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It is not a natural process.

Students need to be taught what to do to become fluent readers.

Language is a natural process.

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where in the brain does reading take place?

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where in the brain does reading take place?

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many parts of the brain are active. There is a part for language, word processes, word storage, background knowledge, etc.

These must work together.

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what do you know about the reading process?

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what do you know about the reading process?

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the structured and systematic process of teaching need to take place in order for connections in the brain to be made.

literacy is also listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

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Word recognition x language comprehension = reading comprehension.

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the ultimate goal is reading comprehension

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the ultimate goal is reading comprehension

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Foundational writing skills x composition = skilled written expression.

letter formation, handwriting, correct spelling, and punctuation.

syntax, common sense, etc.

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sight = know by sight

high frequency = do not follow normal spelling patterns and have to figure out how to read

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Pre-alphabetic phase - could see the arches for McDonalds and know what they mean

Partial - learning letters that represent sounds and the shape of letters

Full- decoding harder words and unfamiliar words

Consolidated Alphabetic phase- learn more about words, syllables, etc.

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connect

support

value

student-driven

responsible

differentiation

respectful

no favoritism

humility

flexible

planner

organized

willing to adapt

empathy

growth mindset

communication

modeling

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Created by Dr. Hollis Scarborough

Contains 2 strands

Language Comprehension and Word Recognition

Language = background knowledge, vocabulary, language structures, verbal reasoning, and literacy knowledge.

Word Recognition = phonological awareness, decoding syllables and sounding out, and sight recognition.

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Stimulating Environment

vs. over-stimulating environment

books, charts, words, and poems, especially relating to what you're teaching at the time.

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Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky, 1978)

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Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky, 1978)

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Society helps change you and develop you. Different developmental stages for children. How students will do tasks. Learning in social exchanges with others, ex; Modeling.

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word walls, bookshelves, book boxes, poems, charts, student work, jokes, quotes, comic books, newspaper articles, magazines, labels, etc. Label EVERYTHING for littles. It helps them learn and they can use the labels to understand meaning.

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Flexible Seating - teach them how to use it properly. Littles often need their personal space. Provide choices. Make sure it's a safe and friendly environment. Help teach respect to improve the environment. Snacks, needs, books, calm corner...

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To get to know your students. Their interests, family life, etc. help build a bond. You should always do one too.

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plan and teach mini lesson over language/sounds

KBOR science of reading lesson plan

syllables

alliteration

rhyming

picture sound match

sound box

sound games

what's in the bag

i-spy

start for preschool/kinder

only fill out the green highlight

ABCD order - objectives

Antecedent

Behavior

Demographics

Objective: Given puzzle pieces, the student will match rhyming pieces with 95% accuracy. or Given rhyming puzzle pieces, the students will match 6/7 rhyming cards.

Standards - KSDE form

Under assessments, write the directions and instructions. PROCEDURE.

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Emergent Literacy - the very beginning and bare minimum. Reading and writing behaviors that precede and develop into conventional literacy.

Children need to know that the story means something to them. When you teach how to read, you teach how to write. Print means something. Start teaching right away.

This should start at home as they hear you reading, singing, talking, etc. But we can't control what happens at home.

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It's Raining, It's Pouring - Kin Eagle

Itsy Bitsy Spider - Iza T

I'm a Little Teapot

Twinkle Twinkle Little Star

Hey Diddle Diddle

Rhyming + familiar books.

Activities with each book.

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Children need to acquire 2 insights about language: Alphabetic Principle and Phonemic Awareness

Language is a key component of reading comprehension.

Must understand language to comprehend.

Children often comprehend long before they can read.

Children can comprehend far before they can read.

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Phonological Processing System - Hearing, sounds, language, reading aloud. In the prefrontal lobe.

Meaning Processing System - processes the language and sounds heard and gives it meaning. In the middle of the brain.

Context Processing System - involves background knowledge and language structure.

Orthographic Processing System - print. back of the brain.

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Having awareness of sound properties in words. Having the ability to hear and manipulate sounds in words. Rhyming words. Syllables- parts of words.

ACTIVITIES

Word Awareness - push up a cube for every word I say; clap for every word I say.

Alliteration

Syllable Awareness

Rhyming

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The insight that spoken words are made up of a sequence of somewhat separable sounds called phonemes.

Every word has sounds and letters.

spoken words (phonemes)

written words (graphemes)

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Listening to those individual sounds in words.

