# data[].attributes.body
Theoretical Foundation

Based on Behaviorism

Principal Tenets
focus on literature learning comprehension and L1 translation.

Positive Aspect

Learning more vocabulary

Negative Aspect

The student literally translates what they are trying to say in English.

Applying this Method
Translation of literacy passages.

Activities
1. Make flashcards with the image and the word in both English and Spanish. Asking students to repeat.

# data[].attributes.body
Theoretical Foundation
Based on Behaviorism

Principal Tenets
Focus and spoken language and correct pronunciation L2 total immersion taught in correct grammar taught indirectly.

Positive Aspect

It makes teaching English easier and more pleasant. A teacher uses various images/ pictures to illustrate his/her point.

Negative Aspect

Owing to over-emphasis on oral practice, the other skills namely reading and writing are ignored to a great extent.

Applying this Method
Reading aloud, reading comprehension, self-correction, filling in the blanks, dictation, imitation of dialogues

Activities
Question/answer exercise – the teacher asks questions of any type and the student answers. Dictation – the teacher chooses a grade-appropriate passage and reads it aloud. Reading aloud – the students take turns reading sections of a passage, play, or dialogue aloud.

# data[].attributes.body
Theoretical Foundation

Behaviorism and Structuralism

Principles

L2 total immersion, vocab and grammar control, focus on spoken language, direct grammar instruction, and situational and contextual vocab teaching

Positive Aspect
Development of listening and speaking power.
Negative Aspect
Equal importance is not given to all four skills at the time.

Teaching sequence
Dialogue memorization, repetition drill, chain drill, single-slot substitution drill, transformation drill, etc.

Applying this method
We make repetition in silver a verb to memorize it, we study the themes from memory to narrate it in an exhibition in front of the entire audience.

Activities
The teacher first reads each line of the dialogue or presents it with a recording. In the chorus, students repeat each line of the dialogue after it's presented, eventually memorizing it through many repetitions. The teacher then takes one role and the class takes the other, and they also change parts.

# data[].attributes.body
Theoretical Foundation
Social constructivism and social linguistic

Principles

Linguistic competence (knowledge of grammar and vocabulary)

Sociolinguistic competence (ability to say the appropriate thing in a social situation)

Aspect positive
Promotes linguistic competence, since it seeks situations in the student's environment.

Aspect negative
It is not functional in large groups of students due to the level of supervision it requires.

Teaching sequence
Prior Knowledge
Present topic

Collaborative Learning

Assessment

Applying this method
We individually carry out a final test or a thesis.

Activities
Instruct students to draw from rolled sheets of paper containing names of different objects. Their job, using the language, is to describe and give plenty of hints so that the class can discover what the object is.