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Promoted the idea that all children, including girls, should learn to read. Believed education should be for everyone, not just the wealthy.

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Wrote Orbis Pictus, the first children’s picture book. Believed that children learn best through their senses and experiences.

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Introduced the concept of Tabula Rasa (blank slate). Believed that children are shaped by experience and environment.

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Founded the first kindergarten in Germany. Encouraged hands-on play and creativity.

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Opened the first Montessori school in Italy. Emphasized independence, freedom within limits, and self-directed learning.

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Studied how children think and learn, and created stages of cognitive development.

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Focused on the social side of learning, children learn best through interaction. Created the idea of the “Zone of Proximal Development.”

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Believed in “learning by doing.” Encouraged classrooms that connect lessons to real-life experiences.

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Created the stages of psychosocial development, explaining how trust and autonomy are built in the early years.

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Studied behavior and reinforcement, shaping how teachers use positive feedback in classrooms.

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As more parents worked in factories, communities needed care and education programs for young children.

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Women entered the workforce, increasing demand for early childcare and preschool programs.

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Showed long-term benefits of early education, higher graduation rates, and better jobs later in life.

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Universal Pre-K and NAEYC (2000s–Present)

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Universal Pre-K and NAEYC (2000s–Present)

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Modern efforts are being made to make quality preschool accessible to all children and set national standards for educators.

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Universal Pre-K and NAEYC (2000s–Present)

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Provided education, health, and nutrition services for low-income children and families.

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Helped states expand access to high-quality preschool programs.

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Race to the Top – Early Learning Challenge (2009)

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Race to the Top – Early Learning Challenge (2009)

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Encouraged states to improve early learning systems and accountability.

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Race to the Top Early Learning Challenge 

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CCDBG (Child Care and Development Block Grant)

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CCDBG (Child Care and Development Block Grant)

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Gave federal funds to states to help families afford childcare.

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CCDBG (Child Care and Development Block Grant)

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Supported childcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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NAEYC.org – History of Early Childhood Education

Montessori NW – Biography of Maria Montessori

Simply Psychology – Erikson & Piaget summaries

U.S. Department of Education – Head Start and Preschool Development Grants