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1884-1885 Berlin Conference divides Africa among European nations                                       (CHRISTOPHER MARTINES)          

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1884-1885 Berlin Conference divides Africa among European nations                                       (CHRISTOPHER MARTINES)          

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The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 was a crucial event in history that greatly impacted Africa. European nations gathered to discuss the division of Africa among themselves without involving any African leaders. The goal was to avoid conflicts between European powers as they scrambled for territory on the continent.

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1881 Alexander II is assassinated                                                                   (CHRISTOPHER MARTINES)

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1881 Alexander II is assassinated                                                                   (CHRISTOPHER MARTINES)

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On March 13, 1881, Alexander II of Russia was assassinated in St. Peters burg. He was targeted by a revolutionary group known as the People's Will,Alexander II is best known for his significant reforms, including the emancipation of the serfs in 1861, judicial reforms, and attempts at modernization.

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1871 Wilhelm I becomes Kaiser of Germany                                                       (CHRISTOPHER MARTINES)     

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1871 Wilhelm I becomes Kaiser of Germany                                                       (CHRISTOPHER MARTINES)     

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In 1871, William was granted the title of German Emperor. Even though he had considerable power as Kaiser, William largely left the affairs of the state to Bismarck.

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1870 Italy unites                                                     (CHRISTOPHER MARTINES)

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1870 Italy unites                                                     (CHRISTOPHER MARTINES)

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With the french help, the Piedmont defeated the Austrians in 1859 and united most of Italy by 1861. The annexation of Venetian in 1866 and papal Rome in 1870 marked the final unification of Italy

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In 1869, the Suez Canal was completed, creating a crucial waterway that connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. This canal allowed ships to travel between Europe and Asia much faster, bypassing the long journey around Africa. The project was led by French engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps and involved the labor of thousands of workers. The Suez Canal was important for trade, as it made transporting goods like spices and textiles more efficient. Its opening significantly impacted global commerce and helped boost the economies of several countries. However, it also increased competition for control over trade routes. The canal remains a vital shipping route today, showing how important this engineering achievement was for world history. Gavin W

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1863 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation frees enslaved people in Confederate states

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1863 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation frees enslaved people in Confederate states

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In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which was a major turning point in American history. This document declared that all enslaved people in the Confederate states were to be set free. While it didn't immediately free all enslaved individuals, it changed the purpose of the Civil War to include the fight against slavery. Lincoln hoped this would weaken the Confederacy by removing their labor force. The proclamation also encouraged many enslaved people to escape and join the Union Army. It marked a crucial step toward ending slavery in the United States and inspired future movements for civil rights. Overall, the Emancipation Proclamation helped to redefine freedom and equality in America. Gavin W

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1863 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation frees enslaved people in Confederate states

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In 1861, Tsar Alexander II of Russia implemented a significant reform by freeing the serfs, who were essentially bound to the land and their landlords. This change was part of his broader efforts to modernize Russia and improve its economy. The Emancipation Reform allowed millions of serfs to gain their freedom, but it came with conditions. While they could now own property and marry without permission, many found themselves in difficult situations due to high redemption payments for the land they received. Despite these challenges, the reform was a crucial step towards reducing feudalism in Russia. Alexander II’s decision was controversial and faced opposition from both landowners and reformers. Ultimately, while it did not resolve all social issues, it marked a significant shift in Russian society and set the stage for future reforms. Gavin W

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In 1848, many countries in Europe faced big changes called revolts. People were unhappy with their kings and wanted more freedom and better rights. In places like France, Germany, and Italy, citizens marched and protested for their demands. The revolts were fueled by ideas of democracy and equality. Although many of these movements started with hope, most of them were put down by the rulers. Even so, the revolts showed that people wanted change and inspired future movements for rights. Gavin W

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1837 Louis Daguerre perfects a method of photography 

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1837 Louis Daguerre perfects a method of photography 

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In 1837, Louis Daguerre developed a new way to take pictures. His method was called the daguerreotype. It allowed people to capture clear and detailed pictures using special chemicals on a metal plate. This invention was big for the future of photography. Thanks to Daguerre, people could now save images of the world around them. Ethan Doan.

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1837 Louis Daguerre perfects a method of photography

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1824 Spanish colonies in Latin America (called Gran Columbia) win freedom

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1824 Spanish colonies in Latin America (called Gran Columbia) win freedom

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In 1824, the Spanish colonies in Latin America called Gran Colombia, won their freedom from Spain. They fought many battles to be free. Simon Bolivar was their leader and helped them a lot. The Spanish army was finally defeated. Now, Gran Colombia is an independent country. Ethan Doan.

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1824 Spanish colonies in Latin America (called Gran Columbia) win freedom

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In 1816, Argentina declared its independence from Spain. Leaders from different regions met in the city of Tucuman to discuss their future. They were tired of Spanish control and wanted to be free. On July 9 they announced Argentina's independence. This was going to be the start of a new chapter for Argentina. Ethan Doan.

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1815 British government exiles Napoleon to a remote island in the Atlantic

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1815 British government exiles Napoleon to a remote island in the Atlantic

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In 1815, the British government decided to exile Napoleon Bonaparte to a remote island in the Atlantic called Saint Helena. This decision came after Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, where he lost his power in Europe. The island was far from any mainland, making it difficult for him to escape. While on Saint Helena, Napoleon lived under strict watch and had limited contact with the outside world. His exile marked the end of his attempts to control Europe and was a significant moment in history. Brnar Asaad

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1815 British government exiles Napoleon to a remote island in the Atlantic

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1810 Father Hidalgo calls for Mexican Independence

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1810 Father Hidalgo calls for Mexican Independence

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In 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo called for Mexican independence from Spanish rule. He delivered a famous speech known as the "Grito de Dolores," urging people to fight for their rights. Hidalgo believed that Mexico should be free and that the people deserved to govern themselves. His call inspired many to join the fight for independence. This marked the beginning of a long struggle for freedom in Mexico. Brnar Asaad

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1810 Father Hidalgo calls for Mexican Independence

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In 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte made himself Emperor of the French. which was a big moment in history. The ceremony took place at Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris and had a huge crowd. Even though Pope Pius VII was there, Napoleon crowned himself, showing he wanted all the power. This bold move reflected his ambition and desire for control. By becoming emperor, he aimed to make France stronger and change Europe’s future. Brnar Asaad

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In 1804, Haiti declared its independence from France. Becoming the first independent nation in Latin America and the Caribbean. This followed a slave revolt against French rule, led by leaders like Toussaint L'Ouverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines. The declaration on January 1 marked a significant moment in history. Symbolizing a stand against colonialism and inspiring other independence movements. Brnar Asaad