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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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The center of the image is dominated by the sturdy structure of the printing press, made of wood, with a visible mechanism that includes a crank and a central screw. The use of the pressure mechanism was key to early printing techniques, as it allowed ink to be applied to the movable type that formed the words and then transferred to the sheet of paper by the pressure exerted by the press. The platform shows a sheet of paper already printed, next to the metal matrix containing the design of the text in relief, showing the close relationship between artisanal technique and intellectual production.

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Before the arrival of printing presses to the continent, texts had to be copied by hand, which limited their dissemination. The Patriotic Printing Press is, therefore, a representation of the advance towards the democratization of knowledge and access to information, a factor that accelerated the independence movements in Latin America.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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In the central part of the image we can see the cast iron structure of the press, with a robust and functional design that incorporates a crank on one of its sides. This crank mechanism is responsible for driving the press, allowing uniform pressure to be applied to the movable type plate. At the base of the press, the matrix with the types arranged in relief, ready to be inked and then pressed against the paper, can be distinguished. This printing technology worked through a manual process, in which the crank was turned to apply the necessary pressure.

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This device is a clear example of the typographic technology of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, designed to facilitate the printing process of documents, posters, newspapers and other printed materials that were crucial for the expansion of education, politics and communication in Colombia.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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The sheet format refers to a large sheet of paper used in the old printing presses, generally the size of what we know today as a poster or tabloid sheet. This sheet, once printed, was folded into several sections according to the format of the book or booklet to be produced. The arrangement of the pages in a sheet had to be precisely calculated so that, after folding and cutting, the pages would be in the correct order.

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The importance of the broadsheet format transcends its technical functionality: it is a symbol of the way in which thought was organized and knowledge was distributed at a time when the production of printed material was slow, but crucial to the expansion of education, culture and intellectual debate.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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The press shown in the image has two horizontal metal rollers, set in a sturdy frame. These rollers are rotated by a gear system that is driven by a crank at the top, allowing the sheet of paper to pass under the top roller and over the engraving die. The pressure exerted between the two rollers is what transfers the ink from the matrix to the paper, creating the print.
Used to print images, usually metal engravings, which required uniform and powerful pressure to obtain sharp prints.

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The process of engraving and the use of the press require skill and precision, both in the creation of the matrix and in the exact pressure that must be exerted for the image to be transferred properly.

The torculo not only allowed artists to reproduce their works, but also made possible the creation of limited editions, where each copy printed from the same matrix could be considered an original work of art, as it was worked on manually and individually.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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Is a machine used in the printing industry, specifically for the preparation of printing forms or plates. Its main function is to scratch or mark lines on the surfaces of metal plates, which are used in processes such as letterpress or lithographic printing. It also ensured that the plates had precise guides for the alignment and distribution of text or images. The lines marked on the plates helped printers to accurately arrange the movable type or areas to be printed. 

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This machine was a technological great progress in the time of the printing press, because allowed improved accuracy and efficiency in the preparation of printing plates.

Also, this facilitated the creation of guide lines to organize text and graphics, in order to obtain better printing results.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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This machine worked through a system of keys that allowed the operator to type the text that needed to be printed. Instead of selecting individual letters as in traditional methods, the machine used bronze dies, which were molded into complete lines of text at one time.

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This machine was an example of the tecnology evolution in this time.

Was the first machine that enabled mechanical typesetting, replacing the manual process of placing letter for letter on the press. It had a great impact, as it facilitated and accelerated the production of newspapers, books and other printed documents.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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This is an example of the movable type part, which was used in traditional printing. Its mode of use was by means of relief characters on the surface which were inked and then pressed on the paper to transfer the text. This type of printing was used in typographic printing presses.

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This object it facilitated the production of books; prior to its invention, texts were copied by hand or with carved printing blocks, a slow and perhaps costly process.

It facilitated the production of books; before its invention, texts were copied by hand or with carved printing blocks, a slow and perhaps costly process.

Even so, I consider that it was a lengthy process since it was necessary to have precision when transferring it to paper, but at the time it allowed to advance in the production of texts.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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This press works by means of a long screw which, when turned, lowers a movable platform or plate against a fixed surface. This system allows a uniform and constant pressure to be applied. In printing, this pressure was essential to transfer ink from the plate or movable type to the paper. The iron structure ensured high durability and strength, ideal for withstanding the high stresses necessary for a good printing.

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This press in the printing time was an innovative invention since it facilitated the work of those who were in charge of printing and also helped to improve the quality of the prints.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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The lithographic stone plates were used in the printing process known as lithography. This method consists of engraving or drawing on a stone using a greasy substance. The surface of the stone is then moistened with water, which is repelled by the greasy areas. The ink adheres only to the drawn areas, which allows the image to be transferred to paper using a press.

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This method of printing allowed greater accessibility to the production of high quality printed images, benefiting the art world and creating an artistic evolution in this time.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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Is designed with a bellows system that allows flexible adjustment of the focal length, giving it versatility in both vertical and horizontal reproduction. Its design allows the angle and distance of the material to be reproduced to be adjusted, resulting in greater accuracy in capturing images and text. At the top, it has an illumination system that, combined with the lens and bellows, allows focusing and capturing images on a large format photographic film or plate. These negatives were then used to produce plates that were mounted on printing presses.

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The Klimsch camera was indispensable at a time when mass production of images and text required accurate and fast reproduction. Without the intervention of digital technology, the operators of these cameras had to have a high technical skill to manually adjust angles, lighting and focus, which demonstrated the expertise required to work in the prepress field.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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This machine consisted of a keyboard where the operator selected the characters, which were then projected onto a sensitive film. The images of these characters were then developed and fixed on sheets of photosensitive paper, creating the final printing plates. One of the most revolutionary aspects of this machine was its ability to automatically adjust the size and spacing of the letters, providing much greater control over the aesthetics and legibility of the text.

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Is a testimony to the technological advancement in the field of typography and typesetting in the mid-20th century. This machine represents a turning point in the history of printing, as it marked the transition from manual typesetting to the first digital methods of typesetting and layout, replacing the old lead movable type with more agile and precise techniques.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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This a plasticine model that reflects the old printing press with its workers and all the models that existed in the printing press and how they were used.

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I consider that this model allows us to understand all the models that we can observe in the museum tour in a more detailed way, as it is accompanied by a representation of how people used to make use of the various machines that existed.

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Imprenta Nacional De Colombia, Carrera 66, Bogotá

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The experience was rewarding for us because we were able to know in depth the history of printing along with the different methods used at various times, making us understand more visually and clearly the whole process that had to pass the printing through the most important hits of the country, being very present throughout history, where the dissemination of information was much more tedious and slow, where every little detail depended on human error, which has evolved until today that it is possible that just by pressing a button, all these processes are performed perfectly.

It is impressive to see how all this evolution has been and that it is possible to go to this museum to relive those moments, witnessing firsthand the machinery and inventions that were used at the time, being all this guided by an expert in the history of printing, which greatly enriches the experience.