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Diseño Visual de una Red de Computadoras

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Diseño Visual de una Red de Computadoras

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Organizar una sesión de explicación visual donde los estudiantes puedan dibujar en la pizarra electrónica los diferentes componentes de una red de computadoras y cómo se conectan entre sí.

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Investigación y Presentación de Topologías de Red

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Investigación y Presentación de Topologías de Red

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Realizar una actividad grupal donde cada grupo investigue y presente una topología de red específica, incluyendo ventajas y desventajas.

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Video Explicativo: ¿Cómo funciona Internet?

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Video Explicativo: ¿Cómo funciona Internet?

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Visualizar un video explicativo sobre cómo funciona Internet como una gran red de computadoras y discutir sus puntos principales en clase.

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How does the internet work? (Full Course)

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Estación de Trabajo: Tipos de Cables de Red

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Estación de Trabajo: Tipos de Cables de Red

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Montar una estación de trabajo donde los estudiantes puedan examinar diferentes tipos de cables de red, identificando sus usos y características.

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Simulación de Redes: Uso de Dispositivos de Red

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Simulación de Redes: Uso de Dispositivos de Red

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Utilizar un software de simulación de redes para que los estudiantes puedan crear y configurar una red básica, entendiendo el papel de cada dispositivo.

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1. Repeater - A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal. When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength. It is a 2 port device.

2. Hub - A hub is basically a multiport repeater. A hub connects multiple wires coming from different branches, for example, the connector in star topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices. In other words, collision domain of all hosts connected through Hub remains one. Also, they do not have the intelligence to find out best path for data packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage.

Types of Hub

Active Hub:- These are the hubs which have their own power supply and can clean, boost, and relay the signal along with the network. It serves both as a repeater as well as wiring centre. These are used to extend the maximum distance between nodes.

Passive Hub :- These are the hubs which collect wiring from nodes and power supply from active hub. These hubs relay signals onto the network without cleaning and boosting them and can't be used to extend the distance between nodes.

Intelligent Hub :- It work like active hubs and include remote management capabilities. They also provide flexible data rates to network devices. It also enables an administrator to monitor the traffic passing through the hub and to configure each port in the hub.

3. Bridge - A bridge operates at data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on the functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of source and destination. It is also used for interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output port, thus making it a 2 port device.

Types of Bridges

Transparent Bridges:- These are the bridge in which the stations are completely unaware of the bridge's existence i.e. whether or not a bridge is added or deleted from the network, reconfiguration of the stations is unnecessary. These bridges make use of two processes i.e. bridge forwarding and bridge learning.

Source Routing Bridges:- In these bridges, routing operation is performed by source station and the frame specifies which route to follow. The host can discover frame by sending a special frame called discovery frame, which spreads through the entire network using all possible paths to destination.

4. Switch - A switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design that can boost its efficiency(a large number of ports imply less traffic) and performance. A switch is a data link layer device. The switch can perform error checking before forwarding data, that makes it very efficient as it does not forward packets that have errors and forward good packets selectively to correct port only. In other words, switch divides collision domain of hosts, but broadcast domain remains same.

5. Routers - A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. Router is mainly a Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together and have a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data packets. Router divide broadcast domains of hosts connected through it.

6. Gateway - A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks together that may work upon different networking models. They basically work as the messenger agents that take data from one system, interpret it, and transfer it to another system. Gateways are also called protocol converters and can operate at any network layer. Gateways are generally more complex than switch or router.

7. Brouter - It is also known as bridging router is a device which combines features of both bridge and router. It can work either at data link layer or at network layer. Working as router, it is capable of routing packets across networks and working as bridge, it is capable of filtering local area network traffic.

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway_%28telecommunications%29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_%28computing%29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch

Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above

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Network Devices (Hub, Repeater, Bridge, Switch, Router, Gateways and Brouter) - GeeksforGeeks

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1. Repeater - A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted over the same network.

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Debate: Seguridad en Redes de Computadoras

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Debate: Seguridad en Redes de Computadoras

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Organizar un debate en clase sobre la importancia de la seguridad de las redes, discutiendo diferentes estrategias y herramientas de seguridad.

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Today, hacks, data breaches, and cyberattacks are more common than ever before. In fact, the number of data breaches that exposed private records more than doubled between 2015 and 2017 alone. The increasing number and severity of these attacks make network security a topic of utmost importance, especially for current and prospective certified IT professionals.

CompTIA has done extensive research on cybersecurity, and one recent study on building security teams, shows that the primary driver for a new security approach is a change in IT operations. Migrating to a cloud provider, adding new mobile devices or focusing on data analytics are all common IT strategies that require new security tactics. It's no coincidence that these strategies also drive changes or improvements to the corporate network. Success in these areas requires a solid understanding of best practices in network security.

