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What I learned:
Through this lesson, I realized that digital literacy is not simply about knowing how to type on Word or open a file in Google Docs. It involves the ability to navigate ICT tools critically, organize information, and make learning more effective. I learned how important it is to use online research tools carefully and to stay updated with digital knowledge.

Connection with prior knowledge:
I often used Zoom and Google Classroom to attend and conduct online lessons previously. At that time, I thought of these tools only as a necessity to continue classes. After learning about digital literacy, I noticed that those experiences were actually opportunities to develop a valuable skill, such as collaborating online, submitting assignments digitally, and managing group projects.

What could have been done differently:
I think the lesson could have been more practical if the teacher had asked us to edit a shared Google Doc together or research online in groups, so we could directly practice digital literacy instead of only talking about it.

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What I learned:
I learned that digital citizenship is about being responsible while using online tools. It includes respecting others’ privacy, giving credit to original authors, avoiding plagiarism, and behaving ethically online.

Connection with prior knowledge:
When I submitted assignments in the past, I tried to avoid plagiarism by checking with tools like Grammarly or Turnitin. I did not realize that this small act was actually part of a larger practice called “digital citizenship.”

What could have been done differently:
I think role-play activities could have been used. For example, showing a situation where someone copies work without citation or violates privacy, and then discussing the consequences. This would have made the lesson more interactive and realistic.

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What I learned:
I came to know that TELL is broader than CALL, as it integrates multiple approaches like cognitive, social, and communicative while using technology at the same time. I learned that technology should not just be an “add-on” but a strategic support for teaching and learning.

Connection with prior knowledge:
I had read about Communicative Language Teaching earlier, but I did not connect it with technology. Now I see how using platforms or multimedia in class can extend the communicative approach and engage learners more.

What could have been done differently:
The lesson was theory-heavy. I think showing short video examples, like a recorded class where TELL principles are applied, would have made it easier to understand.

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4. Technology for Developing Reading Skills

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4. Technology for Developing Reading Skills

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What I learned:
I learned that online resources such as BBC Learning English, the British Council, and e-books are excellent for improving reading comprehension, vocabulary, and critical thinking. I also understood that speech synthesis and online reading tools can help learners at different levels.

Connection with prior knowledge:
I had already used BBC News and other sites for vocabulary practice, but I did not think deeply about how those experiences shaped my reading skills. After this class, I noticed that technology helps me read more critically and reflectively.

What could have been done differently:
Instead of just mentioning the resources, I think it would have been helpful if we had tried one of the reading apps during class and then discussed our experiences.

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5. Technology for Developing Writing Skills

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5. Technology for Developing Writing Skills

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What I learned:
I learned that Linguistic Feedback Tools such as Grammarly, Ginger etc. support writing by detecting grammar errors, and suggest better word choices to improve writing style. I also learned how collaborative writing on platforms like Google Docs encourages peer feedback.

Connection with prior knowledge:
I had used Grammarly before, but only to check grammar. Now I see that it is more than a grammar checker as it helps learners notice patterns and learn from their mistakes.

What could have been done differently:
A task-based approach would have worked better. For example, we could write a short essay, check it with a tool and then compare it with manual corrections. This would highlight the strengths and weaknesses of using technology.

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6. Technology for Developing Speaking Skills

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6. Technology for Developing Speaking Skills

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What I learned:
I learned that tools such as Duolingo, and podcast platforms can help learners gain confidence in speaking. These tools create opportunities for practice, especially when learners don’t have access to real-life speaking partners.

Connection with prior knowledge:
I practiced speaking on Duolingo before and noticed small improvements in my fluency. However, this class helped me understand that consistency and the right use of such tools can make a bigger difference.

What could have been done differently:
The class could have been more effective if we had practiced speaking in pairs using these tools during the lesson itself, and then reflected on our performance.

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7. Technology for Developing Listening Skills

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7. Technology for Developing Listening Skills

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What I learned:

I learned that TED Talks, BBC podcasts, and transcription tools are very useful for practicing listening skills. They provide authentic input, which helps learners adjust to different accents, tones, and speeds.

