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Apartheid was the racial segregation in Africa that lasted from 1948 to 1994. During apartheid, people were separated into three categories: White, Black, and Colored. The white people were at the highest power, being the only ones who could vote, go wherever they wanted, and more.

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Nelson Mandela, born in 1918, was possibly the biggest reason for the end of apartheid. He became a lawyer for the African National Congress and vowed to overthrow apartheid. He was later arrested for treason and was sentenced to life in prison. When news got out about Mandela's arrest to the rest of the world, people realized what was happening in Africa and started to help out. People would organize protests in order to attempt to end Apartheid and free Mandela. He was later freed by F. W. De Klerk and helped to end apartheid, eventually winning a Nobel peace prize.

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The African National Congress, or ANC, was formed in 1912 in order to bring all Africans together and to fight for their rights. Nelson Mandela was a lawyer for the ANC, helping achieve the goal of winning rights for Africans.

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F. W. de Klerk, born in 1986, was another main reason Africans gained equal rights and Apartheid ended. Elected president in 1994, his first action was to abolish apartheid. Soon after, he freed Nelson Mandela and the two worked together to gain equal rights for all Africans.