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1. Economically weak - the government has deficits and must tax

2. Politically weak - the government is ineffective and cannot enfore policy; inept ruler

3. Intellecual desert old regime - reformers speak out against government

4. Class antaganism - there is a conflict between the old regime and new forces within the state

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1. Financial breakdown

2. Symbolic actions / Dramatic events - rallying point against the old regime; government protests increase

3. Role of force - the government cannot repress the rebellion

4. dual soviergnty - there is a better organized and obeyed government

5. Moderates Attain Power - e.g. new constitution; fight a war

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1. Radicals take control - small number of devoted, diciplined radical govern

2. war (civil and foreing)

3. Centralization of power in a revolutionary council dominated by a strong man

4. Forced Conformity or punishment

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1. Slow, uneven return to quieter Timers - first convalences from the fever of the revolution

2. Moderates Rule (again) - new norms established between different factions

3. Agressive nationalism

4. Resolution - implement intended change

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Economically weak - The Spanish governments had debts to the Catholic Church leading them to impose taxes on tobacco and on polling in 1780.

Politically weak - The Spanish government was constantly in wars and minor conflicts as a world superpower, but when Napoleon invaded in 1808 this caused problems on home soil. Which loosened Spain control of their colonies, allowing them to develop and begin trading together.

Intellectual desert old regime - Two major intellectuals that deserted the old regime and began to speak out were Simón Bolívar and Francisco de Paula Santander, who both later became significant leaders of the revolution.

Class antagonism - It is hard to find much on class antagonism, but high officials and loyalists to Spain wanted to keep Columbia the way it was, as there were making money. And lower and middle classes were wanting freedom and rights as they began experiencing some freedom as the Spanish had little control while fighting the French army on Spanish soil.

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Financial breakdown - Spanish colonies in South America begin trading with one another and other countries to not get taxed by the Spanish government.

Symbolic actions / Dramatic events - The French began invading Spain, leading to either heavy loyalty to the king an opportunity to revolt. Also, the successful American Revolution showed and gave support to what Simon was trying to do, only helping them gain influence and power. Additionally, the British began airing open support for the revolt to minimize the Spanish monopoly on world trade. They sent troops to work with Simón Bolívar, to built to his growing force.

Role of force - Simón Bolivar's army, growing quickly and supported by the British, had significant apparent power and were offering slaves and their family's freedom for the men joining the revolution.

Dual Sovereignty - A temporary Federal Republic was made in 1819, headed by Simón Bolívar, and a vise president, Francisco de Paula Santander. But actually Simon acted more as a dictator, and continued to seek the South American freedom of Spanish rule. While is some areas, Spanish influence still persisted, under the king of Spain's rule, Ferdinand the 7th.

Moderates Attain Power - Declaring independence from Spain on July 5th, 1811. The first declaration for freedom and rights in South America.

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“Revolution and Independence.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., www.britannica.com/place/Colombia/Revolution-and-independence. Accessed 5 Dec. 2023.

“Simon Boliver: Thinker, Liberator, Reformer.” Bill of Rights in Action, www.crf-usa.org/images/pdf/simonboliver.pdf. Accessed 6 Dec. 2023.

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Radicals take control - The revolutioneers form a republic in 1811 and form a constitution with federalistic traits.

War - upon the creeation of the new republic, Bolivar and his men found themselves being raided by the spanish. with poorly trained troops bolivar was forced to give up caracas. this war would span from 1813 to 1825.

Centralization of power - Simon Bolivar gained much respect from the columbians and acted as a dictator for the people. he comanded the army and made all the decisions. and on augest 6, 1813 Bolivar was granted "supreme power".

Forced Conformity or punishment - when bolivar started gaining more popularity he started forcing prisoners to join his army, if they did not comply they were executed.

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Slow, uneven return to quiter times - at the end of the war in 1825 the people slowely started going back to normal as the new independant country figured itself out.

Moderates rule - Bolivar continued to rule as he became president and elected to create a government with rules of federalism such as making 3 branches.

Agressive nationalism - Bolivia was named after their brave leader showing there loyalty to Bolivar.

Resolution - A new government is formed and is made for the people involving voteing and elections. the people got what they fought for.