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Elementary and Secondary Education Act ESEA

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Elementary and Secondary Education Act ESEA

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In 1965, this landmark legislation authorized the federal government to make educational opportunities equal for all children by providing money for the children who lived in poverty and were at the most disadvantage. It helped with providing supplies for children with disabilities. It also helped with transportation, physical therapy, and speech language pathology.

In 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act was passed into law. This was a reauthorization of ESEA. This act was primarily focused on students from kindergarten until high school. The laws were not focused on assistive technology, but had them involved. It was believed that assistive technology would provide access for students to be successful with learning in the general education classroom with their peers. This is a step in the direction of inclusion in classrooms.

In 2012, President Obama requested a reauthorization of the ESEA 2002. In 2015, they changed the name of this act to Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). The ESSA requires states to provide accommodations for students with disabilities like the ability to use assistive technology.

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

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This act was signed in 1973, and required that reasonable access be provided for all individuals with disabilities.

This affected public school and the general population by guaranteeing public access to all public buildings. This act extended the law from just school age children to adults in the workforce.

This is believed to have set the tone for the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Americans with Disabilities Act.

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Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (EHA)

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Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (EHA)

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This went into law in 1975 and was a landmark legislation. This ensured free appropriate public education (FAPE). During this time period, teachers were inventing their own devices to help their students in class. This will later be given the term assistive technology.

In 1986, this law is reauthorized to add infants, toddlers, and their families (IFSP). This gave the start of infants through preschool age children to start being able to receive services and use assistive technology. The technology was primarily light tech for them.

In 1990, EHA was reauthorized again and given a new name, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). In this reauthorization, the individual transition plan was added. Assistive technology was added to be a must for consideration for a transition plan. Assistive technology must be provided for a student who has an IEP that considered assistive technology necessary.

In 1997, the IDEA stressed positive behavioral intervention (PBIS). PBIS is used to address students behaviors that cause issues and how that behavior related to their learning in the classroom. It also talked about students ability to participate in state and district testing and be involved in the general education curriculum. All these changes to the law helped move along the use of assistive technology appropriately. The use of assistive technology became more widespread in schools and there was more of a need for teachers to know about it for their students in the classroom, thus upping a need of knowledge about it.

In 2004, IDEA added the official definition of assistive technology and changed it from the Tech Act’s definition. It was changed due to schools having students with cochlear implants and being held accountable for them and their learning. It was aligned with the No Child Left Behind and provided support for this act.

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Technology Related Assistance for Individual with Disabilities Act of 1988

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Technology Related Assistance for Individual with Disabilities Act of 1988

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This act provided funding for states to develop consumer information and training programs that were assigned to meet the needs of individuals with disabilities with assistive technology. It defined two areas of assistive technology: services and devices. This act outlined assistive technology services for individuals.

In 1994, this act was amended to revise and extend the programs. There was no name change.

In 1998, the Tech Act was ended and replaced with Assistive technology Act of 1998.This was for supporting programs and grants to states that needed help with addressing the technology needs of individuals with disabilities.

In 2004, the assistive technology act was given a new direction. It was for funding aid to individuals with disabilities. This act redirected the purpose of the Tech Act. This redirection and reauthorization changed the focus of the law. It became delivering assistive technology to the individuals with disabilities instead of trying to come up with a delivery service.

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This act prohibited discrimination in the workplace and in transportation for individuals with disabilities. This gave them access to public accommodations and telecommunications.

In 2008, the Americans with Disabilities Act required telephone companies to relay services for individuals who are deaf and those with speech impairments.

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The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990

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This act provided benefits for all citizens. It related to the information super highway, like the radio, that took the United States into the 21st century. This allowed individuals with disabilities to be able to have the same information with the general population. This act made its way into libraries as well to be able to open doors to information.

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Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act of 1984

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Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act of 1984

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This act requires polling places across the United States to be physically accessible to people with disabilities for federal election. If there is not a way to make it accessible, the political subdivision must provide another way for the individual to be able to cast their vote on the day of the election. The law also requires that states are to make available registration and voting aids for disabled and elderly voters, which include telecommunication devices.

Effective as of 2015, a polling official may allow a vote who is physically disabled or over the age of 70 to move to the front of the line to vote.

The introduction of curbside voting has been a popular way for individuals with disabilities and elderly people to vote. This was done as a way to reduce contact with people during the COVID 19 outbreak, but was found that it is an easy assist for these individuals as they do not have to get out of their car and try and wait in a long line. They can call a number and have a ballot brought out to them, vote, turn it in, and keep going with their day.

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Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1984 and 1998

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Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1984 and 1998

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This act was first authorized in 1984 and reauthorized in 1998.

The purpose for this act was to help provide individuals with the academic and technical skills they need for success for the type of world they would be in after school. The funds from this act were allocated to both secondary and post secondary schools. This helped individuals with disabilities with getting into the work force. They are able to work with technology that helps them be able to provide for themselves in the workforce.

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Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act 

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Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act 

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In 2014, this act was signed in by President Obama. This provides many more jobs and education-related programs, including people with physical, intellectual, and development disabilities.

The assistive Technology Act programs that belong to WIOA help improve states abilities to improve access of assistive technology to individuals with disabilities.

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Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act

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National Assistive Technology Awareness Day

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National Assistive Technology Awareness Day

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Starting in 2023, the discussion to have a day of awareness for something that gives individuals with disabilities the ability to lead productive and independent lives began. In 2024, they passed it in the senate.