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Arms Race Heightens Tensions by Sierra Stockley-Jackson

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Arms Race Heightens Tensions by Sierra Stockley-Jackson

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Soviet Union sets off atomic bomb (September 2, 19?4)

Communist takeover in China

--both events lead to Americans living in fear of foreign countries

Atomic Energy Commission produces hydrogen bomb. The goal was to keep U.S. more advanced than Soviets.

There was controversy of whether or not the bomb would cause an arms race

--both J. Robert Oppenheimer and Albert Einstein were against the H-bomb

"Competition" between U.S. and Soviets of producing nuclear power/weapons

Mutually assured destruction prevents actual warfare, but Americans feared the chances of nuclear destruction.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fESuFzvsOEg

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HD Stock Footage Cold War Soviet H-Bomb Tests

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True HD Direct Film Transfers - NO UPCONVERSIONS! http://www.buyoutfootage.com/pages/titles/pd_nr_176.html Newsreels 1961, August 31 Reds Once Again Threaten To Resume Nuclear Tests The terror of the H-Bomb once again casts its ominous shadow over the face of the earth as Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announces that the Russians will once again undertake nuclear tests.

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The Clash between Truman and MacArthur- Lola

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The Clash between Truman and MacArthur- Lola

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Truman: Current US President who was concerned with resolving war in Korea peacefully

MacArthur: a popular hero of World War II who was then the commander of United Nations forces fighting in the Korean War under President Truman

November and December 1950, Chinese troops crossed into North Korea and attacked American lines, driving the U.S. troops back into South Korea

MacArthur asked for permission to bomb communist China and use Nationalist Chinese forces from Taiwan against the People's Republic of China

Truman says no

Tension grows between the two

MacArthur develops a position and intentions that counteract those of Truman

Truman relives MacArthur of his duties for making public statements that contradicted the administration's policies

Truman replaces him with Gen. Matthew Ridgeway

MacArthur returns to America as a war hero

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3aCIfVhW7w

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General Douglas MacArthur Farewell Speech

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Lessons Learned: General MacArthur's Dismissal

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On April 11, 1951, President Harry Truman announced with "deep regret" that he had dismissed General Douglas MacArthur as commanding general of U.S. forces in the Korean War. Truman's decision came after MacArthur repeatedly criticized the president's policies, advocating a more aggressive strategy even as Truman sought to limit the war.

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NATO and Warsaw Pact during the Cold War Sculley

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NATO and Warsaw Pact during the Cold War Sculley

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In 1949 the United States and 11 other Western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

The Soviet Union and other Communist nations in Eastern Europe founded the Warsaw Pact-1955.

Conflict between the Western nations (including the United States, Great Britain, France and other countries) and the Communist Eastern bloc ( USSR) began almost as soon as WW II ended

April 4, 1949, twelve countries in North America and Western Europe gathered in Washington D.C., to sign the North Atlantic Treaty. Stated that an attack on any of these countries was an attack against all.

Original members of NATO consisted of Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United States.  In 1955 West Germany became a member.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6XHw-ibicY

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Biography on Harry S. Truman by Andrea Ticu

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Biography on Harry S. Truman by Andrea Ticu

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Born on May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri

Poor eyesight prevented him to participate in sports

Fine musician and read every book in the Independence Public Library

1926 Elected Judge

1934 Ran for U.S. Senate and won

President from 1945 to 1953

Stop spread of communism

"Fair Deal" program that included many social security benefits, public health insurance, and an end to racial discrimination.

December 26, 1972 dies in Kansas CIty at the age of 88

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYmpHyG6blM

http://www.biography.com/people/harry-s-truman-9511121

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Disney The American Presidents: Harry S. Truman

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American history is so much more than dates and documents - it's the dynamic story of the real men and women, immigrants and Native Americans, who together built our country.

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Joseph Stalin & the Cold War by Maya-Elena Beckley

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Joseph Stalin & the Cold War by Maya-Elena Beckley

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Feb. 1945 How should Eastern Europe be governed?

Stalin initially agrees to establish representative governments.

LIES!!! The USSR remained in power for quite a while after WWII ended.

Satellite States:

Poland

Czechoslovakia

Hungary

Romania

Bulgaria

East Germany

Truman vs Stalin

Potsdam (Summer 1945) official start of 46 year Cold War

Warsaw Pact

Berlin Airlift

www.youtube.com/watch?v=WC8WaG1KqQ

www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHZQXNe2HpQ

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Joseph McCarthy: senator, accused State Department of being infested with communist agents (57), refused to give specific names, served 2 terms

McCarthyism: his version of anticommunism, irresponsible allegations

1950-1954: most powerful politician

Increasing power= attacked higher figures (former Senator of State Geroge Marshall)

Lies, feared by politicians, bullying tactics

US Army=communists, attacks=personally motivated

Senate held televised hearings to sort out allegations: twisted truth, lost supporters

Continued to serve in Senate, power&influence

Downfall (1954) marked decline of Red Scare

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Spy Cases Worry Americans by Hayden Pfefferkorn

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Spy Cases Worry Americans by Hayden Pfefferkorn

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HUAC- A government committee formed to investigate possible subversive activities by fascists, Nazis, or communist.

