit around jupiter which provided evidence that planets do not revolve around the earth
-he also obserbed the different phases of venus similar to the earth which also helped provide evidence that planets to not revolve around earth
-he believed the tides were a direct result of Earth's inconsistent motion around the Sun which is not a correct explanation for tides

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-flat ACDM Big Bang model
- It suggests that about 69.2%±1.2% [2015] of the mass and energy in the universe is a cosmological constant
-about 25 percent is a dark matter
-and about 4.84 percent is the physical matter of the universe such as planets, stars, clouds etc
-there is no edge or center of the universe
-the bing bang occured 13.8 billion years ago which created all matter and energy in the universe
-earth revolves in orbit around the sun for 365 days 6 hours and 9 minutes while mercury takes 87
-the gravity and large mass of the sun keeps the planets orbiting it