Network security is a smaller subset that falls under the larger umbrella of cybersecurity, and it refers to the practice of preventing unauthorized users from accessing computer networks and their associated devices. It involves physically protecting network servers and devices from external threats, as well as taking steps to secure the digital network. In an age of increasingly sophisticated and frequent cyberattacks, network security matters more now than ever before.

The Importance of Network Security

Network security is vital to maintaining the integrity of your data and the privacy of your organization and employees. It encompasses everything from the most basic practices, such creating strong passwords and fully logging out of community computers, to the most complex, high-level processes that keep networks, devices and their users safe. More and more sensitive information is stored online and in these various devices, and if an unauthorized user gains access to that data, it could lead to disastrous results.

Network security is the key to keeping that sensitive information safe, and as more private data is stored and shared on vulnerable devices, network security will only grow in importance and necessity. Experts expect that more than 2,314 exabytes (or over 2 trillion gigabytes) of data will exist by 2020; managing that amount of data is difficult enough, and protecting it will be another issue entirely.

While each and every member of your organization can take strides to help keep things secure, network security has become more complex in recent years. Adequately protecting networks and their connected devices requires comprehensive network training, a thorough understanding of how networks actually work and the skills to put that knowledge into practice. It's crucial for networks to be thoroughly and properly set up, secured and monitored to fully preserve privacy.

Common Network Security Vulnerabilities

In order to effectively implement and maintain secure networks, it's important to understand the common vulnerabilities, threats and issues facing IT professionals today. While some can be fixed fairly easily, others require more involved solutions.

Virtually all computer networks have vulnerabilities that leave them open to outside attacks; further, devices and networks are still vulnerable even if no one is actively threatening or targeting them. A vulnerability is a condition of the network or its hardware, not the result of external action.

These are some of the most common network vulnerabilities:

Improperly installed hardware or software

Operating systems or firmware that have not been updated

Misused hardware or software

Poor or a complete lack of physical security

Insecure passwords

Design flaws in a device's operating system or in the network

While a vulnerability does not guarantee that an attacker or hacker will target your network, it does make it much easier - and possible - for them to gain access to it.

Physical Security Considerations

You must also consider the physical security of the various devices, servers and systems that are used to power and maintain your network. If a network is physically vulnerable, it doesn't matter how strong or extensive its security is, because if someone can gain physical access to any of these items, the entire network could then be compromised.

Important physical safety considerations include the following:

Storing network servers and devices in a secure location

Denying open access to this location to members of your organization

Using video surveillance to deter and detect anyone who attempts to access this location

Taking precautions to maintain the physical safety of your network will ensure that it's able to run as smoothly and safely as possible.

Types of Network Security Attacks

Over the last several years, cyberattacks have become more sophisticated, extensive, frequent and more difficult to defend against. Many cybersecurity experts believe that these attacks will only continue to grow more complex and aggressive.

Some of the most prevalent types of network security attacks any IT professional should be aware of include the following:

Data Theft: Also called data exfiltration, data theft occurs when an attacker uses their unauthorized access to obtain private information from the network. Attackers frequently use stolen login credentials to read protected files or steal the data while it is in transit between two network devices.

Insider Threat: As its name implies, insider threats come from employees within an organization. These employees use their own access to infiltrate the network and obtain sensitive or private company information.

Malware Attacks: A malware attack occurs when a malicious code (malware) inserts undesired, unauthorized software onto a network device. Malware can easily spread from one device to another, making it very difficult to get rid of entirely.

Password Attacks: Any type of attack that involves someone attempting to use a password illegitimately is considered to be a password attack. The hacker may obtain access either by guessing, stealing or cracking a password.

Social Engineering: These attacks use deception and falsehoods to convince others to give up private information, such as an account password, or to violate security protocols. Social engineering attacks often target people who are not tech-savvy, but they may also target technical support staff with false requests for help.

Of course, these are only a few of the many ways that hackers may try to infiltrate network systems, and they will continue to develop new, creative ways to do so. Always pay attention to any unusual activity you happen to notice, and don't hesitate to investigate the matter further.

Types of Network Security Solutions

Just as there are many ways to infiltrate a network, there are many different techniques and strategies that IT professionals can use to secure one. Some of the most common types of network security solutions include:

Antivirus Software: Antivirus software can be installed on all network devices to scan them for malicious programs. It should be updated regularly to fix any issues or vulnerabilities.

Encryption: Encryption is the process of scrambling data to the point of unintelligibility and providing only authorized parties the key (usually a decryption key or password) to decode it. This way, even if data is intercepted or seen by an unauthorized user, they are unable to read it.

