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Sir Isaac Newton was born in 1642 and died 1727. He was theory was that there was a force, and that gravity attracted to all objects. He discovered this theory by sleeping underneath a apple tree, and a apple dropped on his head.

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Nicolaus Copernicus is responsible for developing the Heliocentric Theory(which used to be called the Geocentric Theory.) Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the Sun was in the center of the universe and the planets and Earth revolved around the Sun. The Catholic Church didn't like this theory, so they gave him a warning. After that, He thought if he waited to die, he would have his relatives publish his theory, and so they did after he died they published his theory. The Catholic Church couldn't do anything about it because he was already dead.

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Johannes Kepler was in 1571 and died 1630. His theory was that planets travel in stretched-out circles called ellipses. He did get in trouble for this theory, but not as in trouble as Galileo. He still faced some problems with the Catholic Church.

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Francis Bacon is responsible for making the Scientific Method. This method was used to help prove hypothesis with Scientific experiments. The method was create a hypothesis, experiment, take data, and repeat.

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William Harvey was born in 1578 and died 1657. He published a study that showed how blood circulated. He did not get punished for this because he was English and was part of Anglican.

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Galileo Galilei supported Copernicus's theory that the earth was a planet orbiting the sun. He used a telescope to support his theory. He wrote his findings in the book, "Starry Messenger." After he published his book, He was accused of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church. At his trial, he was given a "Get out of jail" free card. All he had to do was confess that Copernicus theory was false and wrong. After he confessed, he was placed under house arrest and died in his house.