Connection with prior knowledge:

I used YouTube and Google Podcast before to practice listening, but I never thought of combining them with transcription tools. Now I realize that technology can make listening activities more interactive and engaging.

What could have been done differently:
I think it would have been engaging if we were given a listening clip and then had to use a live transcription app to compare our understanding with the generated text.

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8. Technology for Developing Grammar and Vocabulary

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8. Technology for Developing Grammar and Vocabulary

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What I learned:

I learned that interactive apps like Quizlet and Kahoot, along with British Council grammar exercises, can make grammar and vocabulary learning fun and participatory. These tools transform boring drills into competitive and enjoyable activities.

Connection with prior knowledge:

I had no idea about Kahoot and other tools like this. Now I understand why it engages memory through repetition and interaction.

What could have been done differently:
It would have been more engaging if the teacher had asked to organize a Kahoot quiz during class to let us compete and test our knowledge.

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What I learned:

I learned that Facebook and WhatsApp groups, Instagram reels, and YouTube channels are not just for entertainment. They can be effective in sharing vocabulary, grammar, and communicative practices.

Connection with prior knowledge:

I followed some Facebook pages on English learning before, and I often picked up new vocabulary and expressions from it.

What could have been done differently:

The teacher could have asked us to create short educational content like a reel or post so that we could experience the creative side of social media for learning.

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What I learned:

I learned that corpora such as COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) and concordance tools provide authentic examples of how words are used in real contexts. They also help identify grammar rules and vocabulary patterns.

Connection with prior knowledge:

I had no knowledge of corpora before. This was a completely new and eye-opening topic for me. It showed me that vocabulary learning can go beyond memorization.

What could have been done differently:

A hands-on demonstration would have helped. For example, asking us to search a word in COCA and analyze the results together.

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What I learned:

I learned that blended learning combines face-to-face teaching with online platforms like Zoom and Google Classroom. It makes learning flexible and balanced.

Connection with prior knowledge:

I had both online and classroom lessons prviously, but I didn’t realize that was part of a blended learning model. Now I notice how effective it was for maintaining continuity.

What could have been done differently:

I think the teacher could have designed a small blended project, where we did some tasks online and others in class, to let us experience the model more clearly.

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What I learned:

I learned that online learning is supported by MOOCs like Coursera and EdX, and platforms such as Zoom, Skype, and Google Meet. It offers global access and flexibility for learners.

Connection with prior knowledge:

I am used to attending many Zoom classes. I knew they were convenient, but I now understand how structured online platforms are, and can provide more organized learning opportunities.

What could have been done differently:

I guess the lesson could have been improved if the teacher had shown us how to register for a MOOC and explore it step by step.

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What I learned:

I learned that gamification makes learning engaging by using elements like badges, points, and leaderboards. Unlike traditional drills, gamification keeps learners motivated to continue.

Connection with prior knowledge:

I played games in Duolingo, and noticed that I stayed motivated because of the streaks and scores. This helped me connect my personal experience with the theory of gamification.

What could have been done differently:

It would have been more engaging if we had played an educational game in class and reflected on how the game changed our learning experience.

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What I learned:

I learned that VR can create immersive and realistic environments where learners can practice language as if they were in real situations.

Connection with prior knowledge:

I had only seen VR in gaming before. This class helped me realize that VR could also be a useful tool in education, especially for language practice.

What could have been done differently:

In my opinion, a demo video of VR being used in a classroom would have made this lesson more practical and easier to visualize.

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What I learned:

I learned that AR combines digital and real-world elements, while AI tools like ChatGPT provide immediate feedback for learners. Both create opportunities for more personalized and interactive learning.

Connection with prior knowledge:

I haven't used AR before, but I often used AI in my daily life. However, I noticed during this lesson that these tools also have strong educational potential.

What could have been done differently:

I think it would have been helpful if the teacher had demonstrated an AR or AI app live in class, so we could see their functions in action.