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Issac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician. He is one of the most important figures in history. He discovered the law of gravitation after studying Kelper's law of planetary motion. It formed the basis of physics until the 20th century. It was called Newtonian Mechanics. He invented the reflecting telescope which is a telescope that has a curved mirror to focus light and created calculus.

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Anton van Leeuwenhoek is an important figure who designed the microscope and used it to discover things that aren't visible to our naked eyes. He made observations of bacteria and protozoa. His research on the growth of small animals helped disprove the theory of spontaneous generation of life.

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Christiaan Huygens was a Dutch Physicist and astronomer who discovered the theory of light and discovered the true shape of the rings on Saturn. Huygens proposed that light traveled in waves of light as they traveled from the object eye to eye. He invented this first reliable pendulum clock originally Galileo's idea. He invented the clock to help reduce the amount of time lost when keeping time.

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December 27th, 1571 to November 15th, 1630

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Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician and astronomer. He accepts the heliocentric theory after examining data gathered by a Danish astronomer named Tycho Brahe. He wrote a book saying that the orbits of the planet are elliptical not circular as Copernicus suggested.

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February 15th, 1564 to January 8th, 1642

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He made observations that further supported Copernicus's theory. In 1633, the Catholic Church condemned Galileo's discoveries and put him on trial. The church forced Galileo to deny support for Copernicus's theory and kept Galileo under house arrest for the rest of his life. The heliocentric theory gained acceptance over time.

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December 31st, 1514 to October 15th, 1564 

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Andreas Vesalius was born into a family of physicians and he transformed the study of biology and the practice of medicine. Based on his dissections, he wrote and illustrated the first textbook of human anatomy. He wrote his book in 1543 when he was 29. He believed that our skeletons were the framework of our bodies. He is considered the founding father of modern human antonomy.

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Antoine Lavoisier was a French Nobleman and chemist. In "Elementary Treatise on Chemistry" he described the constituent gasses of air. He called the two most significant gasses oxygen and nitrogen. He proved that combustion can only happen in the presence of oxygen. He discovered that the modern system for naming chemical compounds and proposed that matter is never destroyed in chemical distractions in his book "Laws of Conservation of Matter."

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January 25th, 1627 to December 31st, 1691

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Robert Boyle was an Irish Scientist and a chemist. He worked with Robert Hooke. The two of them discovered that air is made up of gasses and the changes in the volume of gas affect the gasses pressure. They formed what's, called "Boyle's Law" to describe this relationship. In the book, "The Skeptical Chemist" he questions the belief that the world contains four elements. Those elements are Earth, air, water, and fire. He argues that these four elements can be broken down into more chemical elements. Boyle's discovery soon led to him that all matter is made up of smaller particles that join in different ways.

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René Descartes was a French Philosopher who shared Bacon's interest in science. Instead of doing experiments to support his hypothesis, Descartes relied on logic and mathematics to support his hypothesis. He agreed that we use proof in answering questions. He was known for his philosophical statement, "I think, therefore I am." He argued that in mathematics, the answers were always correct because you used logic to answer questions.

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William Harvey an English Physician who was known for discovering that blood flows at a fast rate around the human body being pumped through a single system of arteries and veins. He supported his hypothesis with experiments and arguments. The human body contains about 5 liters of blood. The body could not simply produce or consume blood, therefore it had to be circulated. William Harvey's discovery of the function of heart and the circulation blood was one of the best discovery in the medical field.

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Sir Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, politician, and writer who was interested in science. He introduced a different approach in the science field in 1620 in the book New Instrument. He was known for discovering the Scientific Method in which he urged many scientists to gather data by using the method.

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Nicolas Copernicus was an important figure and he is known as the father of astronomy. He was the first European scientist the propose the Heliocentric Theory where the Earth and planets go around the Sun at the center of the Universe.