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Borysiuk (as cited in Gashi Shatri, 2020) listed the following advantages

Motivation

Personalized learning

Critical thinking

Increased independence

Game-based learning

Increased student involvement

Interactive experiences

Promotes 21st century skills

Galle (as cited in Gashi Shatri, 2020) provided these additional examples.

Promotes collaboration

Promotes communication

Simplifies data collection

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Borysiuk (as cited in Gashi Shatri, 2020) listed the following disadvantages

Distraction

Access to inappropriate websites

Access to inaccurate information

Galle (as cited in Gashi Shatri, 2020) provided additional examples.

Unreliable resources

Privacy issues

Examples related to privacy and security provided by American College of Education (2024) include

Identify theft

Virus

Scams, such as phishing

Worms

Ramakrishman & Tandon (2018) cited loss of data or the corruption of files

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When online attacker tries to trick you into believing they have a genuine purpose, but they are trying to obtain your personal information.

American College of Education (2024) stated attacks may occur in

Emails

Texts

Instant messages

Social media

Voice messages

The two forms on phishing = smishing and vishing.

Smishing is completed in short messages or text messages.

Vishing is accompished by phone

Ramakrishman & Tandon (2018) explained hackers' goal is to gain

Usernames

Passwords

Credit card information

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Ramakrishman & Tandon (2018) defined a virus as software that can reproduce itself and gain unwanted access to a computer without the user knowing this is occurring.

Attaches itself to programs or files on the device.

Ramakrishman & Tandon (2018) stated a virus can do various things, such as

Delete a file

Reformat a hard disk

Replicate itself

Display a video or audio message.

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Digital worms are similar to viruses as they also can duplicate themselves, but they do this independently and over a network.

Travels through a network and damages its performance (Ramakrishman & Tandon, 2018).

Creates copies of itself onto other computers (Ramakrishman & Tandon, 2018).

Can gain control of an infected device (Ramakrishman & Tandon, 2018).

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Enables online attackers to find a hidden path into a device’s system (Ramakrishman & Tandon, 2018).

Ramakrishman & Tandon (2018) stated Trojan horses have the ability to

Erase data

Corrupt files

Install viruses

Collect emails then use them for spam

Interfere with antivirus or firewall programs

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Google searches for projects

Emails

Social media platforms, such as Twitter for gaining information

Storing student record and data online

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Technology Safety and Security Presentation - Google Jamboard

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JamboardJamboard is G Suite’s digital whiteboard that offers a rich collaborative experience for teams and classrooms. Watch your creativity unfold: you can create a Jam, edit it from your device, and share it with others. Everybody can collaborate on the Jam anytime, anywhere. For businesses and schools that use Jamboard hardware, you can use your iPhone or iPad to join or open a Jam on a nearby board. * Draw with various pens and colors to bring your ideas to life.
* Share Jams and work together with others in the same Jam in real time.
* Add sticky notes to brainstorm ideas together.
* Bring your Jams to life by inserting photos and stickers.
* Import Drive files from G Suite to annotate documents together.
* Highlight objects with the laser pointer tool. Permissions Notice Camera: Take photos to insert into jams.
Photos: This is used to let users pick images to insert into Jams and to save Jams as PNGs.

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The purpose of​ firewall is to protect and secure a network by denying entry for unwanted users and information, as well as monitoring the network to ensure it meets the regulations designed by an organization (American College of Education, 2024).

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The goal of antivirus software is to detect, isolate and stop the various types of cyber threats before damage occurs (Crider, 2023).

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Filters are used to block URLs or unwanted material (American College of Education, 2024).

American College of Education (2024) stated several of the types of filters

Browser-based web filters

Search engine filters

Content-limited ISP

Network-based filters

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Krueger (2016) explained personnel should be open and honest with communication about why schools collect data and how it is being guarded.

School Districts must abide by two laws.

Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA)

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

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In ordinance with the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) administration should monitor student devices.

An example program is Gaggle.

Gaggle monitors the safety of students on their school provided device (Gaggle.Net Inc., 2023)

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Gaggle is the pioneer in helping K-12 districts manage student safety on school-provided technology. Learn more about our student safety solutions today!

