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Freud, 1921 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sigmund-Freud

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Freud and his impact on modern psychology

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Freud and his impact on modern psychology

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Freud was a neurosurgeon in the early to mid 1900s. Freud was one of the first to question the dominant theory of the time (behaviorism) and started considering what was happening in the mind. While most of Freud's major theories have been altered or debunked entirely, his work founded a branch of psychology currently known as the psychodynamic approach.

Comer, Ronald, and Jonathan Comer. Abnormal Psychology. 11th ed., Macmillan Learning, 2021.

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According to the article above, Freud was one of the first to talk about the unconscious processes in the mind. This contribution is solidified in his legacy as the father of modern psychology, and the founder of one of the leading psychological approaches, psychodynamic theory. Psychodynamic theory is based off of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which highlighted the unconscious thoughts and feelings of the individual. This was in stark contrast to the behaviorism of the time period, which was based only on observable behavior

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Sigmund Freud: Theory & Contribution to Psychology

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Sigmund Freud (1856 to 1939) was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and a theory explaining human behavior.

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Freud's contributions left us with a different approach on psychology, as well as new potential treatment options. However, he also left us with a LOT of pseudoscience and bias to sift through. Researching exactly how wrong he was in a lot of his theories makes me wonder if he was a net positive or negative. Obviously his contributions were important, but if he didn't make them, someone else would have eventually, and would they have made the same mistakes?

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Elvis and rock and roll saw a massive explosion pretty much as soon as it was created in post WWII America. Rock and roll reflected an enjoyment with life and a hope that hadn't been seen in the general public since the roaring 20s decades ago. The reason for this hope and enjoyment was due to the economic climate post WWII. After the roaring 20s, the Great Depression made it so that the working family didn't have much money or purchasing power, and what little they did have was spent on survival. With the advent of WWII, enough jobs were created and maintained that basically solved this issue, but wartime rations and material shortages meant that people couldn't buy the things that they now had money for. In the 50s however, both of these problems were solved, and the common man had enough excess income to finally purchase luxuries, which led to the attitudes reflected in Elvis and rock and roll.

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During the 1970s, America was in the heart of the cold war, and was under constant pressure of nuclear destruction. This led many Americans to use music as an escape, reflected in the music of the time, such as happy disco hits, as well as the more bleak and existential psychedelic rock bands such as Pink Floyd.

https://mdlbeast.com/xp-feed/music-industry/70s-music-a-journey-back-in-time

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The 70s was also a time of dramatic social reform, in which people were dealing with the fallout from the abolition of segregation, and all the old biases and prejudices that came with it. Many artists like Stevie Wonder used the confusion and change they saw in the world, as well as the problems still existing, as creative fuel to run the charts in the 70s

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In the 80s, we started to see the beginnings of what would become modern day pop, with songs like "take on me", "I wanna dance with somebody", and "Material girl". This tracks with the 80s having a massive explosion of pop culture with the emergence of MTv and many now-classic films.

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The 90s saw much turmoil and change. Some good, like the end of the cold war, and the rise of the internet, and some bad, like the Columbine shooting, as well as multiple political assassinations and bombings. The music of this decade is quite diverse, from angry grunge records to sweet pop songs to the explosion of the rap genre.

https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/50-best-songs-of-the-nineties-252530/notorious-b-i-g-with-mase-and-puff-daddy-mo-money-%e2%80%a8mo-problems-1997-246895/

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I have recently found myself captured by the game Dead Cells, partly because of the art. I love the art style in dead cells because it sets the mood for the game, and really makes the player feel like they are in the world of the game. I also find myself very interested in the music of the game, and how the music works with the art style to provide a unique and (in my opinion) very fun experience.

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DEAD CELLS Gameplay Playthrough FULL GAME (PC 4K 60FPS)

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Beyond the immersion of this game, and the cohesion of the various styles of art in the game, the game design is also very innovative, combining key aspects of two well-loved genres, roguelikes and metroidvanias. In roguelikes, the player has to start from square one every time, and have to beat the game all the way through without dying. In metroidvanias, players slowly obtain permanent upgrades to win. Dead Cells combines permanent upgrades in the rune system (which unlock more of each map or "biome" to the player) while maintaining the roguelike genre of starting from the first biome with no supplies every time the player starts a new run. This seamless blend of genres required an immense amount of artistry to even think of, much less to pull off as well as Dead Cells did.

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Yes, I love this game. As I was thinking for this section about other types of art, I thought a bit about content creation for games. Is it art to do a playthrough of a game while entertaining an audience? it's certainly a skill, and the creator can (and most likely does if they're any good) express their creativity and personality, and if that doesn't count as an art, I don't know what does.

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Geometry dash is another great example. Since the 2.0 update, Geometry dash players have been creating levels with music and lightshows rivaling some EDM concerts, with the help of royalty free music creators such as TheFatRat. I wonder if it could be considered a form of art to create levels on a game such as geometry dash.

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If I forget that I'm playing Geometry Dash, the video ends - Tears of Denial Geometry Dash

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My girlfriend (who has hundreds of hours in this game) has bullied me into including this section.

