# data[].attributes.body
Sudan is a wide-ranging country with a wealth of cultural diversity. The northern region, mainly Arab and Islamic, differs from the southern region, which has a mix of African and Christian influences. Sudan's essence is a complex blend of historical threads, diverse customs, and cultural impacts. In spite of difficulties, the people of Sudan display resilience and a strong sense of community.

# data[].attributes.body
Sudan is a diverse linguistic mix. Despite Arabic being the official language due to the country's Arab-Islamic background, the varied ethnic composition has led to a wide array of languages. Additionally, many different Arabic dialects are spoken throughout the country. English continues to be utilized in official and educational settings, a legacy from the colonial era. Apart from those, Sudan has various native languages such as Nubian, Beja, Shilluk, and Dinka.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Group of villagers waiting outside the location to get a cauterization treatment done. 

# data[].attributes.body
The Sudanese culture is known for its diversity and uniqueness, including traditional healing practices such as Al-kaiy or cauterization, involving heated metal for treating wounds (Mariod et al., 2023). This technique, carried out by a healer named Al-Kwai, is thought to enhance healing by preventing infection, stopping bleeding, and boosting the flow of vital energy (Mariod et al., 2023). Cauterization, practiced for many years is considered a final option because of its painful nature, employed to treat a range of conditions such as abdominal pain, headaches, and joint problems in both humans and animals (Mariod et al., 2023).

Reference

Mariod, A., Elrasheed, H., & Agab, M. A. (2023). History of Traditional Medicine Practices in Sudan: REVIEW. International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research. https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1200069

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
سودان التنوع .. اغنية من الشرق .. طاهر الامين

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
An Al-Jazeera image highlighting mental health concerns within the Sudanese community. 

# data[].attributes.body
Sudanese refugees often suffer from severe mental health issues, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), due to severe traumas such as witnessing executions, abuse, and common violence (Abur and Mphande, 2019). These experiences lead to emotional and psychological effects. The main treatment for PTSD is Trauma-Informed Therapy, which addresses the effects of the trauma and aims to provide emotional support. This method ensures that therapy is compassionate and tailored to every individual's traumatic experience, assisting refugees receive the appropriate care they need to effectively manage and successfully overcome their PTSD symptoms effectively (Abur and Mphande, 2019).

Reference

Abur, W. and Mphande, C. (2019). Mental Health and Wellbeing of South Sudanese-Australians. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 55(3), p.002190961988029. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619880294.

# data[].attributes.body
For refugees arriving from Sudan to Australia, "social inclusion and non-discrimination" play a key role in their health outcomes. Promoting social inclusion can enhance lifespan by cultivating close social connections that offer practical and emotional assistance (AIHW, 2024). Refugees who have strong social connections may have reduced stress levels and improved overall well-being. However, social exclusion and discrimination can worsen mental suffering and prolonged stress, leading to deteriorating health. In Australia, a significant portion of the population is impacted by social exclusion, especially those with health conditions, highlighting the crucial role of social inclusion in enhancing health outcomes (AIHW, 2024).

References

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2024). Social determinants of health. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; Australian Government. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/social-determinants-of-health

‌

Social determinants of health. (2024). Www.who.int. https://www.who.int/health-topics/universal-health-coverage/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

# data[].attributes.body
When considering the care given to Sudanese patients, I recognize the significance of approaching each person without preconceived notions. Health beliefs and practices, such as Al-kaiy, showcase the variety within the field of health. In order to offer culturally competent care, I need to engage in active listening and avoid clear of stereotypes. This includes respecting patients' decisions and wishes, even when they do not align with Western medical traditions. By establishing a welcoming space, I can establish trust and properly attend to their healthcare requirements. Continual learning of different cultures is crucial in improving my patient care for Sudanese individuals.

Reference

Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership.

(2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

‌

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
A photo of young Sudanese children smiling.

# data[].attributes.body
I thoroughly enjoyed researching Sudanese culture and gaining a deeper understanding of it. My heart goes out to the refugees who arrive in Australia and face challenges in adjusting to their new lives. I truly hope that, in the future, their transition becomes smoother and that they find safety, happiness, and a sense of belonging here in Australia. Thank you for exploring Sudanese culture with me. I hope you enjoyed the journey and gained a deeper understanding of its beauty and difficulties.