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Children begin to read and write before they understand language.

They might be able to write their names, but not know what the letters are in their name.

Their drawings tell a story.

When the child begins to write, do not discourage them by correcting their writing.

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teaching print along with teaching letters of the alphabet. Teach the sound with the letter. Also don't necessarily teach the alphabet in order.

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Pre-alphabetic -> drawings

Early Alphabetic -> ct, lt, br

Later Alphabetic -> cat, letr, brthr

Consolidated Alphabetic -> cat, letter, brother

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1. Unknown- unfamiliar words
2. Acquainted- basic meaning only after student gives it some attention (typical vocabulary words)
3. Established- words know easily and automatically
Words that are not known will affect comprehension.

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• Children and an adult discuss unknown words that come up in their reading.
• Designed for Primary grades but effective in upper grades as well.
• Exposes children to words that they wouldn’t normally be exposed to.

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1. Learning Basic Vocabulary- Building basic vocabulary words. Learn to Read most frequently used words in
English language. (sight words)
2. Learning to Read unknown words- learning to read words that are already in their oral vocabulary (sight words
and high frequency words)
3. Learning New words that represent known concepts- these words are not in oral or reading vocabularies-
but they have an available concept of the word (ELL learners)
4. Learning New words that Represent New concepts- MOST DIFFICULT
• Total unfamiliar words. Also different dialect of words

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Tier One Words- Basic Words. Don’t necessarily need to be taught. (dog, cat, house)
• Tier Three Words- low frequency words. Usually found in specific domains of literature. Usually
taught in content areas (science, social studies, math)
• Tier Two Words- High frequency words for mature language uses. These are the words to focus
on. (ferocious, magnitude, etc.)

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knowing grade level
-knowing readability level
-interest of student
-Does it push students to think?

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1. Readability Formulas (Lexile scores)
2. Criteria such as depth of ideas, text organization, language charcteristics.
3. Reader-task analysis
4. Leveling Apps or information taken from book authors

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The purpose of narrative text is to entertain the reader or present a story. For
example, a fairy tale is a narrative text structure. Narrative text structures
should be easy to remember because the structure follows a story with a beginning,
a middle, and an end.

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COMPREHENSION IS AN EVOLVING PROCESS.

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Sets a Purpose for Reading- enjoyment, to gain information (will depend on the
reader)

Asks and answer questions-the reader poses questions before and during
reading. This makes reading an active process.

Making inferences-readers can infer meanings by using information in text and using
background knowledge to help understand what they are reading. (connect ideas
together)
Determining what is important-readers have to figure out what is important in what
they read, especially with digital text
Summarizing-realize what is important about text and state it in their own words
Dealing with Graphic Information-readers need to understand how to use this
information and what it is for
Locating Information-learning where to find information in book (table of contents,
glossary, internet)
Critically Evaluating Information-reader must assess the credibility of information
(print and digital)

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• Locate Scope and Sequence
• Locate Vocabulary Section. How is vocabulary taught?
• Locate Comprehension Section. How is comprehension taught?
• What 3 teaching levels does the program cover?
• Does the Program support ELL learners?
• What other components does the program offer?

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A thematic approach is when texts, discussions, goals and writing are all integrated
around a theme.
• Units of instruction. One topic is carried throughout the curriculum.
• Instructional sequence follows demands of text, not a scope and sequence.

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Literature Circles- groups of student who come together to discuss a text they
have all chosen to read.
Students read the book silently. Then each student takes a specific role as they
come together to discuss the book.
Student-led discussion

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2. Domain knowledge (fluency, vocabulary, comprehension)

3. Text-structure knowledge (knowledge about the text)

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Students should be given a positive and encouraging writing environment.
 EVERYONE is a writer in the classroom. This needs to modeled by the
teacher and students need to be many opportunities to write.
 Give children the opportunity to write freely without criticizing their writing.
Let them feel comfortable and successful before you begin slowly
critiquing and fixing errors in their writing.
 Students should be given many resources to write with.
 Markers, different types of paper, stapled books, gel pens, staplers,
stamps, pencils, etc.

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1. Prewriting- brainstorming about writing
 2. Drafting- writing a rough draft
 3. Revising- changing around words, phrases, ideas then rewriting
 4. Editing- focusing on grammar, punctuation, spelling.
 5. Publishing-making into a book
 Not all writing will go through these stages. It depends on what the writing piece is used for, and who is
writing it. Students also may move through
stages in various orders.

