# data[].attributes.headline
MODERN HISTORY IN SPAIN: 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES

# data[].attributes.subject
MODERN HISTORY IN SPAIN: 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES

# data[].attributes.body
Isabel I of Castilla (1451-1504) married Fernando II the Aragon(1452-1516) in 1469.

Pope Alexander VI gave them the title Catholic Monarchs.

They had five children: Isabel, Juan, Juana I, María and Catherine.

# data[].attributes.body
1-Unificatin of the Christian Kingdoms (the rule of theMuslims in the Kingdom of granada, bring peace, spread Catholicism).

2-International policy (stop France becoming powerful, increase Spainś importance in Europe by marrying their children to the sons and daughters of other European royal families).

3- National policy( centralise royal power, reduce the power of the nobles, make Jews and Muslims convert to Catholicism).

4-Expansion (Christopher Columbus travels west to India, expand into Africa)

# data[].attributes.body
In 1492, Christopher Columbus persuaded Queen Isabel I to sponsor him to travel west to find a new route to Asia.

The arrial of Europeans to Americas caused great devastation almost killing out populations

# data[].attributes.body
-Became King of Spain 1516.

-In 1520 he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor as Charles V, and lands in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy ad the Americas.

# data[].attributes.body
Carlos I abdicated in 1556. He divided the Empire between his brother Fernando (German lands) and his son Felipe II (Spain and its Empire)

Felipe ll's successes:

The Philippines Islands were claimed for Spain.

won the Battle of Lepanto

Portugal and its territories were brounght into the Spain Empire.

Felipe llś difficulties:

The Eighty Years' War of the Netherlands independence.

The Morisco Netherlands' Revolt started in Granada.

Huge debts from wars.

# data[].attributes.headline
MODERN HISTORY SPAIN: 17 TH AND 18 TH CENTURIES

# data[].attributes.subject
MODERN HISTORY SPAIN: 17 TH AND 18 TH CENTURIES

# data[].attributes.body
Felipe III come to power in 1958.

During his reign:

Named a valido (minister) to run the government.

Spain's economy became weaker.

Expulsion of the moriscos.

Thirty Years War (1618-1648).

# data[].attributes.body
Felipe IV come to power in 1621.

During his reign:

1640 two rebellions (Portuguese independance and the Cataluña).

1648 the Thirty Years' War ended.

1653 the Revolt in Cataluña ended.

1665 Felipe IV died.

1668 Spain recognised Portuguese Independence.

# data[].attributes.body
Carlos II came to power in 1665.

During his reign:

Validos ruled during his reign.

There was a decrease in economic.

There was two wars against France.

Dies without children.

He was the last Habsburg King in Spain.

# data[].attributes.body
The Golden Age was from the beginning of the 16th century to the late 17th century.

# data[].attributes.body
The characteristics of BAROQUE ART are realism and the mixing of light and dark. Themes include religion, royal families, history and mythology.

Artists of this time:

Diego Velázquez.

José de Ribera.

Francisco de Zurbaran.

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo...

# data[].attributes.body
The arrival of the printing press in 1440.

Novelist: Miguel de Cervantes, María de Zayas, Baltasar Gracián.

Poets: Leonor de la Cueva, Luis de Góngora, Francisco Gómez de Quevedo, Garcilaso de la Vega.

Playwrights: Lópe de Vega, Ana Caro, Calderón de la barca.

# data[].attributes.body
Baroque buildings are quite dramatic to look at as they have a lot of decorative features. They also have oval shapes.

Architects of this style: José Benito de Churriguera, Diego Sillero, Francisco y Juan de Mora.

# data[].attributes.body
The period from the late 1600s to the early 1800s.

Enlightened thinkers were concerned with improving live by:

Educating people.

Improving the political, social and economic situation.

# data[].attributes.body
The French Bourbons and the Austrian Habsburgs wanted to claim the throne of Spain. The beginning of the War of Succession.

The war ended after the signing of the Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt.

# data[].attributes.body
Felipe V founded the National Library, the Real Academia Española and the Real Academia de la Historia.

Fernando VI founded the Botanical Gardens in Madrid.

Carlo III introduced changes in trade and agriculture.

Carlos IV handed over power to Manuel Godoy, his valido.

# data[].attributes.body
He was the court painter for Carlos III and Carlos IV.

His works were varied, inclunding paintings, drawings and engravings.

The Blind Guitarist (picture of the royal famiy and nobles).

The Disasters of War (picture of the war independence).

Two Old Men Eating Soup (painted in dark colours).