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Inventory devices on a regular basis.

Create a strong and secure password.

Utilize a backup system for data recovery.

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Become educated on the safety and security.

Teachers, staff and students need to learn digital citizenship skills.

Resource: Common Sense Media

Delivers a safer environment for using media and technology while promoting equitable access for students (Common Sense Media, n.d.).

Example: provides lessons on digital citizenship.

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DigCit Landing Page | Common Sense Education

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Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) 

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Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) 

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American College of Education (2024) explained CIPA requires school districts to implement an internet safety policy.

Helps alleviate the concern of students having access to offensive, vulgar or dangerous content when using the Internet (Federal Communications Commission, 2019).

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The Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was enacted by Congress in 2000 to address concerns about children's access to obscene or harmful content over the Internet. CIPA imposes certain requirements on schools or libraries that receive discounts for Internet access or internal connections through the E-rate program - a program that makes certain communications services and products more affordable for eligible schools and libraries. In early 2001, the FCC issued rules implementing CIPA and provided updates to those rules in 2011.

What CIPA requires

Schools and libraries subject to CIPA may not receive the discounts offered by the E-rate program unless they certify that they have an Internet safety policy that includes technology protection measures. The protection measures must block or filter Internet access to pictures that are: (a) obscene; (b) child pornography; or (c) harmful to minors (for computers that are accessed by minors). Before adopting this Internet safety policy, schools and libraries must provide reasonable notice and hold at least one public hearing or meeting to address the proposal.

Schools subject to CIPA have two additional certification requirements: 1) their Internet safety policies must include monitoring the online activities of minors; and 2) as required by the Protecting Children in the 21st Century Act, they must provide for educating minors about appropriate online behavior, including interacting with other individuals on social networking websites and in chat rooms, and cyberbullying awareness and response.

Schools and libraries subject to CIPA are required to adopt and implement an Internet safety policy addressing:

Access by minors to inappropriate matter on the Internet;

The safety and security of minors when using electronic mail, chat rooms and other forms of direct electronic communications;

Unauthorized access, including so-called "hacking," and other unlawful activities by minors online;

Unauthorized disclosure, use, and dissemination of personal information regarding minors; and

Measures restricting minors' access to materials harmful to them.

Schools and libraries must certify they are in compliance with CIPA before they can receive E-rate funding.

CIPA does not apply to schools and libraries receiving discounts only for telecommunications service only;

An authorized person may disable the blocking or filtering measure during use by an adult to enable access for bona fide research or other lawful purposes.

CIPA does not require the tracking of Internet use by minors or adults.

You can find out more about CIPA or apply for E-rate funding by contacting the Universal Service Administrative Company's (USAC) Schools and Libraries Division (SLD). SLD also operates a client service bureau to answer questions at 1-888-203-8100 or via email through the SLD website.

Printable Version

Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) (pdf)

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Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA)

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The Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was enacted by Congress in 2000 to address concerns about children's access to obscene or harmful content over the Internet.

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Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).

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Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).

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Explicitly outlines the rules school district personnel must follow to ensure the privacy of student’s records (​Underwood, 2017)​.

Gives parents rights in regards to their child's educational records (U.S. Department of Education, 2021).

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The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (20 U.S.C. § 1232g; 34 CFR Part 99) is a Federal law that protects the privacy of student education records. The law applies to all schools that receive funds under an applicable program of the U.S. Department of Education.

FERPA gives parents certain rights with respect to their children's education records. These rights transfer to the student when he or she reaches the age of 18 or attends a school beyond the high school level. Students to whom the rights have transferred are "eligible students."

Parents or eligible students have the right to inspect and review the student's education records maintained by the school. Schools are not required to provide copies of records unless, for reasons such as great distance, it is impossible for parents or eligible students to review the records. Schools may charge a fee for copies.

Parents or eligible students have the right to request that a school correct records which they believe to be inaccurate or misleading. If the school decides not to amend the record, the parent or eligible student then has the right to a formal hearing. After the hearing, if the school still decides not to amend the record, the parent or eligible student has the right to place a statement with the record setting forth his or her view about the contested information.

