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Lebah adalah contoh agen pendebungaan

Cuba senaraikan lagi agen pendebungaan selain lebah. Kamu boleh menggunakan aplikasi coggle untuk membina peta i-Think topik ini.. Good luck!

p.s : don't forget to share the link here..

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Hi guys, using by using Animaker apps, create a video that shows self pollination... sky is the limit..

Good luck!

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Hi guys, enjoy this animation for cross and self pollination

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pendebungaan sendiri melibatkan....

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Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. The goal of every living organism, including plants, is to create offspring for the next generation. One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by making seeds. Seeds contain the genetic information to produce a new plant.

Flowers are the tools that plants use to make their seeds. The basic parts of the flower are shown in the diagram below.

Seeds can only be produced when pollen is transferred between flowers of the same species. A species is defined a population of individuals capable of interbreeding freely with one another but because of geographic, reproductive, or other barriers, they do not interbreed with members of other species.

How does pollen get from one flower to another? Flowers must rely on vectors to move pollen. These vectors can include wind, water, birds, insects, butterflies, bats, and other animals that visit flowers. We call animals or insects that transfer pollen from plant to plant "pollinators".

Pollination is usually the unintended consequence of an animal's activity on a flower. The pollinator is often eating or collecting pollen for its protein and other nutritional characteristics or it is sipping nectar from the flower when pollen grains attach themselves to the animal's body. When the animal visits another flower for the same reason, pollen can fall off onto the flower's stigma and may result in successful reproduction of the flower.

Referring to the animated image, pollen from the anthers of Flower 1 is deposited on the stigma of Flower 2. 0nce on the stigma, pollen may "germinate," which means that a "pollen tube" forms on the sticky surface of the stigma and grows down into the ovule of the plant.

This growth can result in:

Successful fertilization of the flower and the growth of seeds and fruit; or,

A plant can be only partially fertilized, in which the fruit and/or seeds do not fully develop; or,

The plant can completely fail to be pollinated, and may not reproduce at all.

Plants can be:

Self-pollinating - the plant can fertilize itself; or,

Cross-pollinating - the plant needs a vector (a pollinator or the wind) to get the pollen to another flower of the same species.

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What is Pollination? | US Forest Service

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Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. The goal of every living organism, including plants, is to create offspring for the next generation. One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by making seeds.

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Hi guys, by using Animaker, create a video about cross pollination... sky is the limit.. no need to be too long... 3 minutes should be enough.

Good luck!

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cross pollination video by students

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from this process, we got to taste flavorsome doughnut peach ;)

From this article, create a podcast with your group mates regarding this topic.. 3 minutes should be great... good luck!!

p.s: don't be too serious.. the podcast should be relaxing...this podcast is done so that your friends can relate this topic to agriculture setting..

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Cross-pollination is when pollen from one plant variety fertilizes flowers of another variety, usually within the same species.

Learn more about cross-pollinating different fruit, vegetable and flower species in the garden. When you should increase or avoid cross-pollination is also explained, with the benefits of each.

→ Discover: breeders who practice cross-pollination

What is cross-pollination?

Most plants that bear flowers reproduce through sexual reproduction. This means each seed comes from an ovule of the mother plant that was fertilized with pollen from a male plant. These special reproductive cells, called gamete, are produced and released in flowers, usually on the pistils (for female gametes) and the stamens (for male gametes).

Cross pollination: breeding of two varieties

Cross-pollination is what happens when each gamete comes from different varieties within a plant species.

Cross-pollination is also called cross-fertilization.

For example, male pollen from a 'Gala' apple tree variety will reach a flower on a neighboring 'Golden Delicious' apple tree variety and fertilize it.

In nearly all cases, the fruit that forms has the characteristics of the "mother" plant.

In rare cases, the fruit is different depending on the "father" plant's species or variety.

This almost always happens between two different varieties of the same species.

In rare occasions, two plants that are more distantly related might also successfully cross pollinate. This is called "hybridization".

What is not cross-pollination?

Self-pollination is different from cross-pollination

Many species are capable of producing both male and female gametes on the same plant, sometimes even on the same flower. When these are able to bear fruit without any outside pollen, it means they're self-pollinating plants (or self-fertilizing).

Self-pollination is often considered the opposite of cross-pollination.

