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The U.S. decided to buy Louisiana Territory from France, doubling the nation’s size and opening a ton of land for westward expansion. It gave the U.S. sought after control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans, crucial for trade. This purchase also raised questions about constitutional interpretation since Jefferson wasn’t sure a president had the power to buy land. Overall this was an extremely formative purchase that contributed to the possibility of many successes down the line.

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Commissioned by Jefferson, Lewis and Clark both mapped and explored the vast new Louisiana Territory. They documented hundreds of new things, from new plants and animals to Native tribes, strengthening American knowledge of the West. Their journey inspired settlers to move west and helped shape the idea of “Manifest Destiny.”

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Jefferson decided to ban U.S. trade with foreign nations in response to British and French interference at sea. Sadly, instead of protecting American ships, it badly damaged the U.S. economy, especially in New England. The embargo highlighted the challenges of neutrality and set the stage for the War of 1812.

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The war of 1812 was fought against Britain over trade restrictions and impressment of American sailors. Though there really was no clear winner, it gave Americans a sense of national pride and secured U.S. independence once and for all. The war produced heroes like Andrew Jackson and inspired “The Star-Spangled Banner"!

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President Monroe declared that Europe should no longer interfere in the Western Hemisphere. It asserted the U.S. as a growing power in the Americas and influenced foreign policy for generations. This policy showed America’s shift from a young nation to a protector of the hemisphere. Which provided a much needed boost in american moral!

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The new Erie Canal was the much needed link from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. This drastically lowered transportation costs. It boosted trade instantly and made New York City the nation’s economic center. The canal symbolized America’s growing focus on infrastructure and innovation.

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Signed by Andrew Jackson, the Indian Removal Act forced Native Americans off their ancestral lands. No if's, and's, or but's. The Cherokee and other tribes were marched west, suffering thousands of deaths along the way. It represents both expansionist ambition and the deep injustice toward Native peoples.

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The invention of the telegraph revolutionized communication by allowing messages to travel instantly over long distances! It strengthened the economy and politics by connecting regions more quickly. This invention symbolized the technological progress of the era and foreshadowed America’s industrial growth.