Generally, schools must have written permission from the parent or eligible student in order to release any information from a student's education record. However, FERPA allows schools to disclose those records, without consent, to the following parties or under the following conditions (34 CFR § 99.31):

School officials with legitimate educational interest;

Other schools to which a student is transferring;

Specified officials for audit or evaluation purposes;

Appropriate parties in connection with financial aid to a student;

Organizations conducting certain studies for or on behalf of the school;

Accrediting organizations;

To comply with a judicial order or lawfully issued subpoena;

Appropriate officials in cases of health and safety emergencies; and

State and local authorities, within a juvenile justice system, pursuant to specific State law.

Schools may disclose, without consent, "directory" information such as a student's name, address, telephone number, date and place of birth, honors and awards, and dates of attendance. However, schools must tell parents and eligible students about directory information and allow parents and eligible students a reasonable amount of time to request that the school not disclose directory information about them. Schools must notify parents and eligible students annually of their rights under FERPA. The actual means of notification (special letter, inclusion in a PTA bulletin, student handbook, or newspaper article) is left to the discretion of each school.

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policy; privacy; academic records; technical assistance; parent rights; student rights; ferpa

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Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

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Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) Home Page.

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"This comprehensive document provides functional guidance so policymakers can enshrine child online safety into law and practice" (5Rights Foundation, n.d., para 1).

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Making Child Online Safety a Reality

Building the Digital World Young People Deserve

Safety Online Allows Young People to Thrive

Young people want and need to be online to learn, play, access information, and build relationships.

The digital world must protect their right to participate safely.

The Child Online Safety Toolkit provides a practical and accessible roadmap to create a digital world where all children and young people are safe and fulfilled.

This toolkit provides international best practices to anyone responsible for Child Online Safety.

It contains step-by-step instructions to help assess and inform policy development, at all stages of the process.

What’s your view on children’s rights in the digital world?

As a deaf young person, digital rights are really important to me; I use digital methods of communication a lot in my daily life.
Tobais, 14

Make it as easy to learn and understand as it is to click. We are the future.
Hayley, 16

Young people demand a kinder, safer digital world that respects their rights. The toolkit will help you make Child Online Safety a reality.

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Child Online Safety Toolkit - Child Online Safety Toolkit

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The Child Online Safety Toolkit provides an actionable, practical approach for anyone developing policies for child online safety. Young people demand a kinder, safer digital world that respects their rights. The toolkit will help you make Child Online Safety a reality. [...]Read More...

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Khan Academy spoke with experts from Google to develop videos to teach users how to be safe online (Khan Academy, 2022).

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You can learn about anything and everything on the web, but knowing how to keep your personal information safe online is one of the most important things.

Khan Academy interviewed Google's top security experts to bring you videos packed with powerful tips to help you stay safe online.

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Internet safety tips and course | By Khan Academy and Google

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You can learn about anything and everything on the web, but knowing how to keep your personal information safe online is one of the most important things. Khan Academy interviewed Google's top security experts to bring you videos packed with powerful tips to help you stay safe online.

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The agency wrote a report that documents cybersecurity risks, recommendations and guidelines for schools, as well as provides reference sheets with key findings, recommendations, and security measures (Cybersecurity Infrastructure Security Agency, 2023).

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Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency CISA

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Protecting Our Future: Partnering to Safeguard K-12 Organizations from Cybersecurity Threats reports on cybersecurity risks facing elementary and secondary schools and provides recommendations that include cybersecurity guidelines designed to help schools face these risks.

The accompanying media kit includes three one-sheet reference guides on key findings, recommendations, and the most impactful security measures.

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Report: Partnering to Safeguard K-12 Organizations from Cybersecurity Threats | CISA

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Malicious cyber actors target K-12 education organizations with potentially catastrophic impacts on students, their families, teachers, and administrators. This CISA report helps schools reduce the risks of a cyber catastrophe.

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IBM is a technology company that provided a blog post on cyber threats. Badman (2021) stated the more you know about cyber threats the more you can protect yourself.

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Unpack the many and varied types of cybersecurity threats organizations face today-and the threat actors behind them.