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Benito Mussolini establishes the Facist Party in Italy (1919)

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Benito Mussolini establishes the Facist Party in Italy (1919)

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Fascism is a way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of the people and in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government. Mussolini brought this to Italy in 1919

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Nazi party becomes the strongest political party in Germany (1932)

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Nazi party becomes the strongest political party in Germany (1932)

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The Nazi Party was one of a number of right-wing extremist political groups that emerged in Germany following World War I. Beginning with the onset of the Great Depression it rose rapidly from obscurity to political prominence, becoming the largest party in the German parliament in 1932.

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Japan invades Manchuria, League of Nations takes no action (1931-1932)

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Japan invades Manchuria, League of Nations takes no action (1931-1932)

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In violation of all its treaty obligations, Japan occupied Manchuria, in northeast China.

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Germany sends troops into the Rhineland (1936)

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Germany sends troops into the Rhineland (1936)

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On 7 March 1936 German troops re-occupied the Rhineland, a de-militarised zone according to the Treaty of Versailles. This action was directly against the terms which Germany had accepted after the First World War.

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Italy invaded Ethiopia in October 1935, launching a war that would drive Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie into exile, pave the way for Italian occupation, and test the capacity and will of the League of Nations to check the aggression of expansionist states.

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Franciso Franco leads civil war in Spain and is backed by Hitler and Mussolini (1936)

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Franciso Franco leads civil war in Spain and is backed by Hitler and Mussolini (1936)

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In July 1936, a civil war began in Spain when a group who called themselves the Nationalists, led by General Francisco Franco, used force to overturn the left-wing government of the Spanish republic.

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US Congress passes the Neutrality Acts (1935-1937)

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US Congress passes the Neutrality Acts (1935-1937)

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Congress passed three "Neutrality Acts" that tried to keep the United States out of war, by making it illegal for Americans to sell or transport arms, or other war materials to belligerent nations.

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On the morning of 12 March 1938, the 8th Army of the German Wehrmacht crossed the border into Austria. The troops were greeted by cheering Austrians with Nazi salutes, Nazi flags, and flowers. For the Wehrmacht, the invasion was the first big test of its machinery.

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Hilter takes the Sudetenland than Czechoslovakia (1939)

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Hilter takes the Sudetenland than Czechoslovakia (1939)

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The Sudetenland was assigned to Germany between 1 and 10 October 1938. The Czech part of Czechoslovakia was subsequently invaded by Germany in March 1939, with a portion being annexed and the remainder turned into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

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Kristallnacht, the “Night of Broken Glass” (1938)

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Kristallnacht, the “Night of Broken Glass” (1938)

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On the night of November 9, 1938, violent anti-Jewish demonstrations broke out across Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. Nazi officials depicted the riots as justified reactions to the assassination of German foreign official Ernst vom Rath, who had been shot two days earlier by Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year old Polish Jew distraught over the deportation of his family from Germany.

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Munich Conference and the policy of Appeasement (1938)

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Munich Conference and the policy of Appeasement (1938)

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Neville Chamberlain, Adolph Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Hermann Goering stand together at the Munich Conference in 1938. Apologists of appeasement have argued that public opinion, whether on the British or the French side, was unprepared for war in 1938.

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Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression pact (1939)

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Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression pact (1939)

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In the night of 23-24 August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact., known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. The countries agreed that they would not attack each other and secretly divided the countries that lay between them. Germany claimed Western Poland and part of Lithuania.

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The invasion of Poland was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union; which marked the beginning of World War II.

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France and Great Britain declare war on Germany (1939)

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France and Great Britain declare war on Germany (1939)

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On September 3, 1939, in response to Hitler's invasion of Poland, Britain and France, both allies of the overrun nation declare war on Germany.

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Germany invades Denmark and Norway (1940)

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Germany invades Denmark and Norway (1940)

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Under the code name 'Operation Weserübung', Nazi Germany attacked Denmark and Norway on 9 April 1940.

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Germany invades Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg (1940)

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Germany invades Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg (1940)

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German troops overran Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France in six weeks starting in May 1940. France signed an armistice in late June 1940, leaving Great Britain as the only country fighting Nazi Germany. Germany and collaborating authorities soon initiated anti-Jewish policies and laws in occupied western Europe.

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France falls with the evacuation at Dunkirk and France surrenders (1940)

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France falls with the evacuation at Dunkirk and France surrenders (1940)

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The Germans marched into Paris on 14 June and France surrendered eight days later. The more than 100,000 French troops evacuated from Dunkirk were quickly and efficiently shuttled to camps in various parts of south-western England, where they were temporarily lodged before being repatriated.

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Battle of Britain, during World War II, the successful defense of Great Britain against unremitting and destructive air raids conducted by the German air force (Luftwaffe) from July through September 1940, after the fall of France.

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Hilter imposes his policy called the “Final Solution” 

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Hilter imposes his policy called the “Final Solution” 

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The term “Final Solution of the Jewish Question” was a euphemism View This Term in the Glossary used by Nazi Germany’s leaders. It referred to the mass murder of Europe’s Jews. It brought an end to policies aimed at encouraging or forcing Jews to leave the German Reich and other parts of Europe. Those policies were replaced by systematic annihilation.

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US Congress passes the Lend-Lease plan (1941)

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US Congress passes the Lend-Lease plan (1941)

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Passed on March 11, 1941, this act set up a system that would allow the United States to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed "vital to the defense of the United States."

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President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill met and sign the Atlantic Charter (1941)

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President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill met and sign the Atlantic Charter (1941)

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The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration released by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on August 14, 1941 following a meeting of the two heads of government in Newfoundland. The Atlantic Charter provided a broad statement of U.S. and British war aims.

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Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, US declares War on Japan and Germany (1941)

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Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, US declares War on Japan and Germany (1941)

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On December 7, 1941, following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, the United States declared war on Japan. Three days later, after Germany and Italy declared war on it, the United States became fully engaged in the Second World War.