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Research Question: What happened to Japanese Americans in WWII?

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Research Question: What happened to Japanese Americans in WWII?

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Luke Hilbelink English II Hour IV

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On December 7th, 1941, the Empire of Japan attacked the U.S. naval base called Pearl Harbor in order to limit the United States control of the Pacific.
The attack resulted in 2,403 U.S. personnel dead, including 68 civilians, as well as 19 navy ships being destroyed or damaged.

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A ship after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/topics/pearl-harbor-december-7-1941

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The day after the attack, President Franklin Roosevelt delivered his historical “Day of Infamy” speech. After this, Congress declared war against the Empire of Japan.

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President Roosevelt reciting his “Day of Infamy” speech.

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https://www.wpri.com/news/remembering-pearl-harbor-watch-president-roosevelts-infamy-speech/

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After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. took action. Thousands of Japanese Americans were arrested without any evidence by the FBI and the army.
Some were then transferred to prison camps without being able to tell their families for the rest of the war. Japanese fishing boats in Hawaii were impounded, or in other words were not able to leave the island.

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Transferred to Assembly and Relocation Centers

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Transferred to Assembly and Relocation Centers

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Army directed-removals happened all over the U.S. People had few days to sell their belongings, except for the few items they could carry.
Afterward, the Japanese Americans reported to “Assembly Centers” near their homes. From there they were sent to a “Relocation Center” where they could stay for months before being transported yet again to a permanent “Wartime Residence.”

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Japanese Internment Camp in WWII
https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/chandler/2017/01/30/5-things-know-arizonas-world-war-ii-internment-camps/96965004/

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There was a total of 10 prison camps, or “Relocation Centers” built during WWII in the U.S. Typically the camps were made of barracks with eating areas.
Overcrowding was a huge problem. With thousands in each camp, many families had to share living spaces that were made for less people. Due to the close quarters, many illnesses spread easily, such as dysentery, typhoid, and tuberculosis. This was a problem because they lacked nurses and doctors, there was only a few in each camp.

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There was always not enough nurses in the camps. This picture shows Aiko Kamaguchi with her patient Tom Kano.
https://loc.getarchive.net/media/nurse-aiko-hamaguchi-patient-tom-kano-manzanar-relocation-center-calif-photograph

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In 1942, 2 Japanese men were shot by a sentry claiming they were trying to escape. Japanese Americans said the men were old and were just struggling for the journey. The sentry was found not guilty for what he had done.

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In WWII one night in Europe, Kazuo “Kaz” Masuda was on patrol with 2 soldiers when they were attacked. Kaz yelled at his companions to retreat while he held off the enemy. Kazuo was found dead the next day.

At his ceremony for the Distinguished Service Cross, a young captain spoke: “Blood that has soaked into the sands of a beach is all one color. America stands unique in the world, the only country founded not on race, but on.. an ideal.” (Sandler 111).

Fourty-Four years later, Ronald Reagan, the young army captain, now president of the United States, signed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, never forgetting the sacrifice the brave soldier made.

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Kazuo “Kaz” Masuda
https://www.memorialcourtalliance.org/kazuo-masuda

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The Civil Liberties Act in 1988: “Congress issued a formal apology and passed the Civil Liberties Act awarding $20,000 each to over 80,000 Japanese Americans as reparations for their treatment.” (Reparations paragraph)

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During WWII, the Japanese Internment Camps were a violation of civil liberties and human rights. The forced removal and detainment of Japanese Americans, the majority of whom were U.S. citizens, had little to do with them. Although the U.S. government justified the camps as a necessary precaution for national security reasons, it was later acknowledged that the incarceration of innocent people was a mistake. The internment camps left lasting emotional, social, and economic impacts on the internees and their families, and served as a reminder of the dangers of unchecked government power and the importance of protecting the rights of all citizens.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI4NoVWq87M
-Summary/Conclusion of Japanese American Interment in WWII

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Ugly History: Japanese American incarceration camps - Densho

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Sandler, Martin W. Imprisoned the Betrayal of Japanese Americans during World War II. Bloomsbury, 2013

https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/japanese-american-relocation

https://www.britannica.com/event/Japanese-American-internment