Firewalls: Firewalls are a software program, hardware device or combination of both that blocks unsolicited traffic from entering a network. They can be configured to only block suspicious or unauthorized traffic, while still allowing access to legitimate requests.

Multi-Factor Authentication: Multi-factor authentication is simple: users must provide two separate methods of identification to log into an account (for instance, typing in a password and then typing in a numeric code that was sent to another device). Users should present unique credentials from two out of three categories - something you know, something you have and something you are - for multi-factor authentication to be fully effective.

Network Segmentation: Network segmentation involves breaking down a larger network into various subnetworks or segments. If any of the subnetworks are infiltrated or compromised, the others are left untouched because they exist independently of each other.

One security strategy won't be enough to fully and effectively protect a network. A combination of different techniques will ensure that your network is as secure as possible and will help to meet the unique needs of your organization.

Network Protection Tips

Regardless of your organization's needs, there are a few general network protection tips and best practices that you should be sure to follow. Below is a very basic overview of some of the most important, but perhaps underestimated, steps IT professionals should take to ensure network security. A more in-depth guide of all relevant steps and information can be found in the CompTIA Network+ Certification study guide.

Grant Access Sparingly

Always be aware of who has access to your network or servers. After all, not everyone in your organization needs to be able to physically or electronically access everything on your network. Don't give blanket access to every employee in your organization; only give out what information is necessary to help reduce the chance of unauthorized access, purposeful or unintentional tampering, or security breaches.

Follow Password Best Practices

It's a basic principle, but following password best practices is a simple and highly effective way to maintain network security. Many people create passwords that aren't strong, reuse previous passwords and don't use unique passwords for each of their accounts. Encourage all employees to follow password best practices, especially for their work accounts, as it can help keep everyone's data safe.

Secure Servers and Devices

Physically protect your servers and your devices. Keep them in a safe location, and do not grant general access to this room or area. Be sure the room is locked when it's not in use and keep an eye on the area when it is unsecured or in use.

Test Your Security

You should never assume that your network is completely secure. Continually test and troubleshoot your network to see what is substandard or to identify any vulnerabilities. Be sure to make fixes and updates as needed.

In addition, if you do not already have a data recovery plan in place, now is the time to create one. Even the best-secured networks are compromised and infiltrated, and though no one wants or necessarily expects that to happen, being prepared for the worst will make solving the problem significantly easier.

Computer networking is constantly evolving, and what was once considered a network security best practice may soon be a thing of the past. IT professionals need continual education and training to keep up on the latest security issues and threats, so they can more effectively implement promising network security solutions.

Network Troubleshooting Applications

In addition to command-line tools, there are also a number of standalone applications that can be used to determine the status of a network and to troubleshoot issues. Some of these applications may be included in the system that you are working with, while others may need to be installed separately.

Packet Sniffer: Provides a comprehensive view of a given network. You can use this application to analyze traffic on the network, figure out which ports are open and identify network vulnerabilities.

Port Scanner: Looks for open ports on the target device and gathers information, including whether the port is open or closed, what services are running on a given port and information about the operating system on that machine. This application can be used to figure out which ports are in use and identify points in a network that could be vulnerable to outside attacks.

Protocol Analyzer: Integrates diagnostic and reporting capabilities to provide a comprehensive view of an organization's network. You can use analyzers to troubleshoot network problems and detect intrusions into your network.

Wi-Fi Analyzer: Detects devices and points of interference in a Wi-Fi signal. This tool can help you to troubleshoot issues in network connectivity over a wireless network.

Bandwidth Speed Tester: Tests the bandwidth and latency of a user's internet connection. This application is typically accessed through a third-party website and can be used to confirm user reports about slow connections or download speeds.

Hardware Tools

Command-line tools and applications are software tools for troubleshooting, but some network problems have hardware causes and solutions.

Here are some hardware tools that can help you diagnose and solve network issues:

Wire Crimpers: A wire crimper (sometimes called a cable crimper) is a tool that attaches media connectors to the ends of cables. You can use it to make or modify network cables.

Cable Testers: A cable tester (sometimes called a line tester) is a tool that verifies if a signal is transmitted by a given cable. You can use one to find out whether the cables in your network are functioning properly when diagnosing connectivity issues.

Punch Down Tool: A punch down tool is used in a wiring closet to connect cable wires directly to a patch panel or punch-down block. This tool makes it easier to connect wires than it would be to do it by hand.

TDR: A time-domain reflectometer (TDR) is a measuring tool that transmits an electrical pulse on a cable and measures the reflected signal. In a functioning cable, the signal does not reflect and is absorbed in the other end. An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is a similar tool, but used for measuring fiber optic cables, which are becoming more common in modern networks.

