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A way of doing something or dealing with a situation, especially in teaching or problem-solving.

Example

The teacher uses a communicative approach to help students speak English.

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A planned and organized way of doing something, especially to achieve a specific goal.

Example

The teacher uses the direct method to teach vocabulary through speaking.

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Is a procedure or strategy that a teacher uses to help students learn. It focuses on how to teach a particular lesson effectively by applying particular skills or methods.

Example: The teacher used a role-play technique to help students practice speaking English in real-life situations.

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A general and planned approach to teach or learn, which can include various techniques and resources, and is selected according to the students’ needs and educational objectives.

Example:

In teaching English: using role-plays to teach everyday dialogues is a strategy, because it organizes activities so that students practice real and meaningful communication.

Within that strategy, techniques such as asking questions, repeating phrases, or dramatizing specific situations can be used.

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Syllabus: a structured plan of the content and skills to be covered in a subject or course, often including learning objectives, resources, schedule, and evaluation criteria.

Example:

In an English course, a syllabus might include:

Topics: Greetings, family, hobbies

Objectives: Students will be able to introduce themselves and talk about their family

Activities: Role-plays, group discussions, reading exercises

Assessment: Oral presentations, written quizzes, participation

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A detailed outline a teacher prepares for a single class, including objectives, activities, materials, and timing.Example: A 45-minute lesson plan on “Simple Past Tense.”

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Curriculum:

It is the organized set of learning experiences, content, skills, attitudes, and values that an educational institution plans and offers so that students achieve specific learning objectives. It is not limited to academic content only but also includes the methods, strategies, resources, and assessments that guide the teaching-learning process.

Practical example:

In an English class, the curriculum includes the topics to be taught (vocabulary, grammar, communication skills), the activities students will do (reading, speaking, games), and how their progress will be assessed (tests, projects, participation).

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A specific and measurable statement of what students are expected to learn or do.

Example: “Students will be able to describe daily routines using present simple tense.”

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The final result or evidence of what students have learned after a lesson or unit.

Example: Students can successfully write a paragraph about their routine.

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The process of collecting information about students’ learning through tests, observations, or assignments.

Example: A quiz, a portfolio, or oral presentations.

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Information given to students about their performance to help them improve.

Example: “Good pronunciation, but work on your sentence stress.”

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The judgment or interpretation of assessment results to improve teaching and learning.

Example: Using test scores to identify areas that need review.

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The internal or external drive that encourages students to learn.

Example: Using real-life topics can increase motivation.

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14. Task-Based Learning (TBL): A method where students learn through completing meaningful tasks that use language in real situations.
Example: Planning a trip or creating a class survey.

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15. Project-Based Learning (PBL): An approach where students work on long-term projects that integrate multiple skills and topics.
Example: Creating a class magazine in English.

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17. Scaffolding:
Support given by the teacher to help students reach higher levels of understanding, which is gradually removed as they become more independent.
Example: Providing sentence starters before a writing activity.

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16. Collaborative Learning:
Learning that happens when students work together, share ideas, and help each other.
Example: Group discussions or problem-solving activities.

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18. Learner-Centered Approach:
An approach where students’ needs, interests, and participation are the focus of the lesson.
Example: Students choose topics for discussion.

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19. Teacher-Centered Approach:
A traditional approach where the teacher directs the learning and students mainly listen or take notes.
Example: The teacher explains grammar rules and students practice later.

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20. Classroom Management:
The techniques and skills used by a teacher to maintain order, motivation, and a positive learning environment.
Example: Setting clear rules and using group signals.

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A style of learning where students are actively involved through discussion, problem-solving, or hands-on activities.

Example: Students debate a topic instead of only reading about it.

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A framework that classifies learning objectives from lower to higher levels: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.

Example: Writing an essay (creating) is a higher-order skill than recalling facts (remembering).

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Ongoing assessment during learning to monitor progress and guide improvement.

Key Features

Happens continuously throughout a lesson or unit.

Focuses on feedback and growth, not final scores.

Helps teachers adjust instruction and students self-correct.

Encourages active participation and reflection.

Example: Checking understanding through exit tickets or mini-quizzes.

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Assessment at the end of a unit or term to measure overall achievement.

Key Features

Occurs after instruction (at the “sum” of learning).

Measures learning outcomes and performance levels.

Usually graded and contributes to final marks or certification.

Helps teachers evaluate the effectiveness of teaching and curriculum.

Example: A final exam or end-of-term project.

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A person actively engaged in acquiring knowledge, skills, or attitudes.

A learner is a curious explorer who seeks understanding, asks questions, and turns every experience into an opportunity to grow.

Example: A student who practices English conversation daily.

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The facilitator or guide who plans, instructs, supports, and evaluates learners’ progress.

A teacher is not just someone who imparts knowledge, but a guide, motivator, and architect of curiosity — someone who inspires students to explore, think, and believe in their own potential to learn and grow.

Example: A teacher encourages curiosity and provides learning tools.