Whittake Chambers Accuses Alger Hiss

Alger Hiss was very successful man who went to John Hopkins and Harvard Law School

Worked for the government and was accused to be the contact for an espionage

Trial before the HUAC > Says he is innocent > Found guilty > 5 years in prison

Began to raise concern about high authorities working for enemy countries

The Rosenbergs Are Executed

Arrested on charges of passing secret information about nuclear science to Soviet agents

Very controversial: spy vs Rosenbergs

Electrocuted in 1953 > believed it was so harsh because they were Jewish

Evidence later arose confirming that both were guilty of the accused crimes

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sgom1snPaQ

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Worrying About Communists at Home by Keli Gjikondi

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Worrying About Communists at Home by Keli Gjikondi

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Red Scare- fear that Communists would destroy America

The spread of communism into Eastern Europe and Asia raised concerns that American communists were working for the enemy

President Truman created a Federal Employee Loyalty Program

This order: permitted the FBI and other government security agencies to screen federal employees for signs of political disloyalty, empowered the Attorney General to compile a list of "totalitarian, fascist, or subversive organization" in the U. S

The Truman administration also used the Smith Act to cripple the Communist Party in the U.S

The House of Representatives created the House Un-American Activities Committee to investigate possible subversive activities by fascist, Nazis, or communists

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sgom1snPaQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8D6d6_-Vngo

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The Cold War Goes Global by Laura Yedigaryan

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The Cold War Goes Global by Laura Yedigaryan

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The Soviet Union would not allow free elections in the areas it controlled, and it continued to attempt to spread communism around the world

Peace talks were taken seriously by people in Soviet-dominated countries such as Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia

Many resented the control exerted by the Soviet Union

In 1956 workers in Poland rioted against Soviet rule- won greater control of their government

Hungarian students and workers organized demonstrations- Soviet soldiers and tanks were sent there to crush the revolution

The U.S could not do anything about it

Egypt's president, Gamal Abdel Nasser used the Cold War to his advantage- wanted to construct a dam on the Nile River

The U.S tried to fund it, but Nasser opened talks with China and the Soviet Union- Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal(under government control)

Britain and France used the Suez Crisis to seize control of the Suez Canal- Eisenhower was outraged by these actions- no more U.S oil for these countries and no support from the U.S

The Eisenhower Doctrine- the U.S would use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism- CIA created to fight against communism, helped establish a new government in Iran

The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1-a month later they sent Sputnik 2 which carried a dog named Laika in it, unfortunately Laika died

The U.S thought that their technology would keep them ahead of the Soviet Union- $1 billion program to produce more scientists- NASA created

http://video.about.com/history1900s/Overview-of-the-Space-Race.htm

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Eisenhower Introduces New Policies by Ashley MacRae

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Eisenhower Introduces New Policies by Ashley MacRae

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He accepted many of Truman's policies (to contain communism)

John Foster Dulles: experienced diplomat who helped form the UN after WWII

Eisenhower and Dulles differed significantly from Truman

They all agreed on the fact that communism was the greatest threat to the free world

Eisenhower did not want to spend billions of dollars on conventional forces

massive retaliation: US would use whatever they could to threaten the communists who threatened their allies

Dulles believed that only by going to brink of war could the US protect its allies

brinkmanship: name of Dulles's approach shown above

March 5, 1953: Joseph Stalin died

Nikita Khrushchev: new head of the Soviet Union; he was more peaceful then Stalin

July 1955: Khrushchev met with Eisenhower

though nothing productive happened; they say that they were a step closer to a "peaceful co-existence"

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Americans Fight in Korea by Zakyah Abbott ( My people )한국전쟁

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Americans Fight in Korea by Zakyah Abbott ( My people )한국전쟁

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Korea had been divided into two independent countries by the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.

In North Korea, the Soviets installed a communist government and equipped its armed forces.

The United States provided small amounts of aid to non communist South Korea.

American occupation troops remained in South Korea until June 1949.

June 25, 1950, North Korean forces attacked across the 38th parallel.

90,000 North Korean troops were armed with powerful tanks and other Soviet weapons.

The northerners took over the South Korean capital city, Seoul.

President Truman announced that the United States would aid South Korea, after remembering the policy of appeasement had failed to check the German aggression that sparked World War II.

Truman did not ask Congress for a formal declaration of war, but he did order American troops who were stationed in Japan to move to South Korea.

American troops joined their South Korean allies in retreating to the southeast corner of the peninsula near the city of Pusan.

Soldiers from other UN countries joined the American and South Korean forces.

September 1950, General Douglas MacArthur had a plan to drive the invaders from South Korea.

October 1950, the North Koreans had been driven north of the 38th parallel.