Two trees of the same variety planted near each other is self-pollination, not cross-pollination.

Hybridization, or hybrid plants

Sometimes two different species within a family can bear fruit together and will have offspring. This is called hybridization or hybridizing, and the offspring is called a hybrid.

For example, butternut and red kuri will result in fertile fruit. The new fruit, if grown from seed, will resemble a mix of both. It will be a new squash hybrid.

Most of the citrus varieties are hybrids.

In a way, hybridization is a successful cross-pollination between two different species.

Hybrid plants may be sterile, but not necessarily.

Sometimes traits (like new flower color or fruit size) are lost after a few generations.

In other cases they're stable and a new species has been created or bred.

Is cross-pollination necessary?

Cross-pollination is sometimes mandatory for some species to bear fruit.

In most cases, cross-pollination increases the harvest in number and fruit size.

Lastly, in some cases cross-pollination is completely unnecessary, or should even be avoided.

When is cross-pollination necessary?

Many fruit tree varieties require cross-pollination to bear the most fruit, but some absolutely require it. Indeed, on their own or if only planted with the same variety, they would never bear any fruit.

Fruit tree varieties that absolutely need cross-pollination to bear fruit :

certain apple tree varieties - Spigold apple, Jonagold apple, Roxbury russet apple, Mutsu apple, and others which are triploid or polypoid.

certain pear tree varieties - Catillac, Merton Pride, and more polypoid varieties

all types of blueberry and bilberry

certain citrus varieties - clementine orange for example

Cross-pollination is also necessary if you're breeding plants in the hope of discovering a new plant variety. It's faster than hoping for stable mutations to appear from propagated cuttings or natural growth.

Most ornamental flower varieties grown and sold in nurseries are patented plant varieties produced through cross-pollination.

Cross pollination possible to increase the harvest

Almost all varieties and species will bear a larger harvest if they are cross-pollinated with other varieties.

This is especially true for most self-pollinating varieties. Although they will bear fruit without any outside pollen, there are still advantages of cross-fertilizing them:

larger fruits

more numerous fruits

fruits less likely to drop when stressed (heat stress or water stress)

fruits aren't "seedless" anymore though

Cross-pollination not needed

Most self-pollinating varieties will bear fruit perfectly without any pollen from other varieties: their own pollen is enough.

Sweet orange, 'Temple', 'Lee' and 'Fallglo' orange varieties and many other citrus

self-pollinating apple, pear and other varieties

Vanilla (an orchid actually) is self-pollinating

For some plants, the fruit appears even if the flower isn't pollinated or fertilized. This is called parthenocarpy.

Of course, cross-pollination isn't needed for all plants not grown for fruit or seed:

When to avoid cross-pollination

Sometimes it's actually a bad idea to cross-pollinate because the harvest would increase too much. Fruits would stay small and branches may break off. Additionally, trees that bear too many fruits will age and perish within a few years. Over-pollination exhausts the mother plant.

This is a precaution you should take with:

Pear tree, citrus and apple varieties that are vulnerable to over-pollination

If over-pollination does occur, you can cancel bad consequences by thinning out fruit

For example, the wood of most pear tree varieties is brittle. If you can't take the time to thin fruits every year in season, it may be best to have varieties that don't pollinate very well. That way, branches won't break due to heavy fruiting.

The other main reason to avoid cross-pollination is to maintain a pure variety. This is especially important if you're using your own seeds year after year, like when you save seeds from your tomato plants. Squash, bean, carrot, are good examples of this: if you grow two varieties close to each other, it's impossible to predict what their seeds will grow to become. It's also relevant if you want to protect your seeds from genetically modified organisms (GMO) crops that are planted nearby.
More on cross pollination:

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Cross-pollination - what is it, plants that need it and when to avoid it

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Cross-pollination is when two different plant varieties within a species fertilize and bear seed. It often helps but not always. Control cross-pollination.

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Terdapat banyak lagi kebaikan pendebungaan kacuk... Senaraikan lagi kebaikan pendebungaan kacuk menggunakan peta i-Think.. Kamu boleh guna aplikasi coggle..

Don't forget to share the link yaa!

Good Luck!

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It Is So Important To Cross Pollinate | Tim Ross + Charles Metcalf