Light Meter: Light meters, also known as optical power meters, are devices used to measure the power in an optical signal.

Tone Generator: A tone generator is a device that sends an electrical signal through one pair of UTP wires. On the other end, a tone locator or tone probe is a device that emits an audible tone when it detects a signal in a pair of wires. You can use these tools to verify that signals are passing through the wires in your network. They are often used to confirm phone connectivity.

Loopback Adapter: A loopback adapter is a virtual or physical tool that can be used for troubleshooting network transmission issues. It can be used by utilizing a special connector that redirects the electrical signal back to the transmitting system.

Multimeter: A multimeter (sometimes called a volt/ohm meter) is an electronic measuring instrument that takes electrical measurements such as voltage, current and resistance. There are hand-held multimeters for fieldwork as well as bench-top models for in-house troubleshooting.

Spectrum Analyzer: A spectrum analyzer is an instrument that displays the variation of a signal strength against the frequency.

How to Develop Your Network Troubleshooting Skills

These are just a few of the steps you can follow and tools that you can use to troubleshoot an issue in your network. For home networks, many issues can be solved relatively simply, by checking connections, making sure that everything is plugged in and using built-in diagnostic tools.

However, if you want a job working on computer networks, you'll need to develop your troubleshooting skills to match. Network troubleshooting is an essential skill to have when looking for a job as a network engineer or network administrator, since companies are primarily concerned with minimizing their network downtime.

If you're looking for a job, an IT certification related to computer networking is essential as proof of your abilities. Keep in mind that certification exams test your skills very closely, so make sure to seek out appropriate network training to properly prepare for your exam and test with confidence.

In order to really develop your skills that will land you the job, it's important to combine training and certifications with real-world network troubleshooting experience. This experience doesn't have to come from a job - you can practice your IT skills by tinkering with your own equipment or volunteering with local nonprofits to improve their networks and resolve any issues they're having.

Read more about Computer Networks.

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Network Security Basics- Definition, Threats, and Solutions

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With such a high frequency of cyberattacks, network security is a critical issue for employees and entire organizations alike. IT professionals must be well-versed in network security vulnerabilities, methods, and solutions in order to keep private company data as safe as possible.

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Emparejamiento de Protocolos de Internet

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Emparejamiento de Protocolos de Internet

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Crear una actividad de emparejamiento en papel donde los estudiantes deben conectar los protocolos del conjunto de protocolos de Internet con sus funciones correspondientes.

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Juego de Roles: Solución de Problemas de Red

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Juego de Roles: Solución de Problemas de Red

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Organizar un juego de roles donde los estudiantes asuman el papel de técnicos de soporte para solucionar problemas comunes de red basados en escenarios predefinidos.

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Software Reviews, Opinions, and Tips - DNSstuff

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Network Troubleshooting - Methodology, Steps & Techniques - DNSstuff

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Make your network troubleshooting process as efficient as possible. Follow the steps and best practices to troubleshoot any network issues easily.

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Taller Práctico: Configuración de Direcciones IP

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Taller Práctico: Configuración de Direcciones IP

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Conducir un taller en el laboratorio de computación donde los estudiantes aprendan a configurar direcciones IP en computadoras y dispositivos de red.

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IP Addresses Explained | Cisco CCNA 200-301

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Tarea de Investigación: Redes y Desarrollo Web

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Tarea de Investigación: Redes y Desarrollo Web

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Proporcionar una tarea donde los estudiantes deben investigar cómo las redes de computadoras afectan el desarrollo y funcionamiento de sitios web, presentando sus hallazgos a la clase.

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Prerequisites and requirements

You have written code that makes use of HTTP. As a beginning backend developer, you may have written code that accepts or performs HTTP requests. But you'd like to know more about what's going on "under the hood" when you use HTTP.

You can use the Linux command line. To follow the material in this course, you'll need to enter commands into the shell and make sense of their output. You'll use command-line programs like ping and tcpdump to gather information about computers on the network.

You have used the Internet. If you're looking at this page, you pass this requirement! This course does not assume that you are configuring routers or building firewalls in your spare time. It is really intended as an introduction.

You have access to a Linux system to run commands. If you're taking this course as part of a Udacity Nanodegree program, you can use the Linux-based development environment that we have set up for you. Find out how to access it here. Many of the practical exercises in this course can be done using another Unix-like shell environment, but you may get different results for some exercises.

See the Technology Requirements for using Udacity.

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Networking for Web Developers | Free Courses | Udacity

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Take Udacity's Networking for Web Developers course and learn how the internet works. Explore the underpinnings of the net with tools like traceroute, tcpdump, and nc.