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 Fiction
 Biographies and Autobiographies
 Reports
 Letters
 Poems
 This type of writing needs to be directly modeled for students.
 All need to have graphic organizers to help students organize and write down
information

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Writing Centers need to be available at all times!

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Writing Centers need to be available at all times!

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The alphabet, letters, and phonograms test

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Reading Worksheets, Spelling, Grammar, Comprehension, Lesson Plans

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There are hundreds of great online educational resources for parents and teachers. We've included several leadings websites below that cover reading, literacy, learning disabilities, and books as well as a fantastic math resource.

The American Library Association is the oldest and largest library association in the world, with more than 65,000 members. Its mission is to promote the highest quality library and information services and public access to information. The ALA awards the annual Caldecott Medal, Newbery Medal, and various other children's book awards.

Colorincolorado.org is one of the leading websites for teachers and parents of English Language Learners. The site provides helpful articles, learning guides, research and other resources designed to equip those helping to teach the english language.

ReadingVine.com provides free printable reading passages and questions for teachers and parents to use to develop a student's literacy, fluency, and reading comprehension. The site offers ways to save personalized learning sets based on grade, genre, skills, etc.

Math-Aids.Com is a free resource for teacher, parents and students. The math worksheets are randomly and dynamically generated by our math worksheet generators. This allow you to make an unlimited number of free printable math worksheets to your specifications instantly. We have topics ranging from Kindergarten through 12th grade.

DadsWorksheets.com provides thousands of high resolution, printable math worksheets in PDF format. Just click and print! No registration, signup or other hassles! In addition, Dad has created several interactive calculators, games and more to help students of all grade levels learn math.

Readwritethink.org was established in 2002 as a partnership between the International Reading Association (IRA), the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), and the Verizon Foundation. The site provides educators and students with access to hundreds of free language arts and reading resources and lesson plans, breaking resources down by the appropriate age group.

k12mathworksheets.com offers printable math worksheets for students in the classroom or at home!

International Dyslexia Association numbers more than 11,000 members and is actively involved in research and advocacy efforts as well as serving as a resource for parents and educators. The official website includes information, research, and resources about Dyslexia and information about upcoming events, advocacy, and current happenings in Dyslexia.

Learning Disabilities Online is one of the leading web site on learning disabilities and ADHD, and serves more than 200,000 parents, teachers, and other professionals each month.

Reading is Fundamental (RIF) Founded in 1966, RIF is the oldest and largest children's and family nonprofit literacy organization in the United States. Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. prepares and motivates children to read by delivering free books and literacy resources to those children and families who need them most. RIF's highest priority is reaching underserved children from birth to age 8. Through community volunteers in every state and U.S. territory, RIF provides 4.5 million children with 16 million new, free books and literacy resources each year.

Readingrockets.org provides articles, blogs, products and other resources for parents and teachers.The Reading Rockets project is comprised of PBS television programs, available on videotape and DVD; online services, including the web sites ReadingRockets.org and ColorinColorado.org; and professional development opportunities. Reading Rockets is an educational initiative of WETA, the flagship public television and radio station in the nation's capital, and is funded by a major grant from the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs.
Other Great Sites National Center For Family Literacy Library of Congress' Literacy Channel Songs For Teaching

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Reading and Other Educational Resources - Reading Worksheets, Spelling, Grammar, Comprehension, Lesson Plans

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There are hundreds of great online educational resources for parents and teachers. We've included several leadings websites below that cover reading, literacy, learning disabilities, and books as well as a fantastic math resource. The American Library Association is the oldest and largest library association in the world, with more than 65,000 members.

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Instantly access over 40,000 of the best books & videos for kids on Epic

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Science of Reading-Based Literacy Products | Lexia

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View our full list of product offerings that incorporate accelerated literacy, professional development, and customer success partnerships.

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View digital books online or download as eBooks or audiobooks. All genres for learning and pleasure. Narrated picture books, graphic novels and manga for all ages | State Library of Kansas

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How Lexile to Grade Level Conversions Work

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Understanding Lexile to Grade Level Equivalence. LightSail’s literacy platform enhances the power of the Lexile system by ensuring students read books at their just-right level, with added flexibility and accessibility

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Get Literacy Resources | International Literacy Association

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ILA’s robust body of resources supports literacy professionals and educators from every corner of the world, at every stage of their career.

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FastBridge Learning | Research to Results