November 25, 1950, some 30,000 Chinese soldiers attacked South Korean and U.S. positions.

http://video.about.com/asianhistory/Timeline-of-the-Korean-War.htm

http://video.about.com/history1900s/Overview-of-Korean-War.htm

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Communists Gain Control of China by Gabe                                                                                                                                                                                                            

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Communists Gain Control of China by Gabe                                                                                                                                                                                                            

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In October 1, 1949, Communists prevail against the nationalists and take control over China.

Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People's Republic of China (PRC)

Led the United States to suspend diplomatic ties with China

The Chinese Communist party was founded in 1921 in Shanghai.

Chinese communists united with the nationalist army for a time being to get rid of the warlords that prevented the formation of strong central government.

This mutual collaboration lasted until the "White Terror" of 1927 when the Nationalists started killing off Communists.

The Japanese threat after them taking over Manchuria kept Civil War from happening between Nationalists and Communists.

Nationalists kept receiving support from the U.S due to us not wanting a Communist China.

Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong met to reach an agreement on a post- war government but years of mistrust made it difficult for said parties to work together until they were both involved in an all-out war by 1946.

U.S kept fighting against the Communists in China but it wasn't enough and Nationalists forces fled to Taiwan sometime in October of 1949 to regroup and find a way to take back the mainland but they were never able to.

The U.S only recognized Chian's government in Taiwan as China's true government.

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Front lines located in Germany.

Zones Controlled by France, Britain, and US was West Germany.

West Germany was bordered on the east by the Soviet-controlled part of East Germany.

Stalin also wanted to capture the West.In 1948 Stalin stopped all highway, railway, and waterway traffic from western Germany into West Berlin.

West Berlin would fall to the communists.

US and Britain supplied West Berlin through airlift.

Provided fuel, food, clothing, medical supplies, and anything else the residents would need.

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Force City Of Berlin Learns To Cope Free

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HD Stock Footage Cold War East West Berlin

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Purchase link: http://www.buyoutfootage.com/pages/titles/pd_nr_176.html True HD direct film transfer Newsreels 1961, August 31 Separated By Force City Of Berlin Learns To Cope Free citizens of West Berlin, under the protection of Allied troops, go about their daily tasks well aware that their divided city has been pounced upon by Nikita Khrushchev as his frail reason for resuming Atom-bomb tests.

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George F. Kennan- Leading authority on the Soviet Union

Author of "The Sources of Soviet Conduct"

Founder of the containment policy

Containment- A goal to keep communism within existing borders

Kennan's view on Soviet expansion- Stalin would not risk destroying his power on a war with the US just to expand communism

Marshall Plan- Gave grants and loans to Western Europe and provided food during famine, fuel for heating, to jump-start the economy and re-build Europe

Created by Secretary of State George C. Marshall

Aid was also offered to Soviet satellite states- Stalin refused the aid

The "Made in the US" stamps on the aid the states did receive was changed to "Made in the Soviet Union"

Helping re-build Europe helped contain communism

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The Cold War: Crash Course US History #37

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Meeting the Soviet Challenge - Jonathan Bonnett - Somewhat Beautiful...

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Meeting the Soviet Challenge - Jonathan Bonnett - Somewhat Beautiful...

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President Truman - Not the only leader to believe that Stalin had plans for global domination.

Winston Churchill - Gave a speech in 1946, Fulton College in Missouri.

"An Iron curtain has descended across the Continent."

East of the Iron Curtain = Soviet controlled countries.

West of the Iron Curtain = Countries that are not controlled by the Soviets.

Soviets were gaining more power, by installing communist governments and police states.

Any resistance against this was crushed immediately.

Police and government forces wiped off political and religious dissent.

Churchill and Truman feared that the Soviets were attempting to spread communism to Western Europe and East Asia. They concluded that the only solution was to stand firm against it.

A number of European and Asian countries struggled against communist movements.

Ex. Greece and Turkey

1947 - U.S. was the only country with resources to help them. U.S. sent $400 million in aid.

Truman Doctrine:

The idea of giving aid to nations struggling against communist movements. Became the foreign policy of the United States of America.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pD_yaNR7kHM&safe=active

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U.S. relations with Soviet Union beginning to crumble

U.S.: capitalist democracy- free elections, economic&religious freedom, private property, and respect for differences

sought stronger, united GR & independent nations in E. Europe

Soviet Union: dictatorship- Stalin is decision maker, no religious freedom, no private property, no freedom of expression, any opposed or questioned were risked imprisonment or death

keep GR weak and divided & E. Europe under Soviet control

Yalta conference: Stalin agrees to free elections & "broadly representative" governments and divide GR into temporary occupation zones

Potsdam: Attlee hopes Stalin would confirm Yalta decisions but he refused

world wide rivalry between U.S. and Soviet Union

Cold War: 46-year struggle & two superpowers never faced each other directly in "hot" military conflict

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A great short clip explaining how World War II led to the Cold War. I do not own any footage, pictures, etc in this video.