Art is present in practically every aspect of game creation, especially game design. Skyrim draws form the art styles and themes of Scandinavian cultures such as the Vikings to create a unique and immersive experience. Skyrim also takes inspiration and material from Beowulf, including using a character's name, Hrothgar, as a name for a setting in-game.

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Portal is a puzzle game in which the character is given a portal launcher, and then has to use it to manipulate their environment and solve the puzzle. I think this game is art because it provides a unique spin on a common sci-fi item, and turns it into the basis for a puzzle game.

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Overwatch 2 is a 5v5 first person shooter game, and I think the main art here is in map creation. There are only 27 maps in this game, and there is a real challenge in making all of them fun and interesting to play, while also providing equal advantages and disadvantages to both teams. To do that on almost 30 unique maps, while providing a fresh experience each game, is an underappreciated creative feat.

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Fortnite is a third-person battle royale, where 100 people compete to win, or be part of the winning team, depending on the mode. However, it also has a custom game mode, which allows people to design any number of minigames, puzzles, mazes, or in-game parkour levels, my justification for custom gamer mode creation being considered as art is similar to the geometry dash section, but I also wanted to look at something else Fortnite does fairly well, which is making skins. Most games have skins, which you can either buy or unlock, but what's unique about a lot of Fortnite skins is that they're based off of real life, or other art styles, and then have to become stylized into the cartoony 3D low-graphic world of Fortnite. As much hate as some of the skins get, I think on the whole, Fortnite does a pretty good job of making the art style shift work.

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The 2000s had a lot going on. Musically, the 00s saw the mainstream transition from rock to the explosion of hip hop and pop. There was also much commentary on the political scene. A major cause of the antigovernmental music and messages was 9/11. After 9/11, people lost a lot of faith in the government and other people in general. This is certainly reflected in songs like "American Idiot", where Green Day makes fun of the average American "sheep". Also we see the emergence of pop, which sprouted from women empowerment, and the expression of stars such as Beyonce and Kelly Clarkson to get out of toxic and "stuck" relationships.

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The 2010s saw the coevolution of pop and hip hop, and even some conflation of the two genres. Big hits like Bruno Mars's "Uptown Funk", and Kendrick Lamar's "Humble", along with the emergence of club style pop songs like Pitbull's "give me everything" and Usher's "DJ got us falling in love", along with some foreign language hits in Psy's "Gangnam style", and Louis Fonsi's "Despacito". The dominance of these genres and styles reflects both a dissatisfaction with the current social and political climate, as well as an urge to live for today. This tracks with the word events of the decade, with the continuation of the war on terror, as well as the war in Afghanistan, along with the recovery of the economy from the 2008 crash.

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So far in the 2020s, we've experienced almost a continuation of 2010s music with the co development and crosssovers of rap and pop being the mainstream. We've seen stars like Lil Nas X, Sabrina Carpenter, and Billie Eilish. The themes of unhappiness with society continue, but with less hopeful "live for the moment" songs. This reflects the unhappiness in both of the recent presidential elections, as well as the rapid inflation, and failure of wages to keep up with rising grocery and rent prices.

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The connection between music, culture, and world events is unshakable. As we head into a very controversial presidency, it leaves me wondering where will society go from here? And how will we see that reflected in changes to the music scene in the coming years?

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YouTube fundamentally changed the way we communicate as a society, on both the global and community levels. For the firat time in history, we were able to upload videos of ourselves for the world to see. Up until youtube, being on the world stage was only a possibility for celebrities and a few politicians and reporters, but Youtube and social media changed that forever. Now literally any random person can have a great idea for a bit, sketch, feat of strength or skill, record it, hit 4 buttons, and share it with the world.

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The effects of youtube are many, but in general, we have used youtube like humans. What I mean by that is that some good natured individuals (I'd venture to say the majority of the platform) have used it as a base to spread positivity, creativity, or knowledge with their content. There is no shortage of tutorials, genuine reviews, and friends having fun on the site. Unfortunately, some people have also abused the power of connectivity granted to them by the internet to spread hate, radicalism, and violence to the predominately younger audience. Suffice it to say, youtube has allowed people to be human more effectively and loudly than ever.

“You Tube: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.” ACPC Psychology Clinic, www.acpcpsychology.com.au/blogDetail.php?You-Tube-The-Good-The-Bad-and-the-Ugly-48. Accessed 5 Dec. 2024.

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With the advent of Instagram, snapchat, twitter, and most recently tik tok, social media as a sector and communication network is growing faster than ever before. This new wave of video entertainment (tik tok, reels, etc.) seems much more potent than youtube does, but why? What is it about these new video formats that makes them so much... better? Is it the length of video? the ease to get to the next? the ease to share them?

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Something youtube allowed people to do on a scale not seen before was find community. Anyone can go to youtube.com's search bar, type in an interest or hobby, and INSTANTLY be connected to hundreds, thousands, hundreds of thousands, or even millions of people who share that same interest or hobby. What's more, you can talk to them in the comments section. This allowed for the near-instantaneous exchange of ideas across languages, countries, and even continents, just because two people decided the same video was worth their time.

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This video dives into the history of youtube, and exemplifies some of the best style of video, informative, but also engaging and funny.

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Dude Perfect is a group of friends who got their start by doing "trick shots" or difficult, fancy feats of precision (usually with some kind of sport). They are a group that I would say has used the platform well. I'm beating a dead horse at this point, but I'd absolutely say that content creation is a form of art. To hold someone's attention, and keep doing it video after video, year after year, is an accomplishment not many have completed, and if it's not art, I don't know what it is.

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Unpredictable Trick Shots | Dude Perfect

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With all. the new social media apps becoming more and more prevelant, each with their own algorithm intent on keeping you engaged for as long as possible, it would stand to reason that youtube viewership is declining. But it isn't! Youtube is actually still growing, and is only behind Facebook in social medias.

“23 Essential YouTube Statistics You Need to Know in 2024.” The Social Shepherd, thesocialshepherd.com/blog/youtube-statistics. Accessed 5 Dec. 2024.

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Personally, I enjoy youtube, and I think it was and is a net positive on society. Hate is spread in every medium, but to have a place online where you can find your people and bond with someone you've never met over a mutual niche interest is a beautiful thing that I'm glad is a possibility.

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I think postmodernism is absolutely present in youtube. Postmodernism challenges uniformity and embraces diversity and a variety of experiences and narratives, and I can't think of anywhere where those criteria are met better than youtube. Every single creator and almost every video on youtube expresses a different viewpoint or narrative, and it can be eye-opening to go through youtube and see what my fellow "regular" humans are up to.

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Movies fit in this project because the attitudes, joys, and fears of a time are present in its arts. Nowadays, I'd make the argument that mainstream art isn't traditional "art" but movies, TV shows, games, social media videos, etc. I support this stance, because in my experience, the average person today doesn't go to many art exhibits, but absolutely watches movies and TV shows. So by looking at these, we can determine the general feelings, attitudes, and stances of the culture.

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As I'll explain later, I think things like video games and their aspects give us a better view of culture today than standard "art". I don't know many people who go to art galleries in their spare time, but I know plent of people who play video games, and I think looking at where a society spends their free time is the best measure of the culture of that society. As we can see in the sheer variety in this genre, gaming culture is very diverse, with a niche for almost everyone to enjoy. Some games explore the chaos and darkness of a post-apocalyptic, or fantastic world, while others provide a futuristic sci-fi puzzle, and others are just cartoon chess matches with guns. The gaming period we live in is so diverse yet cohesive, which gives me hope for the rest of society.

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Humans love to laugh, and humans nowadays are no exception. Whether it's concerning that the humor involves brutal murder is a different issue.

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Good family movies always do very well at the box office, as seen by this film'd success. Obviously the reason is the larger audience, as a good kids movie appeals to kids and their parents, but I do take some heart knowing that the highest endorsed entertainment is family centered. This reflects well on our culture, as movies like this help model good behaviors, as well as show what mistakes can be made, along with their consequences.

Hipes, Patrick. “‘Deadpool & Wolverine’: Read the Screenplay for the Marvel Mash-up That Everyone Wanted.” Deadline, Deadline, 3 Dec. 2024, deadline.com/2024/12/deadpool-and-wolverine-script-read-the-screenplay-1236191959/.

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Something else I love about movies is the interaction between the movies and the community of watchers. This is a youtube channel I like that looks at popular movies through the lens of a therapist (and his filmmaker friend). I find these videos interesting because they catch things that I miss on the first few watches, and it helps to re-contexualize movies and get a different part of the message.

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I'd definitely say filmmaking has progressed dramatically over the last 50 years, which has led to the possibility for more advanced and nuanced storytelling. So in that way, yes movies are different; however the goal is still the same: to be entertained by something funny, beautiful, or scary, or some combination of those or other traits.

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Some films like The Wolf of Wall Street are scathing attacks on certain cultures and sectors, in this movie's case corporate America. The film follows the career of a power hungry salesman who eventually gains and loses fortune due to greed and corruption, ultimately serving as the warning sign against such behaviors.

“The Wolf of Wall Street.” IMDb, IMDb.com, www.imdb.com/title/tt0993846/plotsummary/. Accessed 5 Dec. 2024.

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Some movies offer escapes to other universes where things are better or different than they are here, like the Star Wars and Marvel franchises. I wonder if these rise and fall in popularity in the opposite direction as life satisfaction rates rise and fall in any particular country? or if ther is a genre of movie that's negatively correlated to happiness with life and the government?

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I think another big part of movies is the community that comes with certain franchises. For example, there is the Star Wars vs Star Trek fandom fight, there's Marvel and DC; and I wonder if part of the reason movies are so popular is to give the general public something in common with each other. I think I heard or read somewhere that that was part of the original purpose of the theater, of which movies are an extension. And of course, humans are wired for connection as I learned in my psych classes, things go bad with our brain if we are isolated or rejected, even if we're only perceived to be so. Maybe movies, youtube, and video games are all safeguards against those negative feelings?

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Freud embodied modernism perfectly. He questioned everything and rejected every teaching of his time. Whether he was right or wrong (usually wrong) his innovative ways of thinking allowed for